1
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Zhang M, Liang J, Liang Y, Li X, Wu W. Efficient delivery of curcumin by functional solid lipid nanoparticles with promoting endosomal escape and liver targeting properties. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 244:114177. [PMID: 39217729 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.114177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2024] [Revised: 08/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
In the realm of intracellular drug delivery, overcoming the barrier of endosomal entrapment stands as a critical factor influencing the effectiveness of nanodrug delivery systems. This study focuses on the synthesis of an acid-sensitive fatty acid derivative called imidazole-stearic acid (IM-SA). Leveraging the proton sponge effect attributed to imidazole groups, IM-SA was anticipated to play a pivotal role in facilitating endosomal escape. Integrated into the lipid core of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), IM-SA was paired with hyaluronic acid (HA) coating on the surface of SLNs loading with curcumin (CUR). The presence of IM-SA and HA endowed HA-IM-SLNs@CUR with dual functionalities, enabling the promotion of endosomal escape, and specifical targeting of liver cancer. HA-IM-SLNs@CUR exhibited a particle size of ∼228 nm, with impressive encapsulation efficiencies (EE) of 87.5 % ± 2.3 % for CUR. Drugs exhibit significant pH sensitive release behavior. Cellular experiments showed that HA-IM-SLN@CUR exhibits enhanced drug delivery capability. The incorporation of IM-SA significantly improved the endosomal escape of HA-IM-SLN@CUR, facilitating accelerated intracellular drug release and increasing intracellular drug concentration, exhibiting excellent growth inhibitory effects on HepG2 cells. Animal experiments revealed a 3.4-fold increase in CUR uptake at the tumor site with HA-IM-SLNs@CUR over the free CUR, demonstrating remarkable tumor homing potential with the tumor growth inhibition rate of 97.2 %. These findings indicated the significant promise of HA-IM-SLNs@CUR in the realm of cancer drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyi Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Ju Liang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China.
| | - Ying Liang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Xuening Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Wenlan Wu
- School of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
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2
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Milusheva M, Stoyanova M, Gledacheva V, Stefanova I, Todorova M, Pencheva M, Stojnova K, Tsoneva S, Nedialkov P, Nikolova S. 2-Amino- N-Phenethylbenzamides for Irritable Bowel Syndrome Treatment. Molecules 2024; 29:3375. [PMID: 39064953 PMCID: PMC11280360 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29143375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common gastrointestinal (GI) disorder characterized by abdominal pain or discomfort. Mebeverine is an antispasmodic that has been widely used in clinical practice to relieve the symptoms of IBS. However, its systemic use usually leads to side effects. Therefore, the current paper aimed to synthesize more effective medicines for IBS treatment. We used ring opening of isatoic anhydride for the synthesis in reaction with 2-phenylethylamine. In silico simulation predicted spasmolytic activity for 2-amino-N-phenethylbenzamides. The newly synthesized compounds demonstrated a relaxation effect similar to mebeverine but did not affect the serotonin or Ca2+-dependent signaling pathway of contractile activity (CA) in contrast. Having in mind the anti-inflammatory potential of antispasmodics, the synthesized molecules were tested in vitro and ex vivo for their anti-inflammatory effects. Four of the newly synthesized compounds demonstrated very good activity by preventing albumin denaturation compared to anti-inflammatory drugs/agents well-established in medicinal practice. The newly synthesized compounds also inhibited the expression of interleukin-1β and stimulated the expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), and, consequently, nitric oxide (NO) synthesis by neurons of the myenteric plexus. This characterizes the newly synthesized compounds as biologically active relaxants, offering a cleaner and more precise application in pharmacological practice, thereby enhancing their potential therapeutic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miglena Milusheva
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria or (M.M.); (M.S.); (M.T.)
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Mihaela Stoyanova
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria or (M.M.); (M.S.); (M.T.)
| | - Vera Gledacheva
- Department of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (V.G.); (I.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Iliyana Stefanova
- Department of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (V.G.); (I.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Mina Todorova
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria or (M.M.); (M.S.); (M.T.)
| | - Mina Pencheva
- Department of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (V.G.); (I.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Kirila Stojnova
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry with Methodology of Chemistry Education, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
| | - Slava Tsoneva
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Computer Chemistry, University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
| | - Paraskev Nedialkov
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Stoyanka Nikolova
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria or (M.M.); (M.S.); (M.T.)
