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Augusto D, Ibáñez J, Pinto-Sintra AL, Falco V, Leal F, Martínez-Zapater JM, Oliveira AA, Castro I. Grapevine Diversity and Genetic Relationships in Northeast Portugal Old Vineyards. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10122755. [PMID: 34961228 PMCID: PMC8705298 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
More than 100 grapevine varieties are registered as suitable for wine production in “Douro” and “Trás-os-Montes” Protected Designations of Origin regions; however, only a few are actually used for winemaking. The identification of varieties cultivated in past times can be an important step to take advantage of all the potential of these regions grape biodiversity. The conservation of the vanishing genetic resources boosts greater product diversification, and it can be considered strategic in the valorisation of these wine regions. Hence, one goal of the present study was to prospect and characterise, through molecular markers, 310 plants of 11 old vineyards that constitute a broad representation of the grape genetic patrimony of “Douro” and “Trás-os-Montes” wine regions; 280 samples, grouped into 52 distinct known varieties, were identified through comparison of their genetic profiles generated via 6 nuclear SSR and 43 informative SNP loci amplification; the remaining 30 samples, accounting for 13 different genotypes, did not match with any profile in the consulted databases and were considered as new genotypes. This study also aimed at evaluating the population structure among the 65 non-redundant genotypes identified, which were grouped into two ancestral genetic groups. The mean probability of identity values of 0.072 and 0.510 (for the 6 SSR and 226 SNP sets, respectively) were determined. Minor differences were observed between frequencies of chlorotypes A and D within the non-redundant genotypes studied. Twenty-seven pedigrees were confirmed and nine new trios were established. Ancestors of eight genotypes remain unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Augusto
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
| | - Javier Ibáñez
- Institute of Grapevine and Wine Sciences (ICVV), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), University of La Rioja and Government of La Rioja, 26007 Logroño, Spain; (J.I.); (J.M.M.-Z.)
| | - Ana Lúcia Pinto-Sintra
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4Agro), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (A.L.P.-S.); (F.L.); (A.A.O.)
| | - Virgílio Falco
- Chemistry Research Centre, Vila Real (CQ-VR), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
| | - Fernanda Leal
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4Agro), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (A.L.P.-S.); (F.L.); (A.A.O.)
| | - José Miguel Martínez-Zapater
- Institute of Grapevine and Wine Sciences (ICVV), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), University of La Rioja and Government of La Rioja, 26007 Logroño, Spain; (J.I.); (J.M.M.-Z.)
| | - Ana Alexandra Oliveira
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4Agro), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (A.L.P.-S.); (F.L.); (A.A.O.)
| | - Isaura Castro
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4Agro), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (A.L.P.-S.); (F.L.); (A.A.O.)
- Correspondence:
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Genetic Diversity, Population Structure, and Parentage Analysis of Croatian Grapevine Germplasm. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11070737. [PMID: 32630730 PMCID: PMC7397172 DOI: 10.3390/genes11070737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Croatian viticulture was most extensive at the beginning of the 20th century, when about 400 varieties were in use. Autochthonous varieties are the result of spontaneous hybridization from the pre-phylloxera era and are still cultivated today on about 35 % of vineyard area, while some exist only in repositories. We present what is the most comprehensive genetic analysis of all major Croatian national repositories, with a large number of microsatellite, or simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, and it is also the first study to apply single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. After 212 accessions were fingerprinted, 95 were classified as unique to Croatian germplasm. Genetic diversity of Croatian germplasm is rather high considering its size. SNP markers proved useful for fingerprinting but less informative and practical than SSRs. Analysis of the genetic structure showed that Croatian germplasm is predominantly part of the Balkan grape gene pool. A high number of admixed varieties and synonyms is a consequence of complex pedigrees and migrations. Parentage analysis confirmed 24 full parentages, as well as 113 half-kinships. Unexpectedly, several key genitors could not be detected within the present Croatian germplasm. The low number of reconstructed parentages (19%) points to severe genetic erosion and stresses the importance of germplasm repositories.
