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Sahu N, Mahanty B, Haldar D. Challenges and opportunities in bioprocessing of gellan gum: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 276:133912. [PMID: 39025193 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Gellan gum (GG) - the microbial exopolysaccharide is increasingly being adopted into drug development, tissue engineering, and food and pharmaceutical products. In spite of the commercial importance and expanding application horizon of GG, little attention has been directed toward the exploration of novel microbial cultures, development of advanced screening protocols, strain engineering, and robust upstream or downstream processes. This comprehensive review not only attempts to summarize the existing knowledge pool on GG bioprocess but also critically assesses their inherent challenges. The process optimization design augmented with advanced machine learning modeling tools, widely adopted in other microbial bioprocesses, should be extended to GG. The unification of mechanistic insight into data-driven modeling would help to formulate optimal feeding and process control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nageswar Sahu
- Division of Biotechnology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore 641114, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Biswanath Mahanty
- Division of Biotechnology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore 641114, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Dibyajyoti Haldar
- Division of Biotechnology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore 641114, Tamil Nadu, India.
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2
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Lee OYA, Wong ANN, Ho CY, Tse KW, Chan AZ, Leung GPH, Kwan YW, Yeung MHY. Potentials of Natural Antioxidants in Reducing Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Chronic Kidney Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:751. [PMID: 38929190 PMCID: PMC11201162 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) presents a substantial global public health challenge, with high morbidity and mortality. CKD patients often experience dyslipidaemia and poor glycaemic control, further exacerbating inflammation and oxidative stress in the kidney. If left untreated, these metabolic symptoms can progress to end-stage renal disease, necessitating long-term dialysis or kidney transplantation. Alleviating inflammation responses has become the standard approach in CKD management. Medications such as statins, metformin, and GLP-1 agonists, initially developed for treating metabolic dysregulation, demonstrate promising renal therapeutic benefits. The rising popularity of herbal remedies and supplements, perceived as natural antioxidants, has spurred investigations into their potential efficacy. Notably, lactoferrin, Boerhaavia diffusa, Amauroderma rugosum, and Ganoderma lucidum are known for their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties and may support kidney function preservation. However, the mechanisms underlying the effectiveness of Western medications and herbal remedies in alleviating inflammation and oxidative stress occurring in renal dysfunction are not completely known. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of CKD treatment strategies and renal function preservation and critically discusses the existing literature's limitations whilst offering insight into the potential antioxidant effects of these interventions. This could provide a useful guide for future clinical trials and facilitate the development of effective treatment strategies for kidney functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- On Ying Angela Lee
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China; (O.Y.A.L.)
| | - Alex Ngai Nick Wong
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China; (O.Y.A.L.)
| | - Ching Yan Ho
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China; (O.Y.A.L.)
| | - Ka Wai Tse
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China; (O.Y.A.L.)
| | - Angela Zaneta Chan
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - George Pak-Heng Leung
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China;
| | - Yiu Wa Kwan
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Martin Ho Yin Yeung
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China; (O.Y.A.L.)
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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3
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Chi Y, Jiang Y, Wang Z, Nie X, Luo S. Preparation, structures, and biological functions of rhamnan sulfate from green seaweed of the genus Monostroma: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 249:125964. [PMID: 37487994 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Rhamnan sulfate, a rhamnose-rich sulfated polysaccharide, is present in the cell walls of green seaweed belonging to the genus Monostroma. This macromolecule demonstrates promising therapeutic properties, including anti-coagulant, thrombolytic, anti-viral, anti-obesity, and anti-inflammatory activities, which hold potential applications in food and medical industries. However, rhamnan sulfate has not garnered as much attention from researchers as other seaweed polysaccharides, including alginate, carrageenan, and fucoidan. This review discusses the extraction and purification techniques of rhamnan sulfate, delves into its chemical structures and related elucidation approaches, and provides an overview of its biological functions. Future research should focus on the structure-activity relationship of rhamnan sulfate and the industrial preparation of rhamnan sulfate with a specific homogeneous structure to facilitate its practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhou Chi
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223003, China.
| | - Yanhui Jiang
- Faculty of Electronic Information Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223003, China
| | - Zhaoyu Wang
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223003, China
| | - Xiaobao Nie
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223003, China
| | - Si Luo
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223003, China
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Dev MJ, Warke RG, Warke GM, Mahajan GB, Patil TA, Singhal RS. Advances in fermentative production, purification, characterization and applications of gellan gum. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 359:127498. [PMID: 35724911 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Multiple microbial exopolysaccharides have been reported in recent decade with their structural and functional features. Gellan gum (GG) is among these emerging biopolymers with versatile properties. Low production yield, high downstream cost, and abundant market demand have made GG a high cost material. Hence, an understanding on the various possibilities to develop cost-effective gellan gum bioprocess is desirable. This review focuses on details of upstream and downstream process of GG from an industrial perspective. It emphasizes on GG producing Sphingomonas spp., updates on biosynthesis, strain and media engineering, kinetic modeling, bioreactor design and scale-up considerations. Details of the downstream operations with possible modifications to make it cost-effective and environmentally sustainable have been discussed. The updated regulatory criteria for GG as a food ingredient and analytical tools required to validate the same have been briefly discussed. Derivatives of GG and their applications in various industrial segments have also been highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj J Dev
- Food Engineering and Technology Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Rahul G Warke
- Microbiology Division, Hi-Media Laboratories Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, India
| | - Gangadhar M Warke
- Microbiology Division, Hi-Media Laboratories Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, India
| | - Girish B Mahajan
- Microbiology Division, Hi-Media Laboratories Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, India
| | - Tanuja A Patil
- Microbiology Division, Hi-Media Laboratories Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, India
| | - Rekha S Singhal
- Food Engineering and Technology Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India.
