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Božič K, Sedlar A, Kralj Š, Černigoj U, Štrancar A, Sekirnik R. Selective hydrophobic interaction chromatography for high purity of supercoiled DNA plasmids. Biotechnol Bioeng 2024; 121:1739-1749. [PMID: 38351874 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
High purity of plasmid DNA (pDNA), particularly in supercoiled isoform (SC), is used for various biopharmaceutical applications, such as a transfecting agent for production of gene therapy viral vectors, for pDNA vaccines, or as a precursor for linearized form that serves as a template for mRNA synthesis. In clinical manufacturing, pDNA is commonly extracted from Escherichia coli cells with alkaline lysis followed by anion exchange chromatography or tangential flow filtration as a capture step for pDNA. Both methods remove a high degree of host cell contaminants but are unable to generically discriminate between SC and open-circular (OC) pDNA isoforms, as well as other DNA impurities, such as genomic DNA (gDNA). Hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) is commonly used as polishing purification for pDNA. We developed HIC-based polishing purification methodology that is highly selective for enrichment of SC pDNA. It is generic with respect to plasmid size, scalable, and GMP compatible. The technique uses ammonium sulfate, a kosmotropic salt, at a concentration selective for SC pDNA binding to a butyl monolith column, while OC pDNA and gDNA are removed in flow-through. The approach is validated on multiple adeno-associated virus- and mRNA-encoding plasmids ranging from 3 to 12 kbp. We show good scalability to at least 300 mg of >95% SC pDNA, thus paving the way to increase the quality of genomic medicines that utilize pDNA as a key raw material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klemen Božič
- Sartorius BIA Separations d.o.o., Ajdovščina, Slovenia
| | - Ajda Sedlar
- Sartorius BIA Separations d.o.o., Ajdovščina, Slovenia
| | - Špela Kralj
- Sartorius BIA Separations d.o.o., Ajdovščina, Slovenia
| | - Urh Černigoj
- Sartorius BIA Separations d.o.o., Ajdovščina, Slovenia
| | - Aleš Štrancar
- Sartorius BIA Separations d.o.o., Ajdovščina, Slovenia
| | - Rok Sekirnik
- Sartorius BIA Separations d.o.o., Ajdovščina, Slovenia
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Sufian MA, Ilies MA. Lipid-based nucleic acid therapeutics with in vivo efficacy. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 15:e1856. [PMID: 36180107 PMCID: PMC10023279 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic vectors for therapeutic nucleic acid delivery are currently competing significantly with their viral counter parts due to their reduced immunogenicity, large payload capacity, and ease of manufacture under GMP-compliant norms. The approval of Onpattro, a lipid-based siRNA therapeutic, and the proven clinical success of two lipid-based COVID-19 vaccines from Pfizer-BioNTech, and Moderna heralded the specific advantages of lipid-based systems among all other synthetic nucleic acid carriers. Lipid-based systems with diverse payloads-plasmid DNA (pDNA), antisense oligonucleotide (ASO), small interfering RNA (siRNA), microRNA (miRNA), small activating RNA (saRNA), and messenger RNA (mRNA)-are now becoming a mature technology, with growing impact in the clinic. Research over four decades identified the key factors determining the therapeutic success of these multi-component systems. Here, we discuss the main nucleic acid-based technologies, presenting their mechanism of action, delivery barriers facing them, the structural properties of the payload as well as the component lipids that regulate physicochemical properties, pharmacokinetics and biodistribution, efficacy, and toxicity of the resultant nanoparticles. We further detail on the formulation parameters, evolution of the manufacturing techniques that generate reproducible and scalable outputs, and key manufacturing aspects that enable control over physicochemical properties of the resultant particles. Preclinical applications of some of these formulations that were successfully translated from in vitro studies to animal models are subsequently discussed. Finally, clinical success and failure of these systems starting from 1993 to present are highlighted, in a holistic literature review focused on lipid-based nucleic acid delivery systems. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease Toxicology and Regulatory Issues in Nanomedicine > Toxicology of Nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Abu Sufian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Moulder Center for Drug Discovery Research, School of Pharmacy, Temple University, 3307 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Marc A. Ilies
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Moulder Center for Drug Discovery Research, School of Pharmacy, Temple University, 3307 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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Influence of DNA Type on the Physicochemical and Biological Properties of Polyplexes Based on Star Polymers Bearing Different Amino Functionalities. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15040894. [PMID: 36850178 PMCID: PMC9966362 DOI: 10.3390/polym15040894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The interactions of two star polymers based on poly (2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) with different types of nucleic acids are investigated. The star polymers differ only in their functionality to bear protonable amino or permanently charged quaternary ammonium groups, while DNAs of different molar masses, lengths and topologies are used. The main physicochemical parameters of the resulting polyplexes are determined. The influence of the polymer' functionality and length and topology of the DNA on the structure and properties of the polyelectrolyte complexes is established. The quaternized polymer is characterized by a high binding affinity to DNA and formed strongly positively charged, compact and tight polyplexes. The parent, non-quaternized polymer exhibits an enhanced buffering capacity and weakened polymer/DNA interactions, particularly upon the addition of NaCl, resulting in the formation of less compact and tight polyplexes. The cytotoxic evaluation of the systems indicates that they are sparing with respect to the cell lines studied including osteosarcoma, osteoblast and human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells and exhibit good biocompatibility. Transfection experiments reveal that the non-quaternized polymer is effective at transferring DNA into cells, which is attributed to its high buffering capacity, facilitating the endo-lysosomal escape of the polyplex, the loose structure of the latter one and weakened polymer/DNA interactions, benefitting the DNA release.
