1
|
Wang Y, Liu W, Peng S, Chen Y, Chen F, Zhang A, Chen K. Enhancing thermostability of tryptophan hydroxylase via protein engineering and its application in 5-hydroxytryptophan production. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130609. [PMID: 38437933 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
5-Hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), as the precursor of serotonin and melatonin in animals, can regulate mood, sleep, and behavior, which is widely used in pharmaceutical and health products industry. The enzymatic production of 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) from L-tryptophan (L-Trp) using tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) show huge potential in application due to its advantages, such as mild reaction conditions, avoidance of protection/deprotection processes, excellent regioselectivity and considerable catalytic efficiency, compared with chemical synthesis and natural extraction. However, the low thermostability of TPH restricted its hydroxylation efficiency toward L-Trp. In this study, we aimed to improve the thermostability of TPH via semi-rational design guided by (folding free energy) ΔΔG fold calculation. After two rounds of evolution, two beneficial mutants M1 (S422V) and M30 (V275L/I412K) were obtained. Thermostability evaluation showed that M1 and M30 possessed 5.66-fold and 6.32-fold half-lives (t1/2) at 37 °C, and 4.2 °C and 6.0 °C higher melting temperature (Tm) than the WT, respectively. The mechanism behind thermostability improvement was elucidated with molecular dynamics simulation. Furthermore, biotransformation of 5-HTP from L-Trp was performed, M1 and M30 displayed 1.80-fold and 2.30-fold than that of WT, respectively. This work provides important insights into the thermostability enhancement of TPH and generate key mutants that could be robust candidates for practical production of 5-HTP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Shiguo Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Yan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Feifei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Alei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China.
| | - Kequan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Su B, Deng MR, Zhu H. Advances in the Discovery and Engineering of Gene Targets for Carotenoid Biosynthesis in Recombinant Strains. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1747. [PMID: 38136618 PMCID: PMC10742120 DOI: 10.3390/biom13121747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids are naturally occurring pigments that are abundant in the natural world. Due to their excellent antioxidant attributes, carotenoids are widely utilized in various industries, including the food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic industries, and others. Plants, algae, and microorganisms are presently the main sources for acquiring natural carotenoids. However, due to the swift progress in metabolic engineering and synthetic biology, along with the continuous and thorough investigation of carotenoid biosynthetic pathways, recombinant strains have emerged as promising candidates to produce carotenoids. The identification and manipulation of gene targets that influence the accumulation of the desired products is a crucial challenge in the construction and metabolic regulation of recombinant strains. In this review, we provide an overview of the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway, followed by a summary of the methodologies employed in the discovery of gene targets associated with carotenoid production. Furthermore, we focus on discussing the gene targets that have shown potential to enhance carotenoid production. To facilitate future research, we categorize these gene targets based on their capacity to attain elevated levels of carotenoid production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ming-Rong Deng
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application (MARA), Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiome (MARA), State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China;
| | - Honghui Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application (MARA), Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiome (MARA), State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China;
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yuan D, Liu B, Yuan X, Feng L, Xu X, Zhu J, Chen Z, Xu R, Chen J, Xu G, Lin J, Yang L, Li M, Lian J, Wu M. Multisite Mutation of the Escherichia coli cAMP Receptor Protein: Enhancing Xylitol Biosynthesis by Activating Xylose Catabolism and Improving Strain Tolerance. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023. [PMID: 37921650 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c05445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
The bioproduction of xylitol from hemicellulose hydrolysate has good potential for industrial development. However, xylitol productivity has always been limited due to corncob hydrolysate toxicity and glucose catabolic repression. To address these challenges, this work selected the S83 and S128 amino acid residues of the cyclic AMP receptor protein (CRP) as the modification target. By introducing multisite mutation in CRP, this approach successfully enhanced xylose catabolism and improved the strain's tolerance to corncob hydrolysate. The resulting mutant strain, designated as CPH (CRP S83H-S128P), underwent fermentation in a 20 L bioreactor with semicontinuous feeding of corncob hydrolysate. Remarkably, xylitol yield and xylitol productivity for 41 h fermentation were 175 and 4.32 g/L/h, respectively. Therefore, multisite CRP mutation was demonstrated as an efficient global regulatory strategy to effectively improve xylitol productivity from lime-pretreated corncob hydrolysates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongxu Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310030, PR China