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Marques da Silva J, Figueiredo A, Cunha J, Eiras-Dias JE, Silva S, Vanneschi L, Mariano P. Using Rapid Chlorophyll Fluorescence Transients to Classify Vitis Genotypes. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:plants9020174. [PMID: 32024121 PMCID: PMC7076723 DOI: 10.3390/plants9020174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
When a dark-adapted leaf is illuminated with saturating light, a fast polyphasic rise of fluorescence emission (Kautsky effect) is observed. The shape of the curve is dependent on the molecular organization of the photochemical apparatus, which in turn is a function of the interaction between genotype and environment. In this paper, we evaluate the potential of rapid fluorescence transients, aided by machine learning techniques, to classify plant genotypes. We present results of the application of several machine learning algorithms (k-nearest neighbors, decision trees, artificial neural networks, genetic programming) to rapid induction curves recorded in different species and cultivars of vine grown in the same environmental conditions. The phylogenetic relations between the selected Vitis species and Vitis vinifera cultivars were established with molecular markers. Both neural networks (71.8%) and genetic programming (75.3%) presented much higher global classification success rates than k-nearest neighbors (58.5%) or decision trees (51.6%), genetic programming performing slightly better than neural networks. However, compared with a random classifier (success rate = 14%), even the less successful algorithms were good at the task of classifying. The use of rapid fluorescence transients, handled by genetic programming, for rapid preliminary classification of Vitis genotypes is foreseen as feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Marques da Silva
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.F.); (P.M.)
| | - Andreia Figueiredo
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.F.); (P.M.)
| | - Jorge Cunha
- National Station of Viticulture and Enology, 2565-191 Dois Portos, Portugal; (J.C.); (J.E.E.-D.)
| | - José Eduardo Eiras-Dias
- National Station of Viticulture and Enology, 2565-191 Dois Portos, Portugal; (J.C.); (J.E.E.-D.)
| | - Sara Silva
- LASIGE, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (S.S.); (L.V.)
| | - Leonardo Vanneschi
- LASIGE, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (S.S.); (L.V.)
- NOVA Information Management School (NOVA IMS), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Campolide, 1070-312 Lisboa, Portugal; (L.V.)
| | - Pedro Mariano
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.F.); (P.M.)
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Gutiérrez-Gamboa G, Liu SY, Pszczólkowski P. Resurgence of minority and autochthonous grapevine varieties in South America: a review of their oenological potential. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2020; 100:465-482. [PMID: 31452209 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
In contrast with the general trend of producing wine from the most famous grapevine varieties, associated with the French paradigm, such as Cabernet-Sauvignon, Merlot, Pinot Noir, Syrah, Sauvignon Blanc, and Chardonnay, there is a tendency to revalorize and preserve minority or autochthonous grapevine varieties worldwide. The South American wine region, where most of the varieties derived from varieties brought after European colonization, is not exempt from this. This has allowed new wines to be provided with distinctive identities that are markedly different from the current homogeneous wine production. Moreover, varietal homogenization increases vineyard genetic vulnerability in relation to the emergence of grapevine diseases, to which the commonly cultivated varieties are not resistant. This review summarizes the oenological potential of minority or autochthonous grapevine varieties cultivated within the South American wine region, focusing on Argentina, Chile, and Bolivia. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gastón Gutiérrez-Gamboa
- Centro Tecnológico de la Vid y el Vino, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Shu-Yan Liu
- Universidad de La Rioja/Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (UR, CSIC, GR), Finca La Grajera, ctra. de Burgos km 6, Logroño, Spain