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Wong YC, Osahor A, Al-Ajli FOM, Narayanan K. Large BACs transfect more efficiently in circular topology. Anal Biochem 2021; 630:114324. [PMID: 34363787 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2021.114324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The effect of DNA topology on transfection efficiency of mammalian cells has been widely tested on plasmids smaller than 10 kb, but little is known for larger DNA vectors carrying intact genomic DNA containing introns, exons, and regulatory regions. Here, we demonstrate that circular BACs transfect more efficiently than covalently closed linear BACs. We found up to 3.1- and 8.9- fold higher eGFP expression from circular 11 kb and 100 kb BACs, respectively, compared to linear BACs. These findings provide insights for improved vector development for gene delivery and expression studies of large intact transgenes in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Cheng Wong
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Andrew Osahor
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | | | - Kumaran Narayanan
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia.
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Lara AR, Jaén KE, Folarin O, Keshavarz-Moore E, Büchs J. Effect of the oxygen transfer rate on oxygen-limited production of plasmid DNA by Escherichia coli. Biochem Eng J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2019.107303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Folarin O, Nesbeth D, Ward JM, Keshavarz-Moore E. Application of Plasmid Engineering to Enhance Yield and Quality of Plasmid for Vaccine and Gene Therapy. Bioengineering (Basel) 2019; 6:bioengineering6020054. [PMID: 31248216 PMCID: PMC6631426 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering6020054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an increased interest in plasmid DNA as therapeutics. This is evident in the number of ongoing clinical trials involving the use of plasmid DNA. In order to be an effective therapeutic, high yield and high level of supercoiling are required. From the bioprocessing point of view, the supercoiling level potentially has an impact on the ease of downstream processing. We approached meeting these requirements through plasmid engineering. A 7.2 kb plasmid was developed by the insertion of a bacteriophage Mu strong gyrase-binding sequence (Mu-SGS) to a 6.8 kb pSVβ-Gal and it was used to transform four different E. coli strains, and cultured in order to investigate the Mu-SGS effect and dependence on strain. There was an increase of over 20% in the total plasmid yield with pSVβ-Gal398 in two of the strains. The supercoiled topoisomer content was increased by 5% in both strains leading to a 27% increase in the overall yield. The extent of supercoiling was examined using superhelical density (σ) quantification with pSVβ-Gal398 maintaining a superhelical density of −0.022, and pSVβ-Gal −0.019, in both strains. This study has shown that plasmid modification with the Mu-phage SGS sequence has a beneficial effect on improving not only the yield of total plasmid but also the supercoiled topoisomer content of therapeutic plasmid DNA during bioprocessing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olusegun Folarin
- Advanced Center for Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Darren Nesbeth
- Advanced Center for Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - John M Ward
- Advanced Center for Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Eli Keshavarz-Moore
- Advanced Center for Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
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Uludag H, Ubeda A, Ansari A. At the Intersection of Biomaterials and Gene Therapy: Progress in Non-viral Delivery of Nucleic Acids. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:131. [PMID: 31214586 PMCID: PMC6558074 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomaterials play a critical role in technologies intended to deliver therapeutic agents in clinical settings. Recent explosion of our understanding of how cells utilize nucleic acids has garnered excitement to develop a range of older (e.g., antisense oligonucleotides, plasmid DNA and transposons) and emerging (e.g., short interfering RNA, messenger RNA and non-coding RNAs) nucleic acid agents for therapy of a wide range of diseases. This review will summarize biomaterials-centered advances to undertake effective utilization of nucleic acids for therapeutic purposes. We first review various types of nucleic acids and their unique abilities to deliver a range of clinical outcomes. Using recent advances in T-cell based therapy as a case in point, we summarize various possibilities for utilizing biomaterials to make an impact in this exciting therapeutic intervention technology, with the belief that this modality will serve as a therapeutic paradigm for other types of cellular therapies in the near future. We subsequently focus on contributions of biomaterials in emerging nucleic acid technologies, specifically focusing on the design of intelligent nanoparticles, deployment of mRNA as an alternative to plasmid DNA, long-acting (integrating) expression systems, and in vitro/in vivo expansion of engineered T-cells. We articulate the role of biomaterials in these emerging nucleic acid technologies in order to enhance the clinical impact of nucleic acids in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Uludag
- Department of Chemical and Materinals Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Anyeld Ubeda
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Aysha Ansari