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5
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Cör Andrejč D, Knez Ž, Knez Marevci M. Antioxidant, antibacterial, antitumor, antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and nevro-protective activity of Ganoderma lucidum: An overview. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:934982. [PMID: 35935849 PMCID: PMC9353308 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.934982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Ganoderma lucidum is a very medicinal mushroom that has been utilized in Oriental medicine for many years. It has a wide range of pharmacological and therapeutic properties, and has been used for many years as a health promoter. It contains various biologically active compounds that improve the immune system and have antioxidant, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, and antimicrobial properties. Active compounds include triterpenoids and polysaccharides, as well as proteins, lipids, phenolics, sterols, etc. In the following review, we summarize briefly their biological activities, such as antioxidant, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, antitumor, anti-viral, and anti-inflammatory activity. Although Ganoderma has a number of medicinal effects that have been confirmed by the in vitro and in vivo studies summarised in this review, there are some limitations. Clinical trials face mainly a lack of pure constituents. Accurate identification of the compounds obtained is also problematic. In addition, most of the included studies were small, and there were concerns about the methodological quality of each study. Studies have shown that Ganoderma has valuable potential for the prevention and treatment of cancer. In any case, G. lucidum cannot be used as first-line therapy for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Željko Knez
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Maribor, Slovenia.,Laboratory Faculty of Medicine, Maribor, Slovenia
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Astragalus Polysaccharides/PVA Nanofiber Membranes Containing Astragaloside IV-Loaded Liposomes and Their Potential Use for Wound Healing. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:9716271. [PMID: 35600951 PMCID: PMC9117023 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9716271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Delayed wound healing is a common and serious complication in diabetic patients, especially the slow healing of foot ulcers, which seriously affects the quality of life of patients and is also the most important risk factor for lower limb amputation. The multifunctional novel dressing prepared by loading the polymer nanofibers with anti-inflammatory and prohealing plant extracts can promote the wound repair of these ulcers by electrospinning technology. Liposomes are nanoparticles prepared from phospholipids and have been widely used as drug delivery systems. Liposomes can be combined with electrospun nanofibrous webs to facilitate local and sustained delivery of loaded bioactive substances. In this study, liposomes were prepared with astragaloside IV (AS) by employing a modified ethanol injection method and conducting the physical and chemical characterization (e.g., the particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, and entrapment efficiency). Astragalus polysaccharides were extracted from Astragalus membranaceus. Subsequently, we prepared the electrospun polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/astragalus polysaccharide (APS)/astragaloside IV (AS) nanofibers. The morphology of the produced ASL/APS/PVA, APS/PVA, and PVA nanofibers were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and it turns out that the addition of astragalus extract made the fiber diameter smaller and the fibers arranged neatly with no dripping. An induced diabetic rat model was built, and a diabetic ulcer model was built by total cortical resection to assess the prorepair ability of the prepared nanofibers. According to in vivo animal experiments, the nanofibrous membrane loaded with APS and ASL was reported to inhibit the occurrence of wound inflammation, enhance the deposition of collagen fibers (P < 0.05) and the repair of regenerated epithelium (P < 0.05), and effectively strengthen the wound healing of diabetic rats (P < 0.05). In brief, PVA-loaded APS/ASL nanofibrous membranes refer to a prominent wound healing dressing material, which can effectively facilitate the healing of diabetic wounds, and they are demonstrated to be highly promising for application in diabetic wound dressings and tissue engineering.
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Kamer DDA, Gumus T, Palabiyik I, Demirci AS, Oksuz O. The fermentation-based production of gellan from rice bran and the evaluation of various qualitative properties of gum. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 207:841-849. [PMID: 35358576 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.03.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The potential for the use of rice bran, an agricultural waste, as a substrate in the manufacture of gellan gum was examined. Using a standard strain of Sphingomonas paucimobilis (ATCC 31461) and rice bran substrate, gellan gum was produced under optimized conditions. The optimal yield of gellan gum using rice bran substrate was found to be 11.96 g L-1 with 5% glucose, 10% inoculum, and a mixing speed of 300 rpm. Native gum was found to have a consistency index of 2.00 Pa.sn. The viscosity of the gum was found to be extremely stable when exposed to thermal stress. Concerning the rheological characteristics, the Herschel-Bulkley model offered a more realistic representation of the flow characteristics of gum solutions. The synthesized gums were mostly composed of glucose, rhamnose, and glucuronic acid. The acetic acid content of gellan gums was 2.95%, while the molecular weight was 2.88 × 105 Da. Characterization of native gellan gums by UV-Vis spectroscopy, SEM, TEM and FTIR spectroscopy is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tuncay Gumus
- Department of Food Engineering, Tekirdag Namik Kemal University, 59030 Tekirdag, Turkey.