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3
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Ryoo JY, Han MS. Development of boronic acid catalysts for direct amidation of aromatic carboxylic acids using fluorescence-based screening. Org Biomol Chem 2024. [PMID: 39012343 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00576g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Direct amidation of carboxylic acids with amines holds significant importance; therefore, catalytic processes involving boronic acids have undergone extensive investigation. However, studies focused on the amidation of aromatic carboxylic acids remain limited. In this study, we introduce a fluorescence-based screening methodology employing an anthracene derivative probe, facilitating the rapid evaluation of various amidation catalysts. Using this approach, boronic acids were evaluated for their catalytic potential. Our findings reveal that 2-hydroxyphenylboronic acid (C7), previously deemed inefficient for aliphatic acids, effectively catalyzes the amidation of aromatic acids. The catalysts identified through this method consistently achieved high yields, reaching up to 98% across a broad spectrum of substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Yup Ryoo
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123, Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.
| | - Min Su Han
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123, Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Liu H, Xu B. Gold-Catalyzed C-N Cross-Coupling Reactions of Aryl Iodides with Alkyl Nitriles or Silver Cyanate. Org Lett 2024; 26:5430-5435. [PMID: 38912725 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
We have gold-catalyzed C-N cross-couplings of aryl iodides with aliphatic nitriles. Although nitriles are usually challenging nitrogen cross-coupling partners, they could be activated by base-mediated deprotonation and isomerization. The method utilizes widely available substrates in moderate to good yields to provide various N-aryl compounds. In addition, a similar strategy could be extended to the cross-couplings of aryl iodides with silver cyanate. The protocol features high humidity/air tolerance and works inter- and intramolecularly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Bo Xu
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
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5
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Zhang XG, Yang ZC, Pan JB, Liu XH, Zhou QL. Enantioselective synthesis of chiral amides by carbene insertion into amide N-H bond. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4793. [PMID: 38839767 PMCID: PMC11153641 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48266-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Chiral amides are important structure in many natural products and pharmaceuticals, yet their efficient synthesis from simple amide feedstock remains challenge due to its weak Lewis basicity. Herein, we describe our study of the enantioselective synthesis of chiral amides by N-alkylation of primary amides taking advantage of an achiral rhodium and chiral squaramide co-catalyzed carbene N-H insertion reaction. This method features mild condition, rapid reaction rate (in all cases 1 min) and a wide substrate scope with high yield and excellent enantioselectivity. Further product transformations show the synthetic potential of this reaction. Mechanistic studies reveal that the non-covalent interactions between the catalyst and reaction intermediate play a critical role in enantiocontrol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan-Ge Zhang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhi-Chun Yang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jia-Bin Pan
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qi-Lin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
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6
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Jiang H, Yu X, Guo J, Shang G, Dai Y. Rapid Degradation of Hazardous Amides by Immobilized Engineered Pseudomonas putida KT2440 Based on a Novel Gene Expression Vector. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:2109-2119. [PMID: 38247140 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c08124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The amides 4-trifluoromethylnicotinamide, acrylamide, and benzamide are widely used in agriculture and industry, posing hazards to the environment and animals. Immobilized bacteria are preferred in wastewater treatment, but degradation of these amides by immobilized engineered bacteria has not been explored. Here, engineered Pseudomonas putida KT2440 pLSJ15-amiA was constructed by introducing a new amidase gene expression vector into environmentally safe P. putida KT2440. P. putida KT2440 pLSJ15-amiA had high amidase activity, even at 80 °C. P. putida KT2440 pLSJ15-amiA immobilized with calcium alginate exhibited a greater environmental tolerance than free cells. The amides were rapidly degraded by the immobilized cells, but the activity was inhibited by high concentrations of substrates. The substrate inhibition model revealed that the optimum initial concentrations of 4-trifluoromethylnicotinamide, acrylamide, and benzamide for degradation by immobilized cells were 197.65, 350.76, and 249.40 μmol/L, respectively. This study develops a novel and excellent immobilized biocatalyst for remediation of wastewater containing hazardous amides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huoyong Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuexiu Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Guo
- Nanjing Normal University Zhongbei College, Zhenjiang 212334, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangdong Shang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yijun Dai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
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7
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Choi A, Goodrich OH, Atkins AP, Edwards MD, Tiemessen D, George MW, Lennox AJJ. Electrochemical Benzylic C(sp 3)-H Direct Amidation. Org Lett 2024; 26:653-657. [PMID: 38227550 PMCID: PMC10825869 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c04012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Amide bonds are ubiquitous and found in a myriad of functional molecules. Although formed in a reliable and robust fashion, alternative amide bond disconnections provide flexibility and synthetic control. Herein we describe an electrochemical method to form the non-amide C-N bond from direct benzylic C(sp3)-H amidation. Our approach is applied toward the synthesis of secondary amides by coupling secondary benzylic substrates with substituted primary benzamides. The reaction has been scaled up to a multigram scale in flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Choi
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K.