- Department of Chemical and Materinals Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Heidari Z, Arora JS, Datta D, John VT, Kumar N, Bansal GP. Impact of the Charge Ratio on the In Vivo Immunogenicity of Lipoplexes. Pharm Res 2017; 34:1796-1804. [PMID: 28560696 PMCID: PMC10601992 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-017-2187-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study investigated the immunogenic potential of different cationic liposome formulations with a DNA plasmid encoding Pfs25, a malaria transmission-blocking vaccine candidate. METHODS Pfs25 plasmid DNA was complexed with cationic liposomes to produce lipoplexes at different charge ratios of the cationic lipid head group to the nucleotide phosphate (N:P). The formation of lipoplexes was visualized by Cryogenic-TEM. Confocal microscopy of lipoplexes formed with GFP encoding plasmid DNA, and flow cytometry was used to determine their in vitro transfection capability. Two different lipoplex formulations using plasmid DNA encoding Pfs25 were evaluated for in vivo immunogenicity after intramuscular administration in Balb/c mice. Immune sera were analyzed by ELISA. RESULTS The results demonstrated that the cationic liposome-mediated DNA immunization with an N:P charge ratio of 1:3 (anionic lipoplexes) is more effective than the use of naked plasmid DNA alone. No antibody response was observed when lipoplexes with a higher N:P charge ratio of 10:3 (cationic lipoplexes) were used. Trehalose was added to some lipoplex formulations as a cryoprotectant and adjuvant, but it did not yield any further improvement of immunogenicity in vivo. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that Pfs25 plasmid DNA delivered as lipoplexes at a charge ratio of 1:3 elicited strong immunogenicity in mice and may be improved further to match the immune responses of DNA vaccines administered by in vivo electroporation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Heidari
- Department of Tropical Medicine, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
- Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases Research Center, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Jaspreet S Arora
- Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases Research Center, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Science and Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Dibyadyuti Datta
- Department of Tropical Medicine, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
- Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases Research Center, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Vijay T John
- Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases Research Center, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Science and Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Nirbhay Kumar
- Department of Tropical Medicine, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
- Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases Research Center, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Geetha P Bansal
- Department of Tropical Medicine, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.
- Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases Research Center, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.
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9
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Poulain A, Perret S, Malenfant F, Mullick A, Massie B, Durocher Y. Rapid protein production from stable CHO cell pools using plasmid vector and the cumate gene-switch. J Biotechnol 2017. [PMID: 28625678 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
To rapidly produce large amounts of recombinant proteins, the generation of stable Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cell pools represents a useful alternative to large-scale transient gene expression (TGE). We have developed a cell line (CHOBRI/rcTA) allowing the inducible expression of recombinant proteins, based on the cumate gene switch. After the identification of optimal plasmid DNA topology (supercoiled vs linearized plasmid) for PEIpro™ mediated transfection and of optimal conditions for methionine sulfoximine (MSX) selection, we were able to generate CHOBRI/rcTA pools producing high levels of recombinant proteins. Volumetric productivities of up to 900mg/L were reproducibly achieved for a Fc fusion protein and up to 350mg/L for an antibody after 14days post-induction in non-optimized fed-batch cultures. In addition, we show that CHO pool volumetric productivities are not affected by a freeze-thaw cycle or following maintenance in culture for over one month in the presence of MSX. Finally, we demonstrate that volumetric protein production with the CR5 cumate-inducible promoter is three- to four-fold higher than with the human CMV or hybrid EF1α-HTLV constitutive promoters. These results suggest that the cumate-inducible CHOBRI/rcTA stable pool platform is a powerful and robust system for the rapid production of gram amounts of recombinant proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeline Poulain
- National Research Council of Canada, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montréal, QC H4P 2R2, Canada; Département de Microbiologie et Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sylvie Perret
- National Research Council of Canada, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montréal, QC H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Félix Malenfant
- National Research Council of Canada, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montréal, QC H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Alaka Mullick
- National Research Council of Canada, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montréal, QC H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Bernard Massie
- National Research Council of Canada, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montréal, QC H4P 2R2, Canada; Département de Microbiologie et Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Yves Durocher
- National Research Council of Canada, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montréal, QC H4P 2R2, Canada; Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, QC, Canada.