| | - Ibrahim Palabiyik
- Department of Food Engineering, Tekirdag Namik Kemal University, 59030 Tekirdag, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Sukru Demirci
- Department of Food Engineering, Tekirdag Namik Kemal University, 59030 Tekirdag, Turkey
| | - Omer Oksuz
- Department of Food Engineering, Tekirdag Namik Kemal University, 59030 Tekirdag, Turkey
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Preparation and Characterization of Polysaccharide-Based Hydrogels for Cutaneous Wound Healing. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14091716. [PMID: 35566885 PMCID: PMC9105569 DOI: 10.3390/polym14091716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural hydrogels are growing in interest as a priority for wound healing. Plant polysaccharides have a variety of biological pharmacological activities, and chitosan hydrogels have proven strong antimicrobial effects, but hydrogels prepared with polysaccharides alone have certain deficiencies. Polysaccharides from flowers of Lonicera japonica Thunb. (LP) and the aerial parts of Mentha canadensis L. (MP) were extracted and oxidized by sodium periodate (NaIO4) and then cross-linked with oxidized-carboxymethylated chitosan (O-CCS) to develop oxidized plant- polysaccharides-chitosan hydrogels (OPHs). SEM observation showed that OPHs had porous interior structures with interconnecting pores. The OPHs showed good swelling, water-retention ability, blood coagulation, cytocompatibility properties, and low cytotoxicity (classed as grade 1 according to United States Pharmacopoeia), which met the requirements for wound dressings. Then the cutaneous wound-healing effect was evaluated in BALB/C mice model, after 7 days treatment, the wound-closure rate of OPHs groups were all greater than 50%, and after 14 days, all were greater than 90%, while the value of the control group was only 72.6%. Of them, OPH-2 and OPH-3 were more favorable to the wound-healing process, as the promotion was more significant. The plant polysaccharides and CS-based hydrogel should be a candidate for cutaneous wound dressings.
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Nejadmansouri M, Razmjooei M, Safdarianghomsheh R, Shad E, Delvigne F, Khalesi M. Semi-continuous production of xanthan in biofilm reactor using Xanthomonas campestris. J Biotechnol 2021; 328:1-11. [PMID: 33453292 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2021.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Semi-continuous production of xanthan gum using self-immobilized Xanthomonas campestris cells in biofilm reactors was studied. Fermentation was carried out using two different designs of biofilm reactor equipped with a) stainless-steel support (SSS) and b) polyethylene support (PES). Fermentation was performed in three cycles with refreshing the media at the beginning of each: cycle 1, 0-27 h; cycle 2, 27-54 h; and cycle 3, 54-78.5 h. Results showed that the glucose consumption and the pH reduction in the PES biofilm reactor was faster compared to the SSS biofilm reactor. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the SSS was capable to immobilize more cells during the growth of X. campestris. The maximum concentration of xanthan gum in the SSS biofilm reactor obtained after 27 h (3.47 ± 0.71 g/L), while the maximum concentration of xanthan in the PES biofilm reactor obtained after 78.5 h (3.21 ± 0.68 g/L). Thermal stability analysis of xanthan using differential scanning calorimetry showed the presence of two fractures attributed to dehydration and degradation of polymer. The thermogram represented both endothermal and exothermal behaviour of xanthan polymer. Furthermore, the functional groups and molecular structure of the xanthan produced in this study was evaluated using Fourier transform infrared spectrometry and also proton nuclear magnetic resonance. in addition, the surface tension of (0.2 %, w/v) xanthan gum solution was in a range of 52.16-56.5 mN/m. Rheological analysis of xanthan showed that the G' values were higher than the G″ in all frequencies demonstrating a relatively high elasticity of the produced xanthan gum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Nejadmansouri
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Razmjooei
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Safdarianghomsheh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ehsan Shad
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Frank Delvigne
- Microbial Processes and Interactions (MiPI), TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Mohammadreza Khalesi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Biological Sciences, School of Natural Science, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
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Tiwari ON, Sasmal S, Kataria AK, Devi I. Application of microbial extracellular carbohydrate polymeric substances in food and allied industries. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:221. [PMID: 32355595 PMCID: PMC7188750 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02200-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) are biopolymers, composed of polysaccharides, nucleic acids, proteins and lipids, which possess unique functional properties. Despite significant strides made in chemical production processes for polymers, the niche occupied by exopolysaccharides produced by bacteria, yeast or algae is steadily growing in its importance. With the availability of modern tools, a lot of information has been generated on the physico-chemical and biological properties using spectrometric tools, while advanced microscopic techniques have provided valuable insights into the structural-functional aspects. The size of EPS generally ranges between 10 and 10,000 kDa. The wide spectra of applications of EPS as adhesives, stabilizer, gelling, suspending, thickening agent, and surfactants in food and pharmaceutical industries are observed. The health benefits of these EPS enable the improvement of dual function, added value, and green products. This review summarizes previous work on the structural composition, rheological and thermal behaviour, and biosynthetic pathways of EPS and bioprocesses developed for their production. This review also considers each of the above factors and presents the current knowledge on the importance and refinement of available downstream protocols and genetic engineering towards specific food applications, which can help to diversify their prospects in different food and allied industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onkar Nath Tiwari