| | | | | | | | - David Tiemessen
- School
of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
| | - Michael W. George
- School
of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
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8
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Tang Q, Petchey M, Rowlinson B, Burden TJ, Fairlamb IJS, Grogan G. Broad Spectrum Enantioselective Amide Bond Synthetase from Streptoalloteichus hindustanus. ACS Catal 2024; 14:1021-1029. [PMID: 38269041 PMCID: PMC10804368 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c05656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
The synthesis of amide bonds is one of the most frequently performed reactions in pharmaceutical synthesis, but the requirement for stoichiometric quantities of coupling agents and activated substrates in established methods has prompted interest in biocatalytic alternatives. Amide Bond Synthetases (ABSs) actively catalyze both the ATP-dependent adenylation of carboxylic acid substrates and their subsequent amidation using an amine nucleophile, both within the active site of the enzyme, enabling the use of only a small excess of the amine partner. We have assessed the ability of an ABS from Streptoalloteichus hindustanus (ShABS) to couple a range of carboxylic acid substrates and amines to form amine products. ShABS displayed superior activity to a previously studied ABS, McbA, and a remarkable complementary substrate specificity that included the enantioselective formation of a library of amides from racemic acid and amine coupling partners. The X-ray crystallographic structure of ShABS has permitted mutational mapping of the carboxylic acid and amine binding sites, revealing key roles for L207 and F246 in determining the enantioselectivity of the enzyme with respect to chiral acid and amine substrates. ShABS was applied to the synthesis of pharmaceutical amides, including ilepcimide, lazabemide, trimethobenzamide, and cinepazide, the last with 99% conversion and 95% isolated yield. These findings provide a blueprint for enabling a contemporary pharmaceutical synthesis of one of the most significant classes of small molecule drugs using biocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyun Tang
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10
5DD, U.K.
| | - Mark Petchey
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10
5DD, U.K.
| | - Benjamin Rowlinson
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10
5DD, U.K.
| | - Thomas J. Burden
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10
5DD, U.K.
| | - Ian J. S. Fairlamb
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10
5DD, U.K.
| | - Gideon Grogan
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10
5DD, U.K.
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9
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Ivanov I, Manolov S, Bojilov D, Marc G, Dimitrova D, Oniga S, Oniga O, Nedialkov P, Stoyanova M. Novel Flurbiprofen Derivatives as Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Agents: Synthesis, In Silico, and In Vitro Biological Evaluation. Molecules 2024; 29:385. [PMID: 38257299 PMCID: PMC10818523 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we present the synthesis of five novel compounds by combining flurbiprofen with various substituted 2-phenethylamines. The synthesized derivatives underwent comprehensive characterization using techniques such as 1H- and 13C-NMR spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy, and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). Detailed HRMS analysis was performed for each of these newly created molecules. The biological activities of these compounds were assessed through in vitro experiments to evaluate their potential as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agents. Furthermore, the lipophilicity of these derivatives was determined, both theoretically using the cLogP method and experimentally through partition coefficient (RM) measurements. To gain insights into their binding affinity, we conducted an in silico analysis of the compounds' interactions with human serum albumin (HSA) using molecular docking studies. Our findings reveal that all of the newly synthesized compounds exhibit significant anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, with results statistically comparable to the reference compounds. Molecular docking studies further explain the observed in vitro results, shedding light on the molecular mechanisms behind their biological activities. Using in silico method, toxicity was calculated, resulting in LD50 values. Depending on the administration route, the novel flurbiprofen derivatives show lower toxicity compared to the standard flurbiprofen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iliyan Ivanov
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Plovdiv, 24 “Tsar Assen” Street., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (D.B.); (D.D.); (M.S.)
| | - Stanimir Manolov
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Plovdiv, 24 “Tsar Assen” Street., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (D.B.); (D.D.); (M.S.)
| | - Dimitar Bojilov
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Plovdiv, 24 “Tsar Assen” Street., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (D.B.); (D.D.); (M.S.)
| | - Gabriel Marc
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 41 Victor Babeș Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (G.M.); (O.O.)
| | - Diyana Dimitrova
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Plovdiv, 24 “Tsar Assen” Street., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (D.B.); (D.D.); (M.S.)
| | - Smaranda Oniga
- Department of Therapeutic Chemistry, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 12 Ion Creangă Street, 400010 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Ovidiu Oniga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 41 Victor Babeș Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (G.M.); (O.O.)
| | - Paraskev Nedialkov
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 2 Dunav Street, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Maria Stoyanova
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Plovdiv, 24 “Tsar Assen” Street., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (D.B.); (D.D.); (M.S.)