| | - Bingbing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310030, PR China
| | - Xinsong Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310030, PR China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei Normal University, Hefei 230601, PR China
| | - Leilei Feng
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310030, PR China
| | - Xudong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310030, PR China
| | - Jialin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310030, PR China
| | - Zhengjie Chen
- Shandong Weiyan Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Binzhou 256660, PR China
| | - Renhao Xu
- Hangzhou No. 14 Middle School, Hangzhou 310006, PR China
| | - Jiao Chen
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Antifungal Drugs, Taizhou 318000, PR China
- Haizheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Taizhou 318000, PR China
| | - Gang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310030, PR China
| | - Jianping Lin
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310030, PR China
| | - Lirong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310030, PR China
| | - Mian Li
- Zhejiang Huakang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Quzhou 324302, PR China
| | - Jiazhang Lian
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310030, PR China
| | - Mianbin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310030, PR China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, PR China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Antifungal Drugs, Taizhou 318000, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li Y, Liang W, Li C. Exogenous adenosine and/or guanosine enhances tetracycline sensitivity of persister cells. Microbiol Res 2023; 270:127321. [PMID: 36773473 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Vibrio splendidus is an opportunistic pathogen, its pathogenicity continues to be a major aquaculture disease infection problem in many parts of the world. Bacteria can form dormant and persister cells, which may be responsible for the difficulty in treating latent infections. Bacterial persister cells are a small subpopulation with high phenotypic heterogeneity that have the ability to persist in response to high concentrations of antibiotics. In our previous work, we have confirmed tetracycline could induce V. splendidus AJ01 persister cells formation. Here, we show that exogenous adenosine and/or guanosine supply restores susceptibility of AJ01 persister cells to tetracycline, leading to effective killing of this persist subpopulation upon wake-up. Mechanistically, exogenous adenosine and/or guanosine promotes the intracellular ATP level, reduces percentage of cells with protein aggresomes, and destroys membrane stability. In addition, when cells were exposed to tetracycline, we found that cells with small nucleocytoplasmic ratio is easy to survive. Overall, our results support that exogenous adenosine or guanosine could be an effective strategy for treating infections with antibiotic-persist bacteria via regulating persisters cells formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Weikang Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, PR China
| | - Chenghua Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Xu S, Gao S, An Y. Research progress of engineering microbial cell factories for pigment production. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 65:108150. [PMID: 37044266 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Pigments are widely used in people's daily life, such as food additives, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, textiles, etc. In recent years, the natural pigments produced by microorganisms have attracted increased attention because these processes cannot be affected by seasons like the plant extraction methods, and can also avoid the environmental pollution problems caused by chemical synthesis. Synthetic biology and metabolic engineering have been used to construct and optimize metabolic pathways for production of natural pigments in cellular factories. Building microbial cell factories for synthesis of natural pigments has many advantages, including well-defined genetic background of the strains, high-density and rapid culture of cells, etc. Until now, the technical means about engineering microbial cell factories for pigment production and metabolic regulation processes have not been systematically analyzed and summarized. Therefore, the studies about construction, modification and regulation of synthetic pathways for microbial synthesis of pigments in recent years have been reviewed, aiming to provide an up-to-date summary of engineering strategies for microbial synthesis of natural pigments including carotenoids, melanins, riboflavins, azomycetes and quinones. This review should provide new ideas for further improving microbial production of natural pigments in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shumin Xu
- College of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China; College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Song Gao