- Centre for Conservation and Utilization of Blue Green Algae, Division of Microbiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - Soumya Sasmal
- Department of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Netaji Subhas University of Technology, New Delhi, 110078 India
| | - Ajay Kumar Kataria
- Department of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Netaji Subhas University of Technology, New Delhi, 110078 India
| | - Indrama Devi
- DBT-Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Imphal, Manipur 795001 India
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Huang J, Zhu S, Li C, Zhang C, Ji Y. Cost-effective optimization of gellan gum production by Sphingomonas paucimobilis using corn steep liquor. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 50:191-197. [PMID: 31738649 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2019.1692215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Gellan gum, produced by Sphingomonas paucimobilis, is increasingly used in food and pharmaceutical industries as stabilizing, emulsifying, texturing and gelling agents. However, its high production costs may limit its full commercial potential. Therefore, in this study, we investigated ways to reduce gellan gum production costs and improve yields. We first revealed corn steep liquor (CSL) as a cost-effective nutrient source that can improve gellan gum yields. We then systematically optimized culture conditions even further, and revealed that the addition of Triton X-100 surfactant and selected inorganic nitrogen sources improved gellan gum production. Under our optimized conditions (glucose 33.75 g/L, CSL 10 g/L, urea 2.5 g/L, MgSO4 1.08 g/L, KH2PO4 3.24 g/L, K2SO4 1 g/L and Triton X-100 0.75 g/L), we yielded a maximum concentration of 14.41 g/L, which was about 1.5-fold higher than non-optimized CSL-based medium. Our findings highlight the use of CSL as a cost effective and promising nutrient source for industrial production of gellan gum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Huang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shengquan Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chuanbao Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenglin Zhang
- Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Microbial Metabolism and Fermentation Process Control, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Yizhi Ji
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biomass Waste Resource Utilization, College of Biochemistry and Engineering, Beijing Union University, Beijing, P. R. China
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12
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Zeng X, Li P, Chen X, Kang Y, Xie Y, Li X, Xie T, Zhang Y. Effects of deproteinization methods on primary structure and antioxidant activity of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 126:867-876. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.12.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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Barcelos MCS, Vespermann KAC, Pelissari FM, Molina G. Current status of biotechnological production and applications of microbial exopolysaccharides. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:1475-1495. [PMID: 30740985 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1575791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Microbial exopolysaccharides (EPS) are an abundant and important group of compounds that can be secreted by bacteria, fungi and algae. The biotechnological production of these substances represents a faster alternative when compared to chemical and plant-derived production with the possibility of using industrial wastes as substrates, a feasible strategy after a comprehensive study of factors that may affect the synthesis by the chosen microorganism and desirable final product. Another possible difficulty could be the extraction and purification methods, a crucial part of the production of microbial polysaccharides, since different methods should be adopted. In this sense, this review aims to present the biotechnological production of microbial exopolysaccharides, exploring the production steps, optimization processes and current applications of these relevant bioproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayara C S Barcelos
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology - Food Engineering, Institute of Science and Technology - UFVJM - Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Kele A C Vespermann
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology - Food Engineering, Institute of Science and Technology - UFVJM - Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Franciele M Pelissari
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology - Food Engineering, Institute of Science and Technology - UFVJM - Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Molina
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology - Food Engineering, Institute of Science and Technology - UFVJM - Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Liang Y, Zhu L, Gao M, Wu J, Zhan X. Effective production of biologically active water-soluble β-1,3-glucan by a coupled system of Agrobacterium sp. and Trichoderma harzianum. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 48:446-456. [PMID: 29561218 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2018.1452259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Water-soluble β-1,3-glucan (w-glucan) prepared from curdlan is reported to possess various bioactive and medicinal properties. To develop an efficient and cost-effective microbial fermentation method for the direct production of w-glucan, a coupled fermentation system of Agrobacterium sp. and Trichoderma harzianum (CFS-AT) was established. The effects of Tween-80, glucose flow rate, and the use of a dissolved oxygen (DO) control strategy on w-glucan production were assessed. The addition of 10 g L-1 Tween-80 to the CFS-AT enhanced w-glucan production, presumably by loosening the curdlan ultrastructure and increasing the efficiency of curdlan hydrolysis. A two-stage glucose and DO control strategy was optimal for w-glucan production. At the T. harzianum cell growth stage, the optimal glucose flow rate and agitation speed were 2.0 g L-1 hr-1 and 600 rpm, respectively, and at the w-glucan production stage, they were 0.5 g L-1 hr-1 and 400 rpm, respectively. W-glucan production reached 17.31 g L-1, with a degree of polymerization of 19-25. Furthermore, w-glucan at high concentrations exhibited anti-tumor activity against MCF-7, HepG2, and Hela cancer cells in vitro. This study provides a novel, cost-effective, eco-friendly, and efficient microbial fermentation method for the direct production of biologically active w-glucan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liang