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10
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Qiang C, Zhang T, Feng Z, Liu P, Sun P. Direct Amino-α-C-H Heteroarylation of Amides under Electrochemical Conditions. Org Lett 2024. [PMID: 38191300 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
An electrochemical hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) strategy for the direct amino-α-C-H heteroarylation of amides is described. The cheap TMSN3 acts as a hydrogen atom transfer reagent. A series of heteroarenes including quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones, 4-methylquinoline, isoquinoline, 2-methylquinoxaline, benzothiazole, etc., and various readily available amides/lactams were suitable. The reaction has the characteristics of a wide range of substrates, good regioselectivity, chemical oxidant-free conditions, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Qiang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Tan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhaoyue Feng
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ping Liu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Peipei Sun
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
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11
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Jia J, Kato T, Maruoka K. p-Methoxybenzyl-Radical-Promoted Chemoselective Protection of sec-Alkylamides. J Org Chem 2023; 88:2575-2582. [PMID: 36731133 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The hitherto difficult site-selective p-methoxybenzylation of secondary amides using p-methoxybenzylated alkylsilyl peroxides as a novel p-methoxybenzylation agent under copper catalysis is reported. The reaction proceeds under mild reaction conditions in a highly chemoselective manner. This approach was successfully applied to the site-selective p-methoxybenzylation of peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- JingWen Jia
- Laboratory of Organocatalytic Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Terumasa Kato
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Keiji Maruoka
- Laboratory of Organocatalytic Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.,School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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12
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Huang B, Zhang X, Guo Y, Tie S, Yang D, Li Y. A One‐Pot Three‐Step Strategy Enables Robust and Efficient Synthesis of 2‐Aryl Benzoxazoles from Amides. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bomao Huang
- College of Chemistry South China Normal University Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
| | - Xinlan Zhang
- College of Chemistry South China Normal University Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Guo
- College of Chemistry South China Normal University Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
| | - Shaolong Tie
- College of Chemistry South China Normal University Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
| | - Dingqiao Yang
- College of Chemistry South China Normal University Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Li
- College of Chemistry South China Normal University Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
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13
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Zhang K, Pan T, Wang L, Wang H, Ren Y, Wei D. Screening and characterization of a nitrilase with significant nitrile hydratase activity. Biotechnol Lett 2022; 44:1163-1173. [PMID: 36050605 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-022-03291-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We screened nitrilases with significant nitrile hydratase activity to exploit their potential in benzylic amide biosynthesis. We also investigated the factors affecting their hydration activity to support further research on benzylic amide production by nitrilase. METHODS A sequence-based screening method using previously reported crucial positions identified to be essential for amide-forming capacity of nitrilase (referred to as "amide-formation hotspots") as molecular probes to identify putative amide-forming nitrilases. RESULTS Based on the previously reported "amide-formation hotspots," we identified a nitrilase NitPG from Paraburkholderia graminis DSM 17151 that could produce a significant amount of mandelamide toward mandelonitrile and exhibited general hydration activity toward various benzylic nitriles. The time-course experiment with NitPG demonstrated that amide was also a true reaction product of nitrilase, suggesting that the nitrile catalysis by amide-forming nitrilase could be a post-transition state bifurcation-mediated enzymatic reaction. Further research demonstrated that low temperature, metal ion addition, and specific substrate structure could profoundly improve the amide formation capability of nitrilase. CONCLUSIONS NitPG with broad hydration activity is a potential candidate for the enzymatic synthesis of benzylic amides for biotechnological applications. Studying the effect of nitrilase hydration activity could promote our understanding of the factors that influence amide and acid distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, New World Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingze Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, New World Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Liuzhu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, New World Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Hualei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, New World Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuhong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, New World Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongzhi Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, New World Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
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14
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Abstract
