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Takahashi M, Yokomichi M, Takei Y, Horaguchi Y, Makabe K, Konno H, Yano S, Kokeguchi S. Domain structure and function of α-1,3-glucanase Agl-EK14 from the gram-negative bacterium Flavobacterium sp. EK-14. J Biosci Bioeng 2024:S1389-1723(24)00133-6. [PMID: 38825558 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2024.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
The α-1,3-glucanase Agl-EK14 from Flavobacterium sp. EK-14 comprises a signal peptide (SP), a catalytic domain (CAT), a first immunoglobulin-like domain (Ig1), a second immunoglobulin-like domain (Ig2), a ricin B-like lectin domain (RicinB), and a carboxy-terminal domain (CTD). SP and CTD are predicted to be involved in extracellular secretion, while the roles of Ig1, Ig2, and RicinB are unclear. To clarify their roles, domain deletion enzymes Agl-EK14ΔRicinB, Agl-EK14ΔIg2RicinB, and Agl-EK14ΔIg1Ig2RicinB were constructed. The insoluble α-1,3-glucan hydrolytic, α-1,3-glucan binding, and fungal cell wall hydrolytic activities of the deletion enzymes were almost the same and lower than those of Agl-EK14. Kinetic analysis revealed that the Km values of the deletion enzymes were similar and uniformly higher than those of Agl-EK14. These results suggest that the deletion of RicinB causes a decline in binding and hydrolytic activity and increases the Km value. To confirm the role of RicinB, Ig1, Ig2, and RicinB were fused with green fluorescent protein (GFP). As a result, RicinB-fused GFP (GFP-RicinB) showed binding to insoluble α-1,3-glucan and Aspergillus oryzae cell walls, whereas Ig1- and Ig2-fused GFP did not. These results indicated that RicinB is involved in α-1,3-glucan binding. The fusion protein GFP-Ig1Ig2RicinB was also constructed and GFP-Ig1Ig2RicinB showed strong binding to the cell wall of A. oryzae compared to GFP-RicinB. Gel filtration column chromatography suggested that the strong binding was due to GFP-Ig1Ig2RicinB loosely associated with itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Takahashi
- Graduate School of Sciences and Engineering, Yamagata University, Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
| | - Moe Yokomichi
- Graduate School of Sciences and Engineering, Yamagata University, Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
| | - Yuki Takei
- Graduate School of Sciences and Engineering, Yamagata University, Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
| | - Yui Horaguchi
- Graduate School of Sciences and Engineering, Yamagata University, Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
| | - Koki Makabe
- Graduate School of Sciences and Engineering, Yamagata University, Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Konno
- Graduate School of Sciences and Engineering, Yamagata University, Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
| | - Shigekazu Yano
- Graduate School of Sciences and Engineering, Yamagata University, Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan.
| | - Susumu Kokeguchi
- Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8525, Japan
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Nagahashi Y, Hasegawa K, Takagi K, Yano S. Enzyme immobilization on α-1,3-glucan: development of flow reactor with fusion protein of α-1,3-glucan binding domains and histamine dehydrogenase. J GEN APPL MICROBIOL 2024; 69:206-214. [PMID: 37197975 DOI: 10.2323/jgam.2023.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
α-1,3-Glucanase Agl-KA from Bacillus circulans KA-304 consists of a discoidin domain (DS1), a carbohydrate binding module family 6 (CBM6), a threonine-proline-rich-linker (TP linker), a discoidin domain (DS2), an uncharacterized domain, and a catalytic domain. The binding of DS1, CBM6, and DS2 to α-1,3-glucan can be improved in the presence of two of these three domains. In this study, DS1, CBM6, and TP linker were genetically fused to histamine dehydrogenase (HmDH) from Nocardioides simplex NBRC 12069. The fusion enzyme, AGBDs-HmDH, was expressed in Escherichia coli Rosetta 2 (DE3) and purified from the cell-free extract. AGBDs-HmDH bound to 1% micro-particle of α-1,3-glucan (diameter: less than 1 μm) and 7.5% coarse-particle of α-1,3-glucan (less than 200 μm) at about 97 % and 70% of the initial amounts of the enzyme, respectively. A reactor for flow injection analysis filled with AGBDs-HmDH immobilized on the coarse-particle of α-1,3-glucan was successfully applied to determine histamine. A linear calibration curve was observed in the range for about 0.1 to 3.0 mM histamine. These findings suggest that the combination of α-1,3-glucan and α-1,3-glucan binding domains is a candidate for novel enzyme immobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Nagahashi
- Graduate School of Sciences and Engineering, Yamagata University
| | - Kazuki Hasegawa
- Graduate School of Sciences and Engineering, Yamagata University
| | - Kazuyoshi Takagi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University
| | - Shigekazu Yano
- Graduate School of Sciences and Engineering, Yamagata University
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Takahashi M, Yano S, Horaguchi Y, Otsuka Y, Suyotha W, Makabe K, Konno H, Kokeguchi S. α-1,3-Glucanase from the gram-negative bacterium Flavobacterium sp. EK-14 hydrolyzes fungal cell wall α-1,3-glucan. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21420. [PMID: 38049513 PMCID: PMC10696023 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48627-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The glycoside hydrolase (GH) 87 α-1,3-glucanase (Agl-EK14) gene was cloned from the genomic DNA of the gram-negative bacterium Flavobacterium sp. EK14. The gene consisted of 2940 nucleotides and encoded 980 amino acid residues. The deduced amino acid sequence of Agl-EK14 included a signal peptide, a catalytic domain, a first immunoglobulin-like domain, a second immunoglobulin-like domain, a ricin B-like lectin domain, and a carboxyl-terminal domain (CTD) involved in extracellular secretion. Phylogenetic analysis of the catalytic domain of GH87 enzymes suggested that Agl-EK14 is distinct from known clusters, such as clusters composed of α-1,3-glucanases from bacilli and mycodextranases from actinomycetes. Agl-EK14 without the signal peptide and CTD hydrolyzed α-1,3-glucan, and the reaction residues from 1 and 2% substrates were almost negligible after 1440 min reaction. Agl-EK14 hydrolyzed the cell wall preparation of Aspergillus oryzae and released glucose, nigerose, and nigero-triose from the cell wall preparation. After treatment of A. oryzae live mycelia with Agl-EK14 (at least 0.5 nmol/ml), mycelia were no longer stained by red fluorescent protein-fused α-1,3-glucan binding domains of α-1,3-glucanase Agl-KA from Bacillus circulans KA-304. Results suggested that Agl-EK14 can be applied to a fungal cell wall lytic enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Takahashi
- Graduate School of Sciences and Engineering, Yamagata University, Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan
| | - Shigekazu Yano
- Graduate School of Sciences and Engineering, Yamagata University, Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan.