- a Ministry of Education, Key Lab Carbohydrate Chemical and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi , Jiangsu , China
| | - Li Zhu
- b Jiangsu Rayguang Biotech Co. Ltd. , Wuxi , Jiangsu , China
| | - Minjie Gao
- a Ministry of Education, Key Lab Carbohydrate Chemical and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi , Jiangsu , China
| | - Jianrong Wu
- a Ministry of Education, Key Lab Carbohydrate Chemical and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi , Jiangsu , China
| | - Xiaobei Zhan
- a Ministry of Education, Key Lab Carbohydrate Chemical and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi , Jiangsu , China
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15
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Recent advances in endophytic exopolysaccharides: Production, structural characterization, physiological role and biological activity. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 157:1113-1124. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.10.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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16
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Alves VD, Torres CAV, Freitas F. Bacterial polymers as materials for the development of micro/nanoparticles. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2015.1103239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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17
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Peng Y, Han B, Liu W, Zhou R. Deproteinization and structural characterization of bioactive exopolysaccharides fromGanoderma sinensemycelium. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2015.1086375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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18
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Astragulus polysaccharide-loaded fibrous mats promote the restoration of microcirculation in/around skin wounds to accelerate wound healing in a diabetic rat model. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015; 136:111-8. [PMID: 26370325 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering scaffolds (TES) can carry numerous biomacromolecules and cells, and they have been widely used in diabetic skin wound healing with positive effects. However, the bioactive retention of biomacromolecules and cells during fabrication and storage is still a factor restricting their use. Moreover, impaired blood supply in/around poorly healing diabetic skin wounds has not been considered. In the present study, a bioactive natural substance of Astragalus polysaccharide (APS), which has stable and confirmed effects on endothelial protection, was embedded into fibrous TES by electrospinning. The administration of APS-loaded TES on the skin wound in a diabetic rat model led to a dose-dependent promotion in skin blood flow around wounds and an increase in endoglin expression and microvessel density in regenerated skin tissues. Furthermore, the higher loading of APS in TES led to faster collagen synthesis, appendage and epidermal differentiation, and wound closure. In summary, the combination of APS with TES is a potentially novel therapeutic strategy for diabetic skin wound healing, as it not only mimics the ultrastructure of extracellular matrixes but also restores skin microcirculation.
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Zhang L, Guo L, Ding J, Lu Y, Zhang Y, Chen Y. Folate-decorated Polysaccharide-doxorubicin Polymer: Synthesis, Characterization, and Activity in HeLa Cells. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.10386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- School of Life Sciences; Anhui University; Hefei 230601 PR China
| | - Lulu Guo
- School of Life Sciences; Anhui University; Hefei 230601 PR China
| | - Jingna Ding
- Anqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College; Anqing 246052 PR China
| | - Yongming Lu
- School of Life Sciences; Anhui University; Hefei 230601 PR China
| | - Yaping Zhang
- School of Life Sciences; Anhui University; Hefei 230601 PR China
| | - Yan Chen
- School of Life Sciences; Anhui University; Hefei 230601 PR China
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20
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Roca C, Alves VD, Freitas F, Reis MAM. Exopolysaccharides enriched in rare sugars: bacterial sources, production, and applications. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:288. [PMID: 25914689 PMCID: PMC4392319 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial extracellular polysaccharides (EPS), produced by a wide range of bacteria, are high molecular weight biopolymers, presenting an extreme diversity in terms of chemical structure and composition. They may be used in many applications, depending on their chemical and physical properties. A rather unexplored aspect is the presence of rare sugars in the composition of some EPS. Rare sugars, such as rhamnose or fucose, may provide EPS with additional biological properties compared to those composed of more common sugar monomers. This review gives a brief overview of these specific EPS and their producing bacteria. Cultivation conditions are summarized, demonstrating their impact on the EPS composition, together with downstream processing. Finally, their use in different areas, including cosmetics, food products, pharmaceuticals, and biomedical applications, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Roca
- Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences, Rede de Química e Tecnologia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa , Caparica, Portugal
| | - Vitor D Alves
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa , Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Filomena Freitas
- Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences, Rede de Química e Tecnologia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa , Caparica, Portugal
| | - Maria A M Reis
- Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences, Rede de Química e Tecnologia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa , Caparica, Portugal
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21
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22