The asymmetric hydroaminocarbonylation of olefins represents a straightforward approach for the synthesis of enantioenriched amides, but is hampered by the necessity to employ CO gas, often at elevated pressures. We herein describe, as an alternative, an enantioselective hydrocarbamoylation of alkenes leveraging dual copper hydride and palladium catalysis to enable the use of readily available carbamoyl chlorides as a practical carbamoylating reagent. The protocol is applicable to various types of olefins, including alkenyl arenes, terminal alkenes, and 1,1-disubstituted alkenes. Substrates containing a diverse range of functional groups as well as heterocyclic substructures undergo functionalization to provide α- and β-chiral amides in good yields and with excellent enantioselectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Feng
- Department of ChemistryMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA 02139USA
| | - Yuyang Dong
- Department of ChemistryMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA 02139USA
| | - Stephen L. Buchwald
- Department of ChemistryMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA 02139USA
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15
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Microbiological Aspects of Unique, Rare, and Unusual Fatty Acids Derived from Natural Amides and Their Pharmacological Profile. MICROBIOLOGY RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/microbiolres13030030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the proposed review, the pharmacological profile of unique, rare, and unusual fatty acids derived from natural amides is considered. These amides are produced by various microorganisms, lichens, and fungi. The biological activity of some natural fatty acid amides has been determined by their isolation from natural sources, but the biological activity of fatty acids has not been practically studied. According to QSAR data, the biological activity of fatty acids is shown, which demonstrated strong antifungal, antibacterial, antiviral, antineoplastic, anti-inflammatory activities. Moreover, some fatty acids have shown rare activities such as antidiabetic, anti-infective, anti-eczematic, antimutagenic, and anti-psoriatic activities. For some fatty acids that have pronounced biological properties, 3D graphs are shown that show a graphical representation of unique activities. These data are undoubtedly of both theoretical and practical interest for chemists, pharmacologists, as well as for the pharmaceutical industry, which is engaged in the synthesis of biologically active drugs.
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16
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Feng S, Dong Y, Buchwald SL. Enantioselective Hydrocarbamoylation of Alkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202206692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Feng
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Chemistry 235 Albany St1050 02139 Cambridge CHINA
| | - Yuyang Dong
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Chemistry CHINA
| | - Stephen L. Buchwald
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Department of Chemistry 77 Massachusetts AvenueRoom18-490 2139 Cambridge UNITED STATES
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17
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Liu A, Li Y, Zhang X, Kuang Q, Li S, Liao S, Huang X, Wang Y, Xu P, Wu H, Guo M, Ma W, Song Y, Hu X, Yuan J. Pyridine hydrochloride-promoted C C bond cleavage approach: A metal-free and peroxide-free facile method for the synthesis of amide derivatives. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2022.153967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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18
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León Sandoval A, Doherty KE, Wadey GP, Leadbeater NE. Solvent- and additive-free oxidative amidation of aldehydes using a recyclable oxoammonium salt. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:2249-2254. [PMID: 35230379 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00307d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A range of acyl azoles have been prepared from aromatic, heteroaromatic, and aliphatic aldehydes by means of an oxidative amidation reaction. The methodology employs a substoichiometric quantity of an oxoammonium salt as the oxidant. It avoids the need for additives such as a base, is run solvent-free, and the oxoammonium salt is recyclable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo León Sandoval
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA.
| | - Katrina E Doherty
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA.
| | - Geoffrey P Wadey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA.
| | - Nicholas E Leadbeater
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA.
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19
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SINGH JITENDER, Sharma A. Green and Sustainable Visible Light-Mediated Formation of Amide Bonds: An Emerging Niche in Organic Chemistry. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj02406c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Amide bond is one of the most fascinating functional groups in nature due to its stability, conformational diversity, high bond polarity, and abundance in numerous natural products and drug candidates,...
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20
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Dell M, Dunbar KL, Hertweck C. Ribosome-independent peptide biosynthesis: the challenge of a unifying nomenclature. Nat Prod Rep 2021; 39:453-459. [PMID: 34586117 DOI: 10.1039/d1np00019e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The first machineries for non-ribosomal peptide (NRP) biosynthesis were uncovered over 50 years ago, and the dissection of these megasynthetases set the stage for the nomenclature system that has been used ever since. Although the number of exceptions to the canonical biosynthetic pathways has surged in the intervening years, the NRP synthetase (NRPS) classification system has remained relatively unchanged. This has led to the exclusion of many biosynthetic pathways whose biosynthetic machineries violate the classical rules for NRP assembly, and ultimately to a rupture in the field of NRP biosynthesis. In an attempt to unify the classification of NRP pathways and to facilitate the communication within the research field, we propose a revised framework for grouping ribosome-independent peptide biosynthetic pathways based on recognizable commonalities in their biosynthetic logic. Importantly, the framework can be further refined as needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Dell
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Beutenbergstr. 11a, 07745, Jena, Germany.