- College of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yingfeng An
- College of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China; College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China; Shenyang Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Mining and Molecular Breeding, Shenyang, China; Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Shenyang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Advances in engineering the production of the natural red pigment lycopene: A systematic review from a biotechnology perspective. J Adv Res 2022; 46:31-47. [PMID: 35753652 PMCID: PMC10105081 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2022.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lycopene is a natural red compound with potent antioxidant activity that can be utilized both as pigment and as a raw material in functional food, and so possesses good commercial prospects. The biosynthetic pathway has already been documented, which provides the foundation for lycopene production using biotechnology. AIM OF REVIEW Although lycopene production has begun to take shape, there is still an urgent need to alleviate the yield of lycopene. Progress in this area can provide useful reference for metabolic engineering of lycopene production utilizing multiple approaches. Key scientific concepts of review Using conventional microbial fermentation approaches, biotechnologists have enhanced the yield of lycopene by selecting suitable host strains, utilizing various additives, and optimizing culture conditions. With the development of modern biotechnology, genetic engineering, protein engineering, and metabolic engineering have been applied for lycopene production. Extraction from natural plants is the main way for lycopene production at present. Based on the molecular mechanism of lycopene accumulation, the production of lycopene by plant bioreactor through genetic engineering has a good prospect. Here we summarized common strategies for optimizing lycopene production engineering from a biotechnology perspective, which are mainly carried out by microbial cultivation. We reviewed the challenges and limitations of this approach, summarized the critical aspects, and provided suggestions with the aim of potential future breakthroughs for lycopene production in plants.
Collapse
|
7
|
Mediator Engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae To Improve Multidimensional Stress Tolerance. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0162721. [PMID: 35369708 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01627-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a well-performing workhorse in chemical production, which encounters complex environmental stresses during industrial processes. We constructed a multiple stress tolerance mutant, Med15V76R/R84K, that was obtained by engineering the KIX domain of Mediator tail subunit Med15. Med15V76R/R84K interacted with transcription factor Hap5 to improve ARV1 expression for sterol homeostasis for decreasing membrane fluidity and thereby enhancing acid tolerance. Med15V76R/R84K interacted with transcription factor Mga2 to improve GIT1 expression for phospholipid biosynthesis for increasing membrane integrity and thereby improving oxidative tolerance. Med15V76R/R84K interacted with transcription factor Aft1 to improve NFT1 expression for inorganic ion transport for reducing membrane permeability and thereby enhancing osmotic tolerance. Based on this Med15 mutation, Med15V76R/R84K, the engineered S. cerevisiae strain, showed a 28.1% increase in pyruvate production in a 1.0-L bioreactor compared to that of S. cerevisiae with its native Med15. These results indicated that Mediator engineering provides a potential alternative for improving multidimensional stress tolerance in S. cerevisiae. IMPORTANCE This study identified the role of the KIX domain of Mediator tail subunit Med15 in response to acetic acid, H2O2, and NaCl in S. cerevisiae. Engineered KIX domain by protein engineering, the mutant strain Med15V76R/R84K, increased multidimensional stress tolerance and pyruvate production compared with that of S. cerevisiae with its native Med15. The Med15V76R/R84K could increase membrane related genes expression possibly by enhancing interaction with transcription factor to improve membrane physiological functions under stress conditions.
Collapse
|
8
|
Optogenetic approaches in biotechnology and biomaterials. Trends Biotechnol 2022; 40:858-874. [PMID: 35031132 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2021.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Advances in genetic engineering, combined with the development of optical technologies, have allowed optogenetics to broaden its area of possible applications in recent years. However, the application of optogenetic tools in industry, including biotechnology and the production of biomaterials, is still limited, because each practical task requires the engineering of a specific optogenetic system. In this review, we discuss recent advances in the use of optogenetic tools in the production of biofuels and valuable chemicals, the synthesis of biomedical and polymer materials, and plant agrobiology. We also offer a comprehensive analysis of the properties and industrial applicability of light-controlled and other smart biomaterials. These data allow us to outline the prospects for the future use of optogenetics in bioindustry.
Collapse
|
9
|
Li M, Xia Q, Zhang H, Zhang R, Yang J. Metabolic Engineering of Different Microbial Hosts for Lycopene Production. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:14104-14122. [PMID: 33207118 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c06020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
As a result of the extensive use of lycopene in a variety of fields, especially the dietary supplement and health food industries, the production of lycopene has attracted considerable interest. Lycopene can be obtained through extraction from vegetables and chemical synthesis. Alternatively, the microbial production of lycopene has been extensively researched in recent years. Various types of microbial hosts have been evaluated for their potential to accumulate a high level of lycopene. Metabolic engineering of the hosts and optimization of culture conditions are performed to enhance lycopene production. After years of research, great progress has been made in lycopene production. In this review, strategies used to improve lycopene production in different microbial hosts and the advantages and disadvantages of each microbial host are summarized. In addition, future perspectives of lycopene production in different microbial hosts are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meijie Li
- Energy-Rich Compound Production by Photosynthetic Carbon Fixation Research Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, 700 Changchen Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingqing Xia
- Energy-Rich Compound Production by Photosynthetic Carbon Fixation Research Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, 700 Changchen Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 135 Songling Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, People's Republic of China
| | - Rubing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 135 Songling Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianming Yang
- Energy-Rich Compound Production by Photosynthetic Carbon Fixation Research Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, 700 Changchen Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Li L, Liu Z, Jiang H, Mao X. Biotechnological production of lycopene by microorganisms. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:10307-10324. [PMID: 33097966 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10967-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Lycopene is a dark red carotenoid belonging to C40 terpenoids and is widely found in a variety of plants, especially ripe red fruits and vegetables. Lycopene has been shown to reduce the risk of prostate cancer, other cancers, and cardiovascular disease. It is one of the most widely used carotenoids in the healthcare product market. Currently, commercially available lycopene is mainly extracted from tomatoes. However, production of lycopene from plants is costly and environmentally unfriendly. To date, there have been many reports on the biosynthesis of lycopene by microorganisms, providing another route for lycopene production. This review discusses the lycopene biosynthetic pathway and natural and engineered lycopene-accumulating microorganisms, as well as their production of lycopene. The effects of different metabolic engineering strategies on lycopene accumulation are also considered. Furthermore, this work presents perspectives concerning the microbial production of lycopene, especially trends to construct microbial cell factories for lycopene production. KEY POINTS: • Recent achievements in the lycopene biosynthesis in microorganisms. • Review of lycopene biosynthetic metabolism engineering strategy. • Discuss the current challenges and prospects of using microorganisms to produce lycopene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Hong Jiang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xiangzhao Mao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China. .,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang Z, Sun J, Yang Q, Yang J. Metabolic Engineering Escherichia coli for the Production of Lycopene. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25143136. [PMID: 32659911 PMCID: PMC7397254 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25143136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Lycopene, a potent antioxidant, has been widely used in the fields of pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, and cosmetics. However, the production of lycopene extracted from natural sources is far from meeting the demand. Consequently, synthetic biology and metabolic engineering have been employed to develop microbial cell factories for lycopene production. Due to the advantages of rapid growth, complete genetic background, and a reliable genetic operation technique, Escherichia coli has become the preferred host cell for microbial biochemicals production. In this review, the recent advances in biological lycopene production using engineered E. coli strains are summarized: First, modification of the endogenous MEP pathway and introduction of the heterogeneous MVA pathway for lycopene production are outlined. Second, the common challenges and strategies for lycopene biosynthesis are also presented, such as the optimization of other metabolic pathways, modulation of regulatory networks, and optimization of auxiliary carbon sources and the fermentation process. Finally, the future prospects for the improvement of lycopene biosynthesis are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaobao Wang
- Energy-Rich Compounds Production by Photosynthetic Carbon Fixation Research Center, Shandong Key Lab of Applied Mycology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China;
| | - JingXin Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China;
| | - Qun Yang
- Energy-Rich Compounds Production by Photosynthetic Carbon Fixation Research Center, Shandong Key Lab of Applied Mycology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China;
- Correspondence: (Q.Y.); (J.Y.); Tel.: +86-131-4543-1413 (Q.Y.); +86-135-8938-5827 (J.Y.); Fax: +86-532-589-57640 (J.Y.)
| | - Jianming Yang
- Energy-Rich Compounds Production by Photosynthetic Carbon Fixation Research Center, Shandong Key Lab of Applied Mycology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China;
- Correspondence: (Q.Y.); (J.Y.); Tel.: +86-131-4543-1413 (Q.Y.); +86-135-8938-5827 (J.Y.); Fax: +86-532-589-57640 (J.Y.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Koduru L, Lakshmanan M, Lee DY. In silico model-guided identification of transcriptional regulator targets for efficient strain design. Microb Cell Fact 2018; 17:167. [PMID: 30359263 PMCID: PMC6201637 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-018-1015-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cellular metabolism is tightly regulated by hard-wired multiple layers of biological processes to achieve robust and homeostatic states given the limited resources. As a result, even the most intuitive enzyme-centric metabolic engineering endeavours through the up-/down-regulation of multiple genes in biochemical pathways often deliver insignificant improvements in the product yield. In this regard, targeted engineering of transcriptional regulators (TRs) that control several metabolic functions in modular patterns is an interesting strategy. However, only a handful of in silico model-added techniques are available for identifying the TR manipulation candidates, thus limiting its strain design application. RESULTS We developed hierarchical-Beneficial Regulatory Targeting (h-BeReTa) which employs a genome-scale metabolic model and transcriptional regulatory network (TRN) to identify the relevant TR targets suitable for strain improvement. We then applied this method to industrially relevant metabolites and cell factory hosts, Escherichia coli and Corynebacterium glutamicum. h-BeReTa suggested several promising TR targets, many of which have been validated through literature evidences. h-BeReTa considers the hierarchy of TRs in the TRN and also accounts for alternative metabolic pathways which may divert flux away from the product while identifying suitable metabolic fluxes, thereby performing superior in terms of global TR target identification. CONCLUSIONS In silico model-guided strain design framework, h-BeReTa, was presented for identifying transcriptional regulator targets. Its efficacy and applicability to microbial cell factories were successfully demonstrated via case studies involving two cell factory hosts, as such suggesting several intuitive targets for overproducing various value-added compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lokanand Koduru
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
| | - Meiyappan Lakshmanan
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 20 Biopolis Way, #06-01, Centros, Singapore, 138668, Singapore
| | - Dong-Yup Lee
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 20 Biopolis Way, #06-01, Centros, Singapore, 138668, Singapore.
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ding K, Zhang C, Li J, Chen S, Liao C, Cheng X, Yu C, Yu Z, Jia Y. cAMP Receptor Protein of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Modulate Glycolysis in Macrophages to Induce Cell Apoptosis. Curr Microbiol 2018; 76:1-6. [PMID: 30315323 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-018-1574-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We studied the role of glycolysis in the mechanism of cAMP receptor protein-induced macrophage cell death of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium). Cell apoptosis, caspase-3, -8, -9 enzyme activity, and pyruvic acid, lactic acid, ATP, and hexokinase (HK) contents were determined after infection of macrophages with S. Typhimurium SL1344 wild-type and a cAMP receptor protein mutant strain. While cell apoptosis, caspase-3, -8, -9 enzyme activity, lactic acid, hexokinase, and ATP levels significantly changed by infection with crp mutants compared to the wild-type strain (P < 0.05). Our data suggest that the cAMP receptor protein of S. Typhimurium can modulate macrophage death by effecting glycolysis levels. This finding may help to elucidate the mechanisms of S. Typhimurium pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Ding
- The Key Lab of Animal Disease and Public Healthy, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China.,Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Luoyang, China
| | - Chunjie Zhang
- The Key Lab of Animal Disease and Public Healthy, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China. .,Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Luoyang, China.