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Cunha J, Ibáñez J, Teixeira-Santos M, Brazão J, Fevereiro P, Martínez-Zapater JM, Eiras‐Dias JE. Genetic Relationships Among Portuguese Cultivated and Wild Vitis vinifera L. Germplasm. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:127. [PMID: 32194583 PMCID: PMC7066319 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The domesticated grapevine spread along the Mediterranean basin from the primary Near East domestication area, where the greatest genetic diversity is found in its ancestor, the wild vine populations. Portuguese wild populations are on the southwestern fringe of the distribution of the Vitis vinifera L. ssp. sylvestris (C.C. Gmel.) Hegi in Europe. During the last Glacial Period they became isolated from the previous continuum that had been the territory of wild vine populations. Archaeological remains of domesticated vinifera grapevines in Portugal date back from 795 Before Common Era (BCE) in the lower Tagus river basin. In this work, 258 Portuguese vinifera varieties and sylvestris plants were characterized using 261 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. The study of the genetic diversity of this local germplasm, its population structure and kinship, all framed in their historical and geographical backgrounds, revealed a complex network of first-degree relationships, where only Iberian varieties are involved. Some Iberian genotypes, like Alfrocheiro (Bruñal, in Spain), Sarigo (Cayetana Blanca), Mourisco Branco (Hebén), Amaral (Caiño Bravo), and Marufo (Moravia Dulce) are ancestors of a considerable fraction of all the autochthonous analyzed varieties. A part of the diversity developed was mostly local in some cases as shown by the closeness of several varieties (Vinhos Verdes) to the wild cluster in different analyses. Besides, several evidences of introgression of domesticated germplasm into wild vines was found, substantiating the high risk of genetic contamination of the sylvestris subspecies. All these findings together to the known matching between the wild maternal lineage of the Iberian Peninsula and an important number of Portuguese grapevine varieties (chlorotype A), point out that some of these varieties derive, directly or indirectly, from originally local wild populations, supporting the possible occurrence of secondary events of local domestication, or, at least, of an introgression process of wild into cultivated grapevines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Cunha
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, Dois Portos, Portugal
- Green-it Unit, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Jorge Cunha,
| | - Javier Ibáñez
- Departamento de Viticultura, Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino, (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de La Rioja, Gobierno de La Rioja), Logroño, Spain
| | | | - João Brazão
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, Dois Portos, Portugal
- Green-it Unit, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Pedro Fevereiro
- Green-it Unit, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - José M. Martínez-Zapater
- Departamento de Viticultura, Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino, (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de La Rioja, Gobierno de La Rioja), Logroño, Spain
| | - José E. Eiras‐Dias
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, Dois Portos, Portugal
- Green-it Unit, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
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Zequim Maia SH, de Oliveira-Collet SA, Mangolin CA, de Fátima P.S. Machado M. Differential genetic stability in vineyards of the cultivar ‘Italy’ ( Vitis vinifera L.) cultivated in different regions of Southern and Southwestern Brazil. CIÊNCIA E TÉCNICA VITIVINÍCOLA 2018. [DOI: 10.1051/ctv/20183301066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
During more than 50 years the vegetative propagation has been the form of maintaining and multiplication of the cv. ’Italy’ vineyards, a ’Bicane’ x ’Muscat Hamburg’ hybrid. In the current study, polymorphism in 17 microsatellite loci was used to evaluate the genetic stability at DNA level in vineyards of cv. ’Italy’ planted in different regions of the states of Paraná and São Paulo, Brazil. Unchanged and equal allele frequency indicating genetic stability was reported in 47% of the microsatellite loci in vineyards of six localities, while allele frequency variation has been observed in Scu15vv, Udv44, Udv74, Udv96, Udv107, Udv108, Vvmd5, Vvmd6 and Vvs3 microsatellite loci. Alleles Udv96140 and Vvs3448, detected in vines in only one of the vineyards, evidenced somatic mutations at molecular level in cv. ’Italy’. Genetic diversity, as result of changes in the allele frequencies in 53% of microsatellite loci, was detected more frequently than somatic mutations due to new alleles. Polymorphism in microsatellite loci revealed different genetic stability in vineyards of cv. ’Italy’ cultivated in six different Brazilian regions and indicated vineyards with less genetic stability as a possible source of somatic mutants, showing traits of agronomic interest with a potential to generate new cultivars.