| | - Kyle L Dunbar
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Beutenbergstr. 11a, 07745, Jena, Germany.
| | - Christian Hertweck
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Beutenbergstr. 11a, 07745, Jena, Germany. .,Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743, Jena, Germany
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21
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Crochet P, Cadierno V. Access to
α
‐ and
β
‐Hydroxyamides and Ureas Through Metal‐Catalyzed C≡N Bond Hydration and Transfer Hydration Reactions. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pascale Crochet
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica Universidad de Oviedo Julián Clavería 8 33006 Oviedo Spain
| | - Victorio Cadierno
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica Universidad de Oviedo Julián Clavería 8 33006 Oviedo Spain
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22
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Zhou QQ, Zou YQ, Kar S, Diskin-Posner Y, Ben-David Y, Milstein D. Manganese-Pincer-Catalyzed Nitrile Hydration, α-Deuteration, and α-Deuterated Amide Formation via Metal Ligand Cooperation. ACS Catal 2021; 11:10239-10245. [PMID: 34476112 PMCID: PMC8383274 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c01748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
![]()
A simple and efficient
system for the hydration and α-deuteration
of nitriles to form amides, α-deuterated nitriles, and α-deuterated
amides catalyzed by a single pincer complex of the earth-abundant
manganese capable of metal–ligand cooperation is reported.
The reaction is selective and tolerates a wide range of functional
groups, giving the corresponding amides in moderate to good yields.
Changing the solvent from tert-butanol to toluene
and using D2O results in formation of α-deuterated
nitriles in high selectivity. Moreover, α-deuterated amides
can be obtained in one step directly from nitriles and D2O in THF. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggest the transformations
contributing toward activation of the nitriles via a metal–ligand
cooperative pathway, generating the manganese ketimido and enamido
pincer complexes as the key intermediates for further transformations.
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23
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Le MT, Morato NM, Kaerner A, Welch CJ, Cooks RG. Fragmentation of Polyfunctional Compounds Recorded Using Automated High-Throughput Desorption Electrospray Ionization. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2021; 32:2261-2273. [PMID: 34280312 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.1c00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Using desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) as part of an automated high-throughput system, tandem mass spectra of the compounds in a pharmaceutical library were recorded in the positive mode under standardized conditions. Quality control filtering yielded an MS/MS library of 16 662 spectra. Fragmentation of subsets of the compounds in the library chosen to contain a single instance of a particular functional group (amide, piperazine, sulfonamide) was predicted by experts, and the results were compared with the experimental data. Expert performance was good to excellent for all the cases evaluated. Substituents on the functional groups were found to exert important secondary control over the fragmentation, with the main effect observed being product ion stabilization by aromatic substitution, which was consistent across the different groups evaluated. These substituent effects are generally explicable in terms of standard physical organic chemistry considerations of product ion stability as controlling fragmentation. A somewhat unexpected feature was the incidence of homolytic cleavages, driven by the stability of substituted amine radical cations. The findings of this study are intended to lay the groundwork for machine learning approaches to performing MS/MS spectrum → structure and structure → MS/MS spectrum operations on the same experimental data set. The effort involved and the success achieved in computer-aided interpretation, now underway, will be compared with the expert performance as described here.
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Affiliation(s)
- MyPhuong T Le
- Department of Chemistry and Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Nicolás M Morato
- Department of Chemistry and Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Andreas Kaerner
- Discovery Chemistry Research and Technologies, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Christopher J Welch
- Indiana Consortium for Analytical Science and Engineering (ICASE), Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - R Graham Cooks
- Department of Chemistry and Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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24
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A [3Fe-4S] cluster and tRNA-dependent aminoacyltransferase BlsK in the biosynthesis of Blasticidin S. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2102318118. [PMID: 34282016 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2102318118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Blasticidin S is a peptidyl nucleoside antibiotic. Its biosynthesis involves a cryptic leucylation and two leucylated intermediates, LDBS and LBS, have been found in previous studies. Leucylation has been proposed to be a new self-resistance mechanism during blasticidin S biosynthesis, and the leucyl group was found to be important for the methylation of β-amino group of the arginine side chain. However, the responsible enzyme and its associated mechanism of the leucyl transfer process remain to be elucidated. Here, we report results investigating the leucyl transfer step forming the intermediate LDBS in blasