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XPA deficiency affects the ubiquitin-proteasome system function. DNA Repair (Amst) 2020; 94:102937. [PMID: 32693352 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2020.102937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group A (XPA), is defective in xeroderma pigmentosum patients, causing pre-disposition to skin cancer and neurological abnormalities, which is not well understood. Here, we analyzed the XPA-deficient cells transcriptional profile under oxidative stress. The imbalance in of ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) gene expression was observed in XPA-deficient cells and the involvement of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 (NFE2L2) was indicated. Co-immunoprecipitation assays showed the interaction between XPA, apurinic-apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) and NFE2L2 proteins. Decreased NFE2L2 protein expression and proteasome activity was also observed in XPA-deficient cells. The data suggest the involvement of the growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible beta (GADD45β) in NFE2L2 functions. Similar results were obtained in xpa-1 (RNAi) Caenorhabditis elegans suggesting the conservation of XPA and NFE2L2 interactions. In conclusion, stress response activation occurs in XPA-deficient cells under oxidative stress; however, these cells fail to activate the UPS cytoprotective response, which may contribute to XPA patient's phenotypes.
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CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing for genodermatoses: progress and perspectives. Emerg Top Life Sci 2019; 3:313-326. [DOI: 10.1042/etls20180148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Genodermatoses constitute a clinically heterogeneous group of devastating genetic skin disorders. Currently, therapy options are largely limited to symptomatic treatments and although significant advances have been made in ex vivo gene therapy strategies, various limitations remain. However, the recent technical transformation of the genome editing field promises to overcome the hurdles associated with conventional gene addition approaches. In this review, we discuss the need for developing novel treatments and describe the current status of gene editing for genodermatoses, focusing on a severe blistering disease called epidermolysis bullosa (EB), for which significant progress has been made. Initial research utilized engineered nucleases such as transcription activator-like effector nucleases and meganucleases. However, over the last few years, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) have upstaged older generation gene editing tools. We examine different strategies for CRISPR/Cas9 application that can be employed depending on the type and position of the mutation as well as the mode of its inheritance. Promising developments in the field of base editing opens new avenues for precise correction of single base substitutions, common in EB and other genodermatoses. We also address the potential limitations and challenges such as safety concerns and delivery efficiency. This review gives an insight into the future of gene editing technologies for genodermatoses.
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Hosseini M, Ezzedine K, Taieb A, Rezvani HR. Oxidative and Energy Metabolism as Potential Clues for Clinical Heterogeneity in Nucleotide Excision Repair Disorders. J Invest Dermatol 2015; 135:341-351. [DOI: 10.1038/jid.2014.365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Revised: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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4
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Phase I Study Protocol for Ex Vivo Lentiviral Gene Therapy for the Inherited Skin Disease, Netherton Syndrome. HUM GENE THER CL DEV 2013; 24:182-90. [DOI: 10.1089/humc.2013.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Abstract
Post-transcriptional managing of RNA plays a key role in the intricate network of cellular pathways that regulate our genes. Numerous small RNA species have emerged as crucial regulators of RNA processing and translation. Among these, microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate protein synthesis through specific interactions with target RNAs and are believed to play a role in almost any cellular process and tissue. Skin is no exception, and miRNAs are intensively studied for their role in skin homoeostasis and as potential triggers of disease. For use in skin and many other tissues, therapeutic RNA managing by small RNA technologies is now widely explored. Despite the easy accessibility of skin, the natural barrier properties of skin have challenged genetic intervention studies, and unique tools for studying gene expression and the regulatory role of small RNAs, including miRNAs, in human skin are urgently needed. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-derived lentiviral vectors (LVs) have been established as prominent carriers of foreign genetic cargo. In this review, we describe the use of HIV-derived LVs for efficient gene transfer to skin and establishment of long-term transgene expression in xenotransplanted skin. We outline the status of engineered LVs for delivery of small RNAs and their in vivo applicability for expression of genes and small RNA effectors including small hairpin RNAs, miRNAs and miRNA inhibitors. Current findings suggest that LVs may become key tools in experimental dermatology with particular significance for cutaneous RNA managing and in vivo genetic intervention.
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Kunicher N, Tzur T, Amar D, Chaouat M, Yaacov B, Panet A. Characterization of factors that determine lentiviral vector tropism in skin tissue using an ex vivo model. J Gene Med 2011; 13:209-20. [DOI: 10.1002/jgm.1554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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7
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Rezvani HR, Mazurier F, Morice-Picard F, Jouary T, Cario-André M, Ged C, de Verneuil H, Taïeb A. Xeroderma pigmentosum: clues to understanding cancer initiation. DERMATOL SIN 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1027-8117(10)60021-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Acu ID, Liu T, Suino-Powell K, Mooney SM, D'Assoro AB, Rowland N, Muotri AR, Correa RG, Niu Y, Kumar R, Salisbury JL. Coordination of centrosome homeostasis and DNA repair is intact in MCF-7 and disrupted in MDA-MB 231 breast cancer cells. Cancer Res 2010; 70:3320-8. [PMID: 20388771 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-3800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
When cells encounter substantial DNA damage, critical cell cycle events are halted while DNA repair mechanisms are activated to restore genome integrity. Genomic integrity also depends on proper assembly and function of the bipolar mitotic spindle, which is required for equal chromosome segregation. Failure to execute either of these processes leads to genomic instability, aging, and cancer. Here, we show that following DNA damage in the breast cancer cell line MCF-7, the centrosome protein centrin2 moves from the cytoplasm and accumulates in the nucleus in a xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group C protein (XPC)-dependent manner, reducing the available cytoplasmic pool of this key centriole protein and preventing centrosome amplification. MDA-MB 231 cells do not express XPC and fail to move centrin into the nucleus following DNA damage. Reintroduction of XPC expression in MDA-MB 231 cells rescues nuclear centrin2 sequestration and reestablishes control against centrosome amplification, regardless of mutant p53 status. Importantly, the capacity to repair DNA damage was also dependent on the availability of centrin2 in the nucleus. These observations show that centrin and XPC cooperate in a reciprocal mechanism to coordinate centrosome homeostasis and DNA repair and suggest that this process may provide a tractable target to develop treatments to slow progression of cancer and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilie D Acu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nephrology Research Unit, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
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Sarasin A. Progress and Prospects of Xeroderma Pigmentosum Therapy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2008; 637:144-51. [DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-09599-8_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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10
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Kunicher N, Falk H, Yaacov B, Tzur T, Panet A. Tropism of Lentiviral Vectors in Skin Tissue. Hum Gene Ther 2008; 19:255-66. [DOI: 10.1089/hum.2007.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai Kunicher
- Department of Virology, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Haya Falk
- Department of Virology, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Barak Yaacov
- Department of Virology, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Tomer Tzur
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Amos Panet
- Department of Virology, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
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Catalase overexpression reduces UVB-induced apoptosis in a human xeroderma pigmentosum reconstructed epidermis. Cancer Gene Ther 2008; 15:241-51. [PMID: 18202716 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cgt.7701102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Xeroderma pigmentosum type C (XPC) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder that occurs due to inactivation of the XPC protein, an important DNA damage recognition protein involved in DNA nucleotide excision repair (NER). This defect, which prevents removal of a wide array of direct and indirect DNA lesions, is associated with a decrease in catalase activity. To test the hypothesis of a novel photoprotective approach, we irradiated epidermis reconstructed with XPC human keratinocytes sustainably overexpressing lentivirus-mediated catalase enzyme. Following UVB irradiation, there was a marked decrease in sunburn cell formation, caspase-3 activation and p53 accumulation in human XPC-reconstructed epidermis overexpressing catalase. Moreover, XPC-reconstructed epidermis was more resistant to UVB-induced apoptosis than normal reconstructed epidermis. While not correcting the gene defect, indirect gene therapy using antioxidant enzymes may be of help in limiting photosensitivity in XPC and probably in other monogenic/polygenic photosensitive disorders characterized by ROS accumulation.
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STRAUSS JAMESH, STRAUSS ELLENG. Gene Therapy. VIRUSES AND HUMAN DISEASE 2008. [PMCID: PMC7148746 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-373741-0.50014-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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Kikuchi Y, Tamai K, Kaneda Y. Cutaneous gene delivery. J Dermatol Sci 2007; 50:87-98. [PMID: 17765482 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2007.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2007] [Revised: 07/10/2007] [Accepted: 07/20/2007] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, many approaches to transferring genes into the skin have been investigated. However, most such approaches have been specifically aimed against genodermatosis, and have not produced sufficient results. The goal of such research is to develop a method in which genes are transferred easily, efficiently and stably into keratinocytes, especially into keratinocyte stem cells, and in which the transgene expression persists without a reaction from the host immune response. Although accidental development of cancer has occurred in trials of gene therapy for X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (X-SCID), resulting in slowing of the progress of this research, the lessons of these setbacks have been applied to further research. Moreover, combined with the techniques acquired from tissue engineering, recent developments in our knowledge about stem cells will lead to new treatments for genodermatoses. The present review summarizes the methods by which therapeutic genes can be transferred into keratinocytes, with discussion of how gene transfer efficiency can be improved, with particular emphasis on disruption of the skin barrier function. It concludes with discussion of the challenges and prospects of keratinocyte gene therapy, in terms of achieving efficient and long-lasting therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Kikuchi
- Division of Gene Therapy Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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