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10
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Dasari BC, Cashman SM, Kumar-Singh R. Reducible PEG-POD/DNA Nanoparticles for Gene Transfer In Vitro and In Vivo: Application in a Mouse Model of Age-Related Macular Degeneration. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2017; 8:77-89. [PMID: 28918058 PMCID: PMC5491761 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Non-viral gene delivery systems are being developed to address limitations of viral gene delivery. Many of these non-viral systems are modeled on the properties of viruses including cell surface binding, endocytosis, endosomal escape, and nuclear targeting. Most non-viral gene transfer systems exhibit little correlation between in vitro and in vivo efficiency, hampering a systematic approach to their development. Previously, we have described a 3.5 kDa peptide (peptide for ocular delivery [POD]) that targets cell surface sialic acid. When functionalized with polyethylene glycol (PEG) via a sulfhydryl group on the N-terminal cysteine of POD, PEG-POD could compact plasmid DNA, forming 120- to 180-nm homogeneous nanoparticles. PEG-POD enabled modest gene transfer and rescue of retinal degeneration in vivo. Systematic investigation of different stages of gene transfer by PEG-POD nanoparticles was hampered by their inability to deliver genes in vitro. Herein, we describe functionalization of POD with PEG using a reducible orthopyridyl disulfide bond. These reducible nanoparticles enabled gene transfer in vitro while retaining their in vivo gene transfer properties. These reducible PEG-POD nanoparticles were utilized to deliver human FLT1 to the retina in vivo, achieving a 50% reduction in choroidal neovascularization in a murine model of age-related macular degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhanu Chandar Dasari
- Department of Developmental, Molecular, and Chemical Biology, Program in Genetics, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Siobhan M Cashman
- Department of Developmental, Molecular, and Chemical Biology, Program in Genetics, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Rajendra Kumar-Singh
- Department of Developmental, Molecular, and Chemical Biology, Program in Genetics, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
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Peng L, Xiong W, Cai Y, Chen Y, He Y, Yang J, Jin J, Li H. A simple, rapid method for evaluation of transfection efficiency based on fluorescent dye. Bioengineered 2017; 8:225-231. [PMID: 27676288 PMCID: PMC5470522 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2016.1222995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhanced transfection efficiency of transient gene expression (TGE) and electroporation is a useful approach for improvement of recombinant therapeutic proteins in mammalian cells. A novel method is described here in which CHO cells expressing recombinant FVII (rFVII) were labeled with fluorescent dye and analyzed by confocal microscopy. Cells with or without rFVII encoding gene were detectable by flow cytometry. Thus, we were able to distinguish positive cells (with rFVII encoding gene) and quantify their percentages. We evaluated the effects of varying electroporation conditions (voltage, number of repetitions, plasmid amount, carrier DNA) in order to optimize transfection efficiency. The highest transfection efficiency achieved was ∼86%. The method described here allows rapid evaluation of transfection efficiency without co-expression of reporter genes. In combination with appropriate antibodies, the method can be extended to evaluation of transfection efficiency in cells expressing other recombinant proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Peng
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Wendian Xiong
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yanfei Cai
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yun Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yang He
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jianfeng Yang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center and Ministry of Education Engineering Center of Hematological Disease, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jian Jin
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Huazhong Li
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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Kotmakçı M, Çetintaş VB, Kantarcı AG. Preparation and characterization of lipid nanoparticle/pDNA complexes for STAT3 downregulation and overcoming chemotherapy resistance in lung cancer cells. Int J Pharm 2017; 525:101-111. [PMID: 28428090 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Developments in the field of molecular oncology have revealed that resistance to chemotherapeutics is acqured through several mechanisms including overexpression of common oncogenic proteins. Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3) is one of these oncogenes that is overexpressed in many cancer types. RNA interference (RNAi) is proven powerful tool for downregulating STAT3, allowing re-sensitization of resistant cancer cells. However, delivery of RNA interference-mediating molecules for STAT3 downregulation in lung cancer cells is limited to a small number of studies most of which employ commercially available transfection kits. The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate cationic solid lipid nanoparticles for delivery of RNAi-mediating plasmid DNA in order to down regulate STAT3 in cisplatin resistant lung cancer cells. We focused on obtaining cSLN:plasmid DNA complexes with size below or equal to 100nm, and a positive zeta potential. Two successful candidate cSLN:plasmid DNA complexes (K2 and K3) were selected for in vitro tests and cell culture studies. These formulations have particle sizes of 98 and 93nm, and zeta potential values of 10.5 and 8.9mV, respectively. Plasmid DNA in these complexes was protected against DNaseI and serum-mediated degradation. Substantial part of DNA retained its supercoiled and circular conformation. TEM images showed nearly spherical complex structure. Both formulations reduced STAT3 expression by approx. 5-fold in cisplatin resistant Calu1 cell line and increased the sensitivity of cells to cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Kotmakçı
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ege University Faculty of Pharmacy, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Vildan Bozok Çetintaş
- Department of Medical Biology, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - A Gülten Kantarcı