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Chen Y, Mao W, Wang H, Zhu W, Niu Q, Fang X, Li T. Structure elucidation of a galactofuranose-rich heteropolysaccharide from aciduric fungus penicillium purpurogenum JS03-21. Glycoconj J 2015; 32:29-37. [DOI: 10.1007/s10719-014-9568-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2014] [Revised: 11/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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23
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Neves SC, Gomes DB, Sousa A, Bidarra SJ, Petrini P, Moroni L, Barrias CC, Granja PL. Biofunctionalized pectin hydrogels as 3D cellular microenvironments. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:2096-2108. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tb00885e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Pectin hydrogels were prepared by internal ionotropic gelation and explored as MSC delivery vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara C. Neves
- INEB – Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica
- Universidade do Porto
- 4150-180 Porto
- Portugal
- FEUP – Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto
| | - David B. Gomes
- INEB – Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica
- Universidade do Porto
- 4150-180 Porto
- Portugal
- FEUP – Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto
| | - Aureliana Sousa
- INEB – Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica
- Universidade do Porto
- 4150-180 Porto
- Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde
| | - Sílvia J. Bidarra
- INEB – Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica
- Universidade do Porto
- 4150-180 Porto
- Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde
| | - Paola Petrini
- Laboratorio di Biomateriali
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica ‘G. Natta’
- Unità di Ricerca Consorzio INSTM
- Politecnico di Milano
| | - Lorenzo Moroni
- Department of Tissue Regeneration
- MIRA – Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine
- University of Twente
- 7522 NB Enschede
- The Netherlands
| | - Cristina C. Barrias
- INEB – Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica
- Universidade do Porto
- 4150-180 Porto
- Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde
| | - Pedro L. Granja
- INEB – Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica
- Universidade do Porto
- 4150-180 Porto
- Portugal
- FEUP – Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto
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24
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Grün CH, Sanders P, van der Burg M, Schuurbiers E, van Adrichem L, van Velzen EJ, de Roo N, Brunt K, Westphal Y, Schols HA. Strategy to identify and quantify polysaccharide gums in gelled food concentrates. Food Chem 2015; 166:42-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.05.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Revised: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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25
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Xu L, Li LC, Zhao P, Qi LW, Li P, Gao J, Fei GH. Total polysaccharide of Yupingfeng protects against bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis via inhibiting transforming growth factor-β1-mediated type I collagen abnormal deposition in rats. J Pharm Pharmacol 2014; 66:1786-95. [PMID: 25209833 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objective
This study was to explore the antifibrotic effect and the possible mechanism of total polysaccharides of Yupingfeng (YPF-P) on bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats.
Methods
Pulmonary fibrosis was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by BLM (5 mg/kg), killed 14 and 28 days after BLM administration by abdominal aorta exsanguination and removed the lungs. Lung coefficient was counted at the same time. Besides, H&E and Masson's trichrome staining for histopathological changes of lung tissues were observed. Additionally, western blotting and immunohistochemical staining techniques were used to detect expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), type I collagen (Col-I) and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). Finally, the levels of Col-I and hydroxyproline (HYP) in lung tissues were also utilized.
Key findings
YPF-P alleviated the increase of lung coefficient induced by BLM instillation in pulmonary fibrosis rat, pathologic changes and collagen distribution were obviously ameliorated, while the increase of α-SMA-positive cells and TGF-β1 expression was prevented after YPF-P treatment. Moreover, the contents of HYP and Col-I were decreased in YPF-P group.
Conclusions
YPF-P had antifibrotic effect in experiment, which may reduce the synthesis and promote the deposition of Col-I via suppressing the increase of TGF-β1-mediated activation of myofibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Third-Grade Pharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM-2009-202), Pharmaceutical Preparation Section, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Liu-cheng Li
- Third-Grade Pharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM-2009-202), Pharmaceutical Preparation Section, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ping Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Third-Grade Pharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM-2009-202), Pharmaceutical Preparation Section, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Lian-wen Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Gao
- Third-Grade Pharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM-2009-202), Pharmaceutical Preparation Section, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Guang-he Fei
- Third-Grade Pharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM-2009-202), Pharmaceutical Preparation Section, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Isolation, Characterization, and Biological Activities of Polysaccharides from Medicinal Plants and Mushrooms. STUDIES IN NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63281-4.00005-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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27
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Freitas F, Alves VD, Reis MA, Crespo JG, Coelhoso IM. Microbial polysaccharide-based membranes: Current and future applications. J Appl Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/app.40047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Filomena Freitas
- Chemistry Department; REQUIMTE/CQFB, FCT/Universidade Nova de Lisboa; 2829-516 Caparica Portugal
| | - Vítor D. Alves
- CEER-Biosystems Engineering; ISA/University of Lisbon; Tapada da Ajuda 1349-017 Lisboa Portugal
| | - Maria A. Reis
- Chemistry Department; REQUIMTE/CQFB, FCT/Universidade Nova de Lisboa; 2829-516 Caparica Portugal
| | - João G. Crespo
- Chemistry Department; REQUIMTE/CQFB, FCT/Universidade Nova de Lisboa; 2829-516 Caparica Portugal
| | - Isabel M. Coelhoso
- Chemistry Department; REQUIMTE/CQFB, FCT/Universidade Nova de Lisboa; 2829-516 Caparica Portugal
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28
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Freitas F, Alves V, Coelhoso I, Reis M. Production and Food Applications of Microbial Biopolymers. CONTEMPORARY FOOD ENGINEERING 2013. [DOI: 10.1201/b15426-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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29
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Yingling B, Li C, Honglin W, Zongcheng Y. Application of an integrated statistical design to optimize the cold enzyme hydrolysis conditions for ethanol production. Biochem Eng J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2013.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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30
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An effective method for deproteinization of bioactive polysaccharides extracted from lingzhi (Ganoderma atrum). Food Sci Biotechnol 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-012-0024-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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31
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Chua M, Chan K, Hocking TJ, Williams PA, Perry CJ, Baldwin TC. Methodologies for the extraction and analysis of konjac glucomannan from corms of Amorphophallus konjac K. Koch. Carbohydr Polym 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.10.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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32
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Jiang H, Sun P, He J, Shao P. Rapid purification of polysaccharides using novel radial flow ion-exchange by response surface methodology from Ganoderma lucidum. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2010.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Optimization of fermentation conditions and rheological properties of exopolysaccharide produced by deep-sea bacterium Zunongwangia profunda SM-A87. PLoS One 2011; 6:e26825. [PMID: 22096500 PMCID: PMC3214017 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2011] [Accepted: 10/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Zunongwangia profunda SM-A87 isolated from deep-sea sediment can secrete large quantity of exopolysaccharide (EPS). Response surface methodology was applied to optimize the culture conditions for EPS production. Single-factor experiment showed that lactose was the best carbon source. Based on the Plackett–Burman design, lactose, peptone and temperature were selected as significant variables, which were further optimized by the steepest ascent (descent) method and central composite design. The optimal culture conditions for EPS production and broth viscosity were determined as 32.21 g/L lactose, 8.87 g/L peptone and an incubation temperature of 9.8°C. Under these conditions, the maximum EPS yield and broth viscosity were 8.90 g/L and 6551 mPa•s, respectively, which is the first report of such high yield of EPS from a marine bacterium. The aqueous solution of the EPS displayed high viscosity, interesting shearing thinning property and great tolerance to high temperature, a wide range of pH, and high salinity.
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34
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Freitas F, Alves VD, Reis MA. Advances in bacterial exopolysaccharides: from production to biotechnological applications. Trends Biotechnol 2011; 29:388-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2011.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 482] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2010] [Revised: 03/28/2011] [Accepted: 03/30/2011] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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35
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Wang Y, Wu ZL, Lu K, Sun YJ. Study on Technology of Simultaneous Removal of Copper Ion and Crystal Violet in Aqueous Solution by Foam Separation. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2010.550080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Wang JJ, Li J, Shi L, Lv XW, Cheng WM, Chen YY. Preventive effects of a fractioned polysaccharide from a traditional Chinese herbal medical formula (Yu Ping Feng San) on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic fibrosis. J Pharm Pharmacol 2011; 62:935-42. [PMID: 20636883 DOI: 10.1211/jpp.62.07.0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study was to investigate the prevention effects and possible mechanism of Yu Ping Feng San fractioned polysaccharide (YPF-P) on CCl(4)-induced liver fibrosis in rats. METHODS YPF-P was prepared from root of Astragalus membranaceus, rhizome of Atractylodes macrocephaia and root of Raidix saposhnikoviae, and compared with polysaccharide from root of Astragalus membranaceus (AP). Hepatic fibrosis was induced by subcutaneous injection with carbon tetrachloride twice weekly for 12 weeks in Sprague-Dawley rats. YPF-P, AP and colchicine were administered intragastrically daily to carbon tetrachloride-treated rats. Histopathological changes of the liver and hepatic stellate cells were evaluated by Masson staining and transmission electron microscopy, respectively. Markers of fibrosis were determined by radioimmunoassay, biochemistry assay and ELISA. The mRNA expressions of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13), procollagen I and collagen III were detected by RT-PCR. KEY FINDINGS YPF-P dose-dependently alleviated the degree of liver fibrosis and inhibited hepatic stellate cell transformation into myofibroblast-like cells, markedly reduced the elevated levels of hyaluronic acid, laminin, type IV collagen, type III procollagen, hydroxyproline and transforming growth factor beta-1, suppressed procollagen I, collagen III and TIMP-1 expression, and improved the TIMP-1/MMP-13 ratio. MMP-13 expression was only promoted moderately by YPF-P. Compared with AP, YPF-P showed more potency on most markers except laminin, type IV collagen and MMP-13 mRNA. CONCLUSIONS YPF-P prevented the progress of rat liver fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride and had a more potent preventative effect. The preventative effect may be associated with the ability of YPF-P to inhibit the synthesis of matrix collagen and balance the TIMP/MMP system.