| | - Yui Horaguchi
- Graduate School of Sciences and Engineering, Yamagata University, Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan
| | - Yuitsu Otsuka
- Graduate School of Sciences and Engineering, Yamagata University, Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan
| | - Wasana Suyotha
- Enzyme Technology Laboratory, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, 90112, Thailand
| | - Koki Makabe
- Graduate School of Sciences and Engineering, Yamagata University, Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Konno
- Graduate School of Sciences and Engineering, Yamagata University, Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan
| | - Susumu Kokeguchi
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8525, Japan
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Horaguchi Y, Takahashi M, Takamatsu K, Konno H, Makabe K, Yano S. Heterologous expression of α-1,3-glucanase Agn1p from Schizosaccharomyces pombe, and efficient production of nigero-oligosaccharides by enzymatic hydrolysis from solubilized α-1,3;1,6-glucan. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2023; 87:1219-1228. [PMID: 37410615 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbad094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
The glycoside hydrolase family 71 α-1,3-glucanase (Agn1p) of Schizosaccharomyces pombe was expressed in Escherichia coli Rosetta-gami B (DE3). Agn1p (0.5 nmol/mL) hydrolyzed insoluble α-1,3-glucan (1%), and about 3.3 mm reducing sugars were released after 1440 min of reaction. The analysis of reaction products by high-performance liquid chromatography revealed that pentasaccharides accumulated in the reaction mixture as the main products, along with a small amount of mono-, di-, tri-, tetra-, and hexasaccharides. Soluble glucan was prepared from insoluble α-1,3;1,6-glucan by alkaline and sonication treatment to improve the hydrolytic efficiency. As a result, this solubilized α-1,3;1,6-glucan maintained a solubilized state for at least 6 h. Agn1p (0.5 nmol/mL) hydrolyzed the solubilized α-1,3;1,6-glucan (1%), and about 8.2 mm reducing sugars were released after 240 min of reaction. Moreover, Agn1p released about 12.3 mm reducing sugars from 2% of the solubilized α-1,3;1,6-glucan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yui Horaguchi
- Graduate School of Sciences and Engineering, Yamagata University, Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Masaki Takahashi
- Graduate School of Sciences and Engineering, Yamagata University, Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Keigo Takamatsu
- Graduate School of Sciences and Engineering, Yamagata University, Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Konno
- Graduate School of Sciences and Engineering, Yamagata University, Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Koki Makabe
- Graduate School of Sciences and Engineering, Yamagata University, Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Shigekazu Yano
- Graduate School of Sciences and Engineering, Yamagata University, Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata, Japan
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Wei B, Wang L, Su L, Tao X, Chen S, Wu J, Xia W. Structural characterization of slow digestion dextrin synthesized by a combination of α-glucosidase and cyclodextrin glucosyltransferase and its prebiotic potential on the gut microbiota in vitro. Food Chem 2023; 426:136554. [PMID: 37321121 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Starch-based dietary fibers are at the forefront of functional ingredient research. In this study, a novel water-soluble slow digestion dextrin (SDD) was synthesized by synergy of α-glucosidase and cyclodextrin glucosyltransferase and characterized. Results showed that SDD exhibited high solubility, low viscosity, and resistance to digestive enzymes, and also showed an increased dietary fiber content of 45.7% compared with that of α-glucosidase catalysis alone. Furthermore, SDD was used as the sole carbon source to ferment selected intestinal strains and human fecal microflora in vitro to investigate its prebiotic effects. It was found that SDD could markedly enriched the abundance of Bifidobacterium, Veillonella, Dialister, and Blautia in human gut microflora and yielded higher total organic acid. The combination of α-glucosidase and cyclodextrin glucosyltransferase in this study showed valuable potential for the preparation of a novel slow digestion dextrin with good physicochemical properties and improved prebiotic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Lingqia Su
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiumei Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Wei Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China.
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