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ege University Faculty of Pharmacy, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
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Berry S, Mastorakos P, Zhang C, Song E, Patel H, Suk JS, Hanes J. Enhancing Intracranial Delivery of Clinically Relevant Non-viral Gene Vectors. RSC Adv 2016; 48:41665-41674. [PMID: 27642512 DOI: 10.1039/c6ra01546h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy is a promising strategy for the management of various neurological disorders that do not respond adequately to conventional therapeutics. The development of gene vectors with favorable safety profiles that can achieve uniform distribution and high-level transgene expression in the brain remains challenging. The rod-shaped, non-viral gene delivery platform based on poly-L-lysine (PLL) conjugated to a single segment of polyethylene glycol (PEG) has shown safe transfection in human nares and mouse brains in vivo. However, we have previously demonstrated that a denser PEG coating is required for rapid diffusion of nanoparticles in the brain extracellular space. Here, we engineered a densely PEGylated version of this platform based on PLL polymers conjugated to branched PEG via alkyne-azide cycloaddition. We found that the newly developed gene vectors rapidly diffused in the brain parenchyma, providing significantly improved vector distribution and overall transgene expression in vivo compared to the previously developed platform. These brain-penetrating DNA nanoparticles exhibited enhanced cellular uptake presumably due to their ellipsoidal morphology. By simultaneously improving delivery to target cells and subsequent transfection, our densely PEGylated PLL DNA nanoparticles can provide widespread, high levels of transgene expression, essential for effective targeting of highly disseminated brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Berry
- The Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Center for Biotechnology Education, Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Panagiotis Mastorakos
- The Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Clark Zhang
- The Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Eric Song
- The Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Center for Biotechnology Education, Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Himat Patel
- The Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jung Soo Suk
- The Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Justin Hanes
- The Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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14
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Nakamura M, Suzuki A, Akada J, Yarimizu T, Iwakiri R, Hoshida H, Akada R. A Novel Terminator Primer and Enhancer Reagents for Direct Expression of PCR-Amplified Genes in Mammalian Cells. Mol Biotechnol 2016; 57:767-80. [PMID: 25997599 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-015-9870-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Escherichia coli plasmids are commonly used for gene expression experiments in mammalian cells, while PCR-amplified DNAs are rarely used even though PCR is a much faster and easier method to construct recombinant DNAs. One difficulty may be the limited amount of DNA produced by PCR. For direct utilization of PCR-amplified DNA in transfection experiments, efficient transfection with a smaller amount of DNA should be attained. For this purpose, we investigated two enhancer reagents, polyethylene glycol and tRNA, for a chemical transfection method. The addition of the enhancers to a commercial transfection reagent individually and synergistically exhibited higher transfection efficiency applicable for several mammalian cell culture lines in a 96-well plate. By taking advantage of a simple transfection procedure using PCR-amplified DNA, SV40 and rabbit β-globin terminator lengths were minimized. The terminator length is short enough to design in oligonucleotides; thus, terminator primers can be used for the construction and analysis of numerous mutations, deletions, insertions, and tag-fusions at the 3'-terminus of any gene. The PCR-mediated gene manipulation with the terminator primers will transform gene expression by allowing for extremely simple and high-throughput experiments with small-scale, multi-well, and mammalian cell cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikiko Nakamura
- Innovation Center, Yamaguchi University, Tokiwadai, Ube, 755-8611, Japan,
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15
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Hassan S, Keshavarz-Moore E, Ward J. A cell engineering strategy to enhance supercoiled plasmid DNA production for gene therapy. Biotechnol Bioeng 2016; 113:2064-71. [PMID: 26928284 PMCID: PMC4982056 DOI: 10.1002/bit.25971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
With the recent revival of the promise of plasmid DNA vectors in gene therapy, a novel synthetic biology approach was used to enhance the quantity, (yield), and quality of the plasmid DNA. Quality was measured by percentage supercoiling and supercoiling density, as well as improving segregational stability in fermentation. We examined the hypothesis that adding a Strong Gyrase binding Site (SGS) would increase DNA gyrase-mediated plasmid supercoiling. SGS from three different replicons, (the Mu bacteriophage and two plasmids, pSC101 and pBR322) were inserted into the plasmid, pUC57. Different sizes of these variants were transformed into E. coli DH5α, and their supercoiling properties and segregational stability measured. A 36% increase in supercoiling density was found in pUC57-SGS, but only when SGS was derived from the Mu phage and was the larger sized version of this fragment. These results were also confirmed at fermentation scale. Total percentage supercoiled monomer was maintained to 85-90%. A twofold increase in plasmid yield was also observed for pUC57-SGS in comparison to pUC57. pUC57-SGS displayed greater segregational stability than pUC57-cer and pUC57, demonstrating a further potential advantage of the SGS site. These findings should augment the potential of plasmid DNA vectors in plasmid DNA manufacture. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 2064-2071. © 2016 The Authors. Biotechnology and Bioengineering Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Hassan
- The Advanced Center for Biochemical Engineering, Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AH, United Kingdom
| | - Eli Keshavarz-Moore
- The Advanced Center for Biochemical Engineering, Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AH, United Kingdom.
| | - John Ward
- The Advanced Center for Biochemical Engineering, Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AH, United Kingdom
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16
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Tekie FSM, Atyabi F, Soleimani M, Arefian E, Atashi A, Kiani M, Khoshayand MR, Amini M, Dinarvand R. Chitosan polyplex nanoparticle vector for miR-145 expression in MCF-7: Optimization by design of experiment. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 81:828-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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17
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Optimization of single-cell electroporation protocol for forced gene expression in primary neuronal cultures. Mol Biotechnol 2014; 56:824-32. [PMID: 24794046 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-014-9761-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The development and function of the central nervous system (CNS) are realized through interactions between many neurons. To investigate cellular and molecular mechanisms of the development and function of the CNS, it is thus crucial to be able to manipulate the gene expression of single neurons in a complex cell population. We recently developed a technique for gene silencing by introducing small interfering RNA into single neurons in primary CNS cultures using single-cell electroporation. However, we had not succeeded in forced gene expression by introducing expression plasmids using single-cell electroporation. In the present study, we optimized the experimental conditions to enable the forced expression of green fluorescent protein (GFP) in cultured cerebellar Purkinje neurons using single-cell electroporation. We succeeded in strong GFP expression in Purkinje neurons by increasing the inside diameter of micropipettes or by making the size of the original plasmid smaller by digestion and cyclizing it by ligation. Strong GFP expression in Purkinje neurons electroporated under the optimal conditions continued to be observed for more than 25 days after electroporation. Thus, this technique could be used for forced gene expression in single neurons to investigate cellular and molecular mechanisms of the development, function, and disease of the CNS.
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18
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Jiang T, Jiang G, Wang X, Dong Y, Wei Z, Li X, Tang B. Facile one-pot synthesis of fluorescent hyperbranched polymers for optical detection of glucose. Des Monomers Polym 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/15685551.2014.907610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tengteng Jiang
- Department of Materials Engineering, College of Materials and Textile, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology (ATMT), Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, P.R. China
| | - Guohua Jiang
- Department of Materials Engineering, College of Materials and Textile, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology (ATMT), Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Department of Materials Engineering, College of Materials and Textile, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology (ATMT), Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, P.R. China
| | - Yue Dong
- Department of Materials Engineering, College of Materials and Textile, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Wei
- Department of Materials Engineering, College of Materials and Textile, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology (ATMT), Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, P.R. China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Materials Engineering, College of Materials and Textile, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology (ATMT), Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, P.R. China
| | - Bolin Tang
- Department of Materials Engineering, College of Materials and Textile, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology (ATMT), Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, P.R. China
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19
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Costa D, Valente AJM, Miguel MG, Queiroz J. Plasmid DNA hydrogels for biomedical applications. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2014; 205:257-64. [PMID: 24011472 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2013.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In the last few years, our research group has focused on the design and development of plasmid DNA (pDNA) based systems as devices to be used therapeutically in the biomedical field. Biocompatible macro and micro plasmid DNA gels were prepared by a cross-linking reaction. For the first time, the pDNA gels have been investigated with respect to their swelling in aqueous solution containing different additives. Furthermore, we clarified the fundamental and basic aspects of the solute release mechanism from pDNA hydrogels and the significance of this information is enormous as a basic tool for the formulation of pDNA carriers for drug/gene delivery applications. The co-delivery of a specific gene and anticancer drugs, combining chemical and gene therapies in the treatment of cancer was the main challenge of our research. Significant progresses have been made with a new p53 encoding pDNA microgel that is suitable for the loading and release of pDNA and doxorubicin. This represents a strong valuable finding in the strategic development of systems to improve cancer cure through the synergetic effect of chemical and gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Costa
- CICS - Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal.
| | | | - M Graça Miguel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Queiroz
- CICS - Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
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20
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Block decoys: transcription-factor decoys designed for in vitro gene regulation studies. Anal Biochem 2013; 443:205-10. [PMID: 24036039 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2013.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2013] [Revised: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Transcription-factor decoys are short synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides that sequester cognate transcription factors and prevent their binding at target promoters. Current methods of decoy formation have primarily been optimized for potential therapeutic applications. However, they are not ideally suited to in vitro investigations into multi-transcription factor-mediated processes that may require multiple regulatory elements to be inhibited in varying combinations. In this study we describe a novel method for chimeric decoy formation in which blocks containing discrete transcription factor binding sites are combined into circular molecules. Unlike currently available methods, block decoys allow rapid construction of chimeric decoys targeting multiple regulatory elements. Further, they enable fine-tuning of binding-site copy ratios within chimeras, allowing sophisticated control of the cellular transcriptional landscape. We show that block decoys are exonuclease-resistant and specifically inhibit expression from target binding sites. The potential of block decoys to inhibit multiple elements simultaneously was demonstrated using a chimeric decoy containing molar optimized ratios of three regulatory elements, NF-κB-RE, CRE, and E-box. The chimeric decoy inhibited expression from all three elements simultaneously at equivalent levels. The primary intended use of block decoys is in vitro gene regulation studies in which bespoke chimeras can be rapidly constructed and utilized to determine a promoter's functional regulation.
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21
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De La Vega J, Braak BT, Azzoni AR, Monteiro GA, Prazeres DMF. Impact of plasmid quality on lipoplex-mediated transfection. J Pharm Sci 2013; 102:3932-41. [PMID: 23996350 DOI: 10.1002/jps.23709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Revised: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
This work investigates the impact of quality attributes (impurity content, plasmid charge, and compactness) of plasmid DNA isolated with different purification methodologies on the characteristics of lipoplexes prepared thereof (size, zeta potential, stability) and on their ability to transfect mammalian cells. A 3.7 kb plasmid with a green fluorescence protein (GFP) reporter gene, Lipofectamine®-based liposomes, and Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells were used as models. The plasmid was purified by hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC)/gel filtration, and with three commercial kits, which combine the use of chaotropic salts with silica membranes/glass fiber fleeces. The HIC-based protocol delivered a plasmid with the smallest hydrodynamic diameter (144 nm) and zeta potential (-46.5 mV), which is virtually free from impurities. When formulated with Lipofectamine®, this plasmid originated the smallest (146 nm), most charged (+13 mV), and most stable lipoplexes. In vitro transfection experiments further showed that these lipoplexes performed better in terms of plasmid uptake (∼500,000 vs. ∼100,000-200,000 copy number/cell), transfection efficiency (50% vs. 20%-40%), and GFP expression levels (twofold higher) when compared with lipoplexes prepared with plasmids isolated using commercial kits. Overall our observations highlight the potential impact that plasmid purification methodologies can have on the outcome of gene transfer experiments and trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan De La Vega
- IBB-Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre for Biological and Chemical Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Lisboa, 1049-001, Portugal
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22
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Togashi R, Akita H, Harashima H. Production of small nano-sized particles by complex formation between polycations and linearized plasmid DNA at a low pH. J Biosci Bioeng 2013; 116:528-31. [PMID: 23684164 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2013.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Revised: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We report on the technical advance of linearized pDNA (pDNA(linear)) above the circular one (pDNA(circ)) for preparation of small-sized DNA/polycation complexes (DPC) at a low pH. Also, the resistance of the DPC formed with pDNA(linear) against poly-L-asparagine indicates that effective ion-pairing occurred between the pDNA(linear) and polycations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryohei Togashi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 6, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan
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23
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Dhanoya A, Wang T, Keshavarz-Moore E, Fassati A, Chain BM. Importin-7 mediates nuclear trafficking of DNA in mammalian cells. Traffic 2013; 14:165-75. [PMID: 23067392 PMCID: PMC3672689 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2012] [Revised: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells have the ability to uptake and transport endogenous and exogenous DNA in their nuclei, however little is known about the specific pathways involved. Here we show that the nuclear transport receptor importin 7 (imp7) supports nuclear import of supercoiled plasmid DNA and human mitochondrial DNA in a Ran and energy-dependent way. The imp7-dependent pathway was specifically competed by excess DNA but not by excess of maltose-binding protein fused with the classical nuclear localizing signal (NLS) or the M9 peptides. Transport of DNA molecules complexed with poly-l-lysine was impaired in intact cells depleted of imp7, and DNA complexes remained localized in the cytoplasm. Poor DNA nuclear import in cells depleted of imp7 directly correlated with lower gene expression levels in these cells compared to controls. Inefficient nuclear import of transfected DNA induced greater upregulation of the interferon pathway, suggesting that rapid DNA nuclear import may prevent uncontrolled activation of the innate immune response. Our results provide evidence that imp7 is a non-redundant component of an intrinsic pathway in mammalian cells for efficient accumulation of exogenous and endogenous DNA in the nucleus, which may be critical for the exchange of genetic information between mitochondria and nuclear genomes and to control activation of the innate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Dhanoya