| | - Jing Li
- The Key Lab of Animal Disease and Public Healthy, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China.,Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Luoyang, China
| | - Songbiao Chen
- The Key Lab of Animal Disease and Public Healthy, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China.,Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Luoyang, China
| | - Chengshui Liao
- The Key Lab of Animal Disease and Public Healthy, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China.,Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Luoyang, China
| | - Xiangchao Cheng
- The Key Lab of Animal Disease and Public Healthy, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China.,Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Luoyang, China
| | - Chuang Yu
- The Key Lab of Animal Disease and Public Healthy, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China.,Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Luoyang, China
| | - Zuhua Yu
- The Key Lab of Animal Disease and Public Healthy, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China.,Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Luoyang, China
| | - Yanyan Jia
- The Key Lab of Animal Disease and Public Healthy, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China.,Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Luoyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wang H, Liu W, Shi F, Huang L, Lian J, Qu L, Cai J, Xu Z. Metabolic pathway engineering for high-level production of 5-hydroxytryptophan in Escherichia coli. Metab Eng 2018; 48:279-287. [PMID: 29933064 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cellular metabolic networks should be carefully balanced using metabolic engineering to produce the desired products at the industrial scale. As the precursor for the biosynthesis of the neurotransmitter serotonin, 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) is effective in treating a variety of diseases, such as depression, fibromyalgia, obesity, and cerebellar ataxia. Due to the lack of an efficient synthetic method, commercial production of 5-HTP is only achieved by extracting from the seeds of Griffonia Smplicifolia. This study reports efficient microbial production of 5-HTP via metabolically engineered Escherichia coli. Firstly, human tryptophan hydroxylase I (TPH1) gene was functionally expressed. For endogenous supply of the cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), human BH4 biosynthesis and regeneration pathway was reconstituted. Whole-cell bioconversion resulted in high-level production of 5-HTP (~1.2 g/L) from 2 g/L L-tryptophan in shake flasks. Further metabolic engineering efforts were employed to achieve 5-HTP biosynthesis from simple carbon sources. The whole biosynthetic pathway was divided into three functional modules, L-tryptophan module, the hydroxylation module, and the BH4 module. By reducing the copy number of L-tryptophan module, replacing TPH1 with a more stable mutant form, and promoter regulation of the BH4 module, 5-HTP was produced at a final titer of 1.3 g/L in the shake flask and 5.1 g/L in a fed-batch fermenter with glycerol as the carbon source, both of which were the highest ever reported for microbial production of 5-HTP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haijiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering (Education Ministry), College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; Institute of Biological Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Wenqian Liu
- Institute of Biological Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Feng Shi
- Shandong Institute for Food and Drug Control, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Lei Huang
- Institute of Biological Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jiazhang Lian
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering (Education Ministry), College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; Institute of Biological Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Liang Qu
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering (Education Ministry), College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jin Cai
- Institute of Biological Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zhinan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering (Education Ministry), College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; Institute of Biological Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; Shandong Institute for Food and Drug Control, Jinan 250101, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhao P, Wang W, Tian P. Development of cyclic AMP receptor protein-based artificial transcription factor for intensifying gene expression. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:1673-1685. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-8750-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
16
|