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Sugar compositional determination of polysaccharides from Dunaliella salina by modified RP-HPLC method of precolumn derivatization with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone. Carbohydr Polym 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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38
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Yeh CH, Chen HC, Yang JJ, Chuang WI, Sheu F. Polysaccharides PS-G and protein LZ-8 from Reishi (Ganoderma lucidum) exhibit diverse functions in regulating murine macrophages and T lymphocytes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:8535-8544. [PMID: 20681640 DOI: 10.1021/jf100914m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Bioactive components in Ganoderma lucidum mainly include polysaccharides (PS-G) and immunomodulatory protein Ling Zhi-8 (LZ-8). These components may have diverse regulatory functions in the immune system. However, the PS-G preparations from different procedures still contained partial LZ-8 residue, indicating that the specific target and regulating function of PS-G and LZ-8 were not fully understood. In the present study, PS-G was subjected to 15% TCA for removing proteins and the LZ-8 detection using anti-LZ-8 monoclonal antibodies showed a remarkable 89.7% protein reduction of the deproteinized PS-G (dpPS-G). The Saccharomyces cerevisiae which expressed recombinant LZ-8 protein (rLZ-8) without glycosylation was generated and then compared with dpPS-G in the induction toward murine primary macrophage and T lymphocytic cells. The peritoneal macrophages from TLR4-deficient and wild type mice revealed that TLR4 was a putative receptor of dpPS-G, mediating the TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IL-12p70 cytokine production and CD86, MHC II expression on macrophages, while rLZ-8 enhanced the production of IL-1beta, IL-12p70, CD86, and MHC II expression by another obscure route. rLZ-8-treated macrophages enhanced the release of IFN-gamma and IL-2 by murine CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, whereas dpPS-G treatment did not enhance the release of IFN-gamma and IL-2. Furthermore, although the direct rLZ-8-treatment conduced dramatic CD154, CD44 expression on CD3(+) T cells and increased IL-2, IFN-gamma secretion on CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, the dpPS-G was incapable of priming CD3(+), CD4(+) or CD8(+) T cells unitarily. Taken together, these results demonstrated that LZ-8 could activate murine macrophages and T lymphocytes but PS-G was merely the activator for macrophages, suggesting their diverse roles in activating the innate and adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Hao Yeh
- Department of Horticulture, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10673, Taiwan, ROC
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Liu J, Luo J, Sun Y, Ye H, Lu Z, Zeng X. A simple method for the simultaneous decoloration and deproteinization of crude levan extract from Paenibacillus polymyxa EJS-3 by macroporous resin. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2010; 101:6077-6083. [PMID: 20346649 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2009] [Revised: 02/20/2010] [Accepted: 03/06/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A simple method for the simultaneous decoloration and deproteinization of crude levan extract from the endophytic bacterium Paenibacillus polymyxa EJS-3 was developed through static and dynamic adsorption tests of macroporous resins. S-8 resin demonstrated the highest decoloration and deproteinization ratios among various resins tested. Under optimized static adsorption conditions (pH 6.0, 35 degrees C and adsorption time of 70 min), the ratios of decoloration, deproteinization and polysaccharide recovery for S-8 resin were 76.8%, 78.9% and 69.0%, respectively. Under optimized dynamic adsorption condition (flow rate of 2 BV/h, 160 ml of 2.5mg/ml crude levan extract), higher ratios of decoloration, deproteinization and polysaccharide recovery for S-8 resin (84.6%, 91.7% and 81.3%, respectively) were observed. The method developed will provide a potential approach for large-scale production of levan from P.polymyxa EJS-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
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Wang X, Gai Z, Yu B, Feng J, Xu C, Yuan Y, Lin Z, Xu P. Degradation of carbazole by microbial cells immobilized in magnetic gellan gum gel beads. Appl Environ Microbiol 2007; 73:6421-8. [PMID: 17827304 PMCID: PMC2075067 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01051-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2007] [Accepted: 08/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic heterocycles, such as carbazole, are environmental contaminants suspected of posing human health risks. In this study, we investigated the degradation of carbazole by immobilized Sphingomonas sp. strain XLDN2-5 cells. Four kinds of polymers were evaluated as immobilization supports for Sphingomonas sp. strain XLDN2-5. After comparison with agar, alginate, and kappa-carrageenan, gellan gum was selected as the optimal immobilization support. Furthermore, Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticles were prepared by a coprecipitation method, and the average particle size was about 20 nm with 49.65-electromagnetic-unit (emu) g(-1) saturation magnetization. When the mixture of gellan gel and the Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticles served as an immobilization support, the magnetically immobilized cells were prepared by an ionotropic method. The biodegradation experiments were carried out by employing free cells, nonmagnetically immobilized cells, and magnetically immobilized cells in aqueous phase. The results showed that the magnetically immobilized cells presented higher carbazole biodegradation activity than nonmagnetically immobilized cells and free cells. The highest biodegradation activity was obtained when the concentration of Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticles was 9 mg ml(-1) and the saturation magnetization of magnetically immobilized cells was 11.08 emu g(-1). Additionally, the recycling experiments demonstrated that the degradation activity of magnetically immobilized cells increased gradually during the eight recycles. These results support developing efficient biocatalysts using magnetically immobilized cells and provide a promising technique for improving biocatalysts used in the biodegradation of not only carbazole, but also other hazardous organic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
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