- The Advanced Centre for Biochemical Engineering, University College LondonTorrington Place, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Tse Wang
- Division of Infection and Immunity, MRC Centre for Medical Molecular Virology, University College LondonCruciform Building, Gower Street, London, WC1 6BT, UK
- The Wohl Virion Centre, University College LondonCruciform Building, Gower Street, London, WC1 6BT, UK
| | - Eli Keshavarz-Moore
- The Advanced Centre for Biochemical Engineering, University College LondonTorrington Place, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Ariberto Fassati
- Division of Infection and Immunity, MRC Centre for Medical Molecular Virology, University College LondonCruciform Building, Gower Street, London, WC1 6BT, UK
- The Wohl Virion Centre, University College LondonCruciform Building, Gower Street, London, WC1 6BT, UK
| | - Benjamin M Chain
- Division of Infection and Immunity, MRC Centre for Medical Molecular Virology, University College LondonCruciform Building, Gower Street, London, WC1 6BT, UK
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25
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Louie MW, Choi AWT, Liu HW, Chan BTN, Lo KKW. Synthesis, Emission Characteristics, Cellular Studies, and Bioconjugation Properties of Luminescent Rhenium(I) Polypyridine Complexes with a Fluorous Pendant. Organometallics 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/om3003575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Man-Wai Louie
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials (Areas
of Excellence Scheme, University Grants Committee (Hong Kong)) and Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People's
Republic of China
| | - Alex Wing-Tat Choi
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials (Areas
of Excellence Scheme, University Grants Committee (Hong Kong)) and Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People's
Republic of China
| | - Hua-Wei Liu
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials (Areas
of Excellence Scheme, University Grants Committee (Hong Kong)) and Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People's
Republic of China
| | - Bruce Ting-Ngok Chan
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials (Areas
of Excellence Scheme, University Grants Committee (Hong Kong)) and Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People's
Republic of China
| | - Kenneth Kam-Wing Lo
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials (Areas
of Excellence Scheme, University Grants Committee (Hong Kong)) and Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People's
Republic of China
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Dhanoya A, Chain BM, Keshavarz-Moore E. Role of DNA topology in uptake of polyplex molecules by dendritic cells. Vaccine 2012; 30:1675-81. [PMID: 22245608 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.12.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2011] [Revised: 12/19/2011] [Accepted: 12/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are an attractive target for DNA vaccines as they are potent antigen presenting cells. This study demonstrated how non-viral gene delivery to DCs involving complexes of poly-l-lysine (PLL) and plasmid DNA (pDNA) (polyplexes) showed dependence on DNA vector topology. DNA topology is of importance from both production and regulatory viewpoints. In our previous study with CHO cells we demonstrated that polyplex uptake was dependent on DNA topology whereby complexes containing supercoiled (SC) pDNA were smaller, more resistant to nucleases and more effectively condensed by PLL than open circular (OC) and linear-pDNA complexes. In this study polyplex uptake in DCs was measured qualitatively and quantitatively by confocal microscopy along with gene expression studies and measurement of DC phenotype. PLL is known for its ability to condense DNA and serve as an effective gene delivery vehicle. Quantification studies revealed that by 1h following uptake 15% (±2.59% relative standard error [RSE]) of SC-pDNA polyplexes were identified to be associated (fluorescent co-localisation) with the nucleus, in comparison to no nuclear association identified for OC- and linear-pDNA complexes. By 48 h following uptake, 30% (±1.82% RSE) of SC-pDNA complexes associated with the nucleus in comparison to 16% (±4.40% RSE) and 12% (±6.97% RSE) of OC- and linear-pDNA polyplexes respectively. Confocal microscopy images showed how DNA and PLL remained associated following uptake by dual labelling. Polyplex (containing 20 μg pDNA) gene expression (plasmid encoded lacZ [β-galactosidase] reporter gene) in DCs was greatest for SC-pDNA polyplexes at 14.12% unlike that of OC- (9.59%) and linear-pDNA (7.43%). DCs express cell surface markers which contribute towards antigen presentation. Polyplex gene expression did not alter DC phenotype through surface marker expression. This may be due to the pDNA dose employed (20μg) as other studies have used doses as high as 200 μg pDNA to induce DC phenotypic changes. Although no change in DC phenotype occurred, this could be advantageous in terms of biocompatibility. Collectively these results indicate that DNA topology is an important parameter for DC vector design, particularly pDNA in the SC conformation in regards to DNA vaccination studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Dhanoya
- The Advanced Centre for Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, UK
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