Basak S, Ghosh SK, Punetha VD, Aphale AN, Patra PK, Sahoo NG. An experimental modeling of trinomial bioengineering- crp, rDNA, and transporter engineering within single cell factory for maximizing two-phase bioreduction. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 95:818-825. [PMID: 27923567 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A carbonyl reductase (cr) gene from Candida glabrata CBS138 has been heterologously expressed in cofactor regenerating E. coli host to convert Ethyl-4-chloro-3-oxobutanoate (COBE) into Ethyl-4-chloro-3-hydroxybutanoate (CHBE). The CR enzyme exhibited marked velocity at substrate concentration as high as 363mM with highest turnover number (112.77±3.95s-1). Solitary recombineering of such catalytic cell reproduced CHBE 161.04g/L per g of dry cell weight (DCW). Introduction of combinatorially engineered crp (crp*, F136I) into this heterologous E. coli host yielded CHBE 477.54g/L/gDCW. Furthermore, using nerolidol as exogenous cell transporter, the CHBE productivity has been towered to 710.88g/L/gDCW. The CHBE production has thus been upscaled to 8-12 times than those reported so far. qRT-PCR studies revealed that both membrane efflux channels such as acrAB as well as ROS scavenger genes such as ahpCF have been activated by engineering crp. Moreover, membrane protecting genes such as manXYZ together with solvent extrusion associated genes such as glpC have been upregulated inside mutant host. Although numerous proteins have been investigated to convert COBE to CHBE; this is the first approach to use engineering triad involving crp engineering, recombinant DNA engineering and transporter engineering together for improving cell performance during two-phase biocatalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Souvik Basak
- Dr. B.C. Roy College of Pharmacy & Allied Health Sciences, Durgapur, WB, India.
| | - Sumanta Kumar Ghosh
- Dr. B.C. Roy College of Pharmacy & Allied Health Sciences, Durgapur, WB, India
| | - Vinay Deep Punetha
- Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Centre, Department of Chemistry, D.S.B. Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ashish N Aphale
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Bridgeport, CT, USA
| | - Prabir K Patra
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Bridgeport, CT, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Bridgeport, CT, USA
| | - Nanda Gopal Sahoo
- Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Centre, Department of Chemistry, D.S.B. Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Winkler JD, Halweg-Edwards AL, Gill RT. Quantifying complexity in metabolic engineering using the LASER database. Metab Eng Commun 2016; 3:227-233. [PMID: 29468127 PMCID: PMC5779719 DOI: 10.1016/j.meteno.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously introduced the LASER database (Learning Assisted Strain EngineeRing, https://bitbucket.org/jdwinkler/laser_release) (Winkler et al. 2015) to serve as a platform for understanding past and present metabolic engineering practices. Over the past year, LASER has been expanded by 50% to include over 600 engineered strains from 450 papers, including their growth conditions, genetic modifications, and other information in an easily searchable format. Here, we present the results of our efforts to use LASER as a means for defining the complexity of a metabolic engineering "design". We evaluate two complexity metrics based on the concepts of construction difficulty and novelty. No correlation is observed between expected product yield and complexity, allowing minimization of complexity without a performance trade-off. We envision the use of such complexity metrics to filter and prioritize designs prior to implementation of metabolic engineering efforts, thereby potentially reducing the time, labor, and expenses of large-scale projects. Possible future developments based on an expanding LASER database are then discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ryan T. Gill
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado-Boulder, Jennie Smoly Caruthers Biotechnology Building, Research Park, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Hernández-Almanza A, Montañez J, Martínez G, Aguilar-Jiménez A, Contreras-Esquivel JC, Aguilar CN. Lycopene: Progress in microbial production. Trends Food Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2016.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
19
|
Yang S, Xu H, Wang J, Liu C, Lu H, Liu M, Zhao Y, Tian B, Wang L, Hua Y. Cyclic AMP Receptor Protein Acts as a Transcription Regulator in Response to Stresses in Deinococcus radiodurans. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155010. [PMID: 27182600 PMCID: PMC4868304 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The cyclic AMP receptor protein family of transcription factors regulates various metabolic pathways in bacteria, and also play roles in response to environmental changes. Here, we identify four homologs of the CRP family in Deinococcus radiodurans, one of which tolerates extremely high levels of oxidative stress and DNA-damaging reagents. Transcriptional levels of CRP were increased under hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) treatment during the stationary growth phase, indicating that CRPs function in response to oxidative stress. By constructing all CRP single knockout mutants, we found that the dr0997 mutant showed the lowest tolerance toward H2O2, ultraviolet radiation, ionizing radiation, and mitomycin C, while the phenotypes of the dr2362, dr0834, and dr1646 mutants showed slight or no significant differences from those of the wild-type strain. Taking advantage of the conservation of the CRP-binding site in many bacteria, we found that transcription of 18 genes, including genes encoding chromosome-partitioning protein (dr0998), Lon proteases (dr0349 and dr1974), NADH-quinone oxidoreductase (dr1506), thiosulfate sulfurtransferase (dr2531), the DNA repair protein UvsE (dr1819), PprA (dra0346), and RecN (dr1447), are directly regulated by DR0997. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analyses showed that certain genes involved in anti-oxidative responses, DNA repair, and various cellular pathways are transcriptionally attenuated in the dr0997 mutant. Interestingly, DR0997 also regulate the transcriptional levels of all CRP genes in this bacterium. These data suggest that DR0997 contributes to the extreme stress resistance of D. radiodurans via its regulatory role in multiple cellular pathways, such as anti-oxidation and DNA repair pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Su Yang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture for Nuclear-Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Nuclear-Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
| | - Hong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture for Nuclear-Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Nuclear-Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
| | - Jiali Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture for Nuclear-Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Nuclear-Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
| | - Chengzhi Liu
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Genomics, Zhejiang Institute of Microbiology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huizhi Lu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture for Nuclear-Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Nuclear-Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
| | - Mengjia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture for Nuclear-Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Nuclear-Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
| | - Ye Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture for Nuclear-Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Nuclear-Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
| | - Bing Tian
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture for Nuclear-Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Nuclear-Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
| | - Liangyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture for Nuclear-Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Nuclear-Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
- * E-mail: (YH); (LW)
| | - Yuejin Hua
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture for Nuclear-Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Nuclear-Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
- * E-mail: (YH); (LW)
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Gallego-Jara J, de Diego T, del Real Á, Écija-Conesa A, Manjón A, Cánovas M. Lycopene overproduction and in situ extraction in organic-aqueous culture systems using a metabolically engineered Escherichia coli. AMB Express 2015; 5:65. [PMID: 26395597 PMCID: PMC4579157 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-015-0150-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Lycopene is an import
ant compound with an increasing industrial value. However, there is still no biotechnological process to obtain it. In this study, a semi-continuous system for lycopene extraction from recombinant Escherichia coli BL21 cells is proposed. A two-phase culture mode using organic solvents was found to maximize lycopene production through in situ extraction from cells. Within the reactor, three phases were formed during the process: an aqueous phase containing the recombinant E. coli, an interphase, and an organic phase. Lycopene was extracted from the cells to both the interphase and the organic phase and, consequently, thus enhancing its production. Maximum lycopene production (74.71 ± 3.74 mg L−1) was obtained for an octane-aqueous culture system using the E. coli BL21LF strain, a process that doubled the level obtained in the control aqueous culture. Study of the interphase by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed the proteo-lipidic nature and the high storage capacity of lycopene. Moreover, a cell viability test by flow cytometry (CF) after 24 h of culture indicated that 24 % of the population could be re-used. Therefore, a batch series reactor was designed for semi-continuous lycopene extraction. After five cycles of operation (120 h), lycopene production was similar to that obtained in the control aqueous medium. A final specific lycopene yield of up to 49.70 ± 2.48 mg g−1 was reached at 24 h, which represents to the highest titer to date. In conclusion, the aqueous-organic semi-continuous culture system proposed is the first designed for lycopene extraction, representing an important breakthrough in the development of a competitive biotechnological process for lycopene production and extraction.
Collapse
|
21
|
cAMP receptor protein (CRP)-mediated resistance/tolerance in bacteria: mechanism and utilization in biotechnology. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:4533-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6587-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
|