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Pandey SK, Das A, Rai P, Dasgupta T. Morphological and genetic diversity assessment of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) accessions differing in origin. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 21:519-29. [PMID: 26600678 PMCID: PMC4646868 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-015-0322-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 09/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Sesame is an important ancient oilseed crop of high medicinal value. In the present study, 37 characters including both quantitative and qualitative traits of sixty genotypes were characterized following IPGRI morphological descriptors for sesame. Multivariate analysis was computed to distinguish the varieties into different groups. Though thirty six microsatellite markers including genomic and Est-SSR markers were initially selected, but, finally, the accessions were genotyped by eight polymorphic primers. Altogether, 27 alleles were detected among the 60 genotypes, with an average of 3.37 alleles per locus. The number of alleles ranged from 2 to 6 alleles. From data of microsatellite markers, dissimilarity coefficients between varieties were computed following Jaccard's coefficient method. Principal co-ordinate analysis was used to represent the varieties in bi-directional space. Dendrogram was constructed using NJ method based on dissimilarity matrix. Cluster analysis based on morphological and molecular marker classified sesame genotypes into two major groups. Mantel test showed an insignificant correlation between phenotypic and molecular marker information. The genotypes belonging to the same geographical area did not always occupy the same cluster. The results confirmed that both genetic and phenotypic diversity in a combined way could efficiently evaluate the variation present in different sesame accessions in any breeding program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarita K. Pandey
- />Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Institute of Agricultural Science, Calcutta University, Kolkata, India
- />International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Telangana India
| | - Arna Das
- />Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Institute of Agricultural Science, Calcutta University, Kolkata, India
| | - Pooja Rai
- />Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Institute of Agricultural Science, Calcutta University, Kolkata, India
| | - Tapash Dasgupta
- />Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Institute of Agricultural Science, Calcutta University, Kolkata, India
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Alifragkis A, Cunha J, Pereira J, Fevereiro P, Eiras Dias JEJ. Identity, synonymies and homonynies of minor grapevine cultivars maintained in the portuguese ampelographic collection. CIÊNCIA E TÉCNICA VITIVINÍCOLA 2015. [DOI: 10.1051/ctv/20153001043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Santos S, Oliveira M, Amorim A, van Asch B. A forensic perspective on the genetic identification of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) varieties using STR markers. Electrophoresis 2014; 35:3201-7. [PMID: 25146979 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 08/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The grapevine (Vitis vinifera subsp. vinifera) is one of the most important agricultural crops worldwide. A long interest in the historical origins of ancient and cultivated current grapevines, as well as the need to establish phylogenetic relationships and parentage, solve homonymies and synonymies, fingerprint cultivars and clones, and assess the authenticity of plants and wines has encouraged the development of genetic identification methods. STR analysis is currently the most commonly used method for these purposes. A large dataset of grapevines genotypes for many cultivars worldwide has been produced in the last decade using a common set of recommended dinucleotide nuclear STRs. This type of marker has been replaced by long core-repeat loci in standardized state-of-the-art human forensic genotyping. The first steps toward harmonized grapevine genotyping have already been taken to bring the genetic identification methods closer to human forensic STR standards by previous authors. In this context, we bring forward a set of basic suggestions that reinforce the need to (i) guarantee trueness-to-type of the sample; (ii) use the long core-repeat markers; (iii) verify the specificity and amplification consistency of PCR primers; (iv) sequence frequent alleles and use these standardized allele ladders; (v) consider mutation rates when evaluating results of STR-based parentage and pedigree analysis; (vi) genotype large and representative samples in order to obtain allele frequency databases; (vii) standardize genotype data by establishing allele nomenclature based on repeat number to facilitate information exchange and data compilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Santos
- Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal; Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Abstract
Grapevine chloroplast (cp) DNA diversity was analysed for the first time through amplification and digestion of fragments of the large single copy (LSC) region by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism methodology and also by amplification of three microsatellite loci, previously described as polymorphic in grapevine. Thirty-eight grapevine cultivars collected mainly in the North of Portugal, including some neglected cultivars, four international cultivars (Chasselas, Muscat of Alexandria, Muscat of Hamburg and Pinot) and Vitis riparia and Vitis rupestris, were used in this study with the main goal of finding out their cpDNA diversity and compare the obtained results with previously published data on cultivars from other regions to ascertain their possible origin. Two different alleles were found in each of the three cpSSR loci. Allele variants of the three loci combined in a total of three different haplotypes (A, B and D). The most frequent haplotype, A, was previously reported as the most frequent in Iberian Peninsula and Occidental Europe. Haplotype B was unique to Rabigato, Muscat of Alexandria, V. riparia and V. rupestris. This haplotype was previously proposed to be an ancestral haplotype. Twenty-seven fragments of the LSC region of Vitis vinifera cpDNA were amplified and then digested with HinfI and TaqI restriction enzymes. Polymorphisms were found in the trnT-psbC (TC) and orf184-petA (OA) fragments. In the TC fragment, the polymorphism corresponds to a point mutation in a restriction site of TaqI and is only present in all cultivars with cpSSR haplotype D. In the OA fragment, a short deletion exclusive to the Rabigato cultivar was found. In this case, one sequence tagged site-based marker was developed and will be very useful in future phylogenetic and fingerprinting studies in a broader number of cultivars and in wild grapevine populations. Inference about the progenitors of the Touriga Franca cultivar is done. The present work supports and completes its origin as a descendent of the female and male parents, Marufo and Touriga Nacional.
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Effectiveness of AFLPs and Retrotransposon-Based Markers for the Identification of Portuguese Grapevine Cultivars and Clones. Mol Biotechnol 2011; 52:26-39. [DOI: 10.1007/s12033-011-9470-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Lopes MS, Mendonça D, Rodrigues dos Santos M, Eiras-Dias JE, da Câmara Machado A. New insights on the genetic basis of Portuguese grapevine and on grapevine domestication. Genome 2010; 52:790-800. [PMID: 19935927 DOI: 10.1139/g09-048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
As the ancestor of cultivated grape, Vitis vinifera subsp. sylvestris represents a unique, invaluable genetic resource for the improvement of cultivated grapevines. Recently, five populations of wild grapevines were identified in Portugal. Sixty vines were characterized with 11 nuclear SSR markers and further compared with 70 genotypes of Portuguese Vitis vinifera subsp. sativa. The obtained data demonstrate moderate genetic differentiation between wild grapevine populations and moderate to high genetic differentiation between wild and cultivated grapevines. However, the identification of high degrees of similarity between wild and cultivated grapes (up to 87%) and a putative parent-progeny relationship between wild and cultivated grapes with 17 additional SSR markers is indicative of gene flow between local wild grapevine populations and Portuguese domesticated vines. Also, the ancestry of some Azorean cultivars was ascertained. The obtained data further support the hypothesis of several domestication centres, with Portugal, Spain, and Italy playing a particular role after the last glaciation, giving rise to many of the Western European cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Lopes
- Centro de Biotecnologia dos Açores, Departamento de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade dos Açores, Terra-Chã, 9701-851 Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal
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Salmaso M, Valle RD, Lucchin M. Gene pool variation and phylogenetic relationships of an indigenous northeast Italian grapevine collection revealed by nuclear and chloroplast SSRs. Genome 2009; 51:838-55. [PMID: 18923535 DOI: 10.1139/g08-064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A germplasm safeguard programme was set up with 19 grapevine varieties considered as indigenous to northeastern Italy. To better estimate how genetic structure can be used to obtain a conservation perspective of local varieties, genetic variability was examined at 30 nuclear and 3 chloroplast polymorphic microsatellite loci in the native varieties plus 7 European cultivars taken as reference. The genetic profiles of all the cultivars were searched for possible parentage relationships and several suspected cases of the same variety having different names were investigated. The alleles shared at the loci suggest a parent-offspring relationship between Merlot and Cabernet Franc, 'Gruaja' and 'Negrara Veronese', and Marzemina Nera and Marzemina Bianca. Alleles at the 30 nuclear loci are consistent with Raboso Veronese being the progeny of Marzemina Bianca and Raboso Piave. Chloroplast-specific haplotypes were singled out for the first time in this indigenous germplasm and should be considered typical of the region. It is hypothesized that there are many specific haplotypes for the local varieties due to a past contribution of wild grapevine to the cultivated gene pool. The majority of investigated cultivars were demonstrated to constitute an independent source of genetic variation, and therefore a possible valuable resource of genetic traits for breeders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Salmaso
- Department of Environmental Agronomy and Crop Production, Agripolis, University of Padova, Viale Universita 16, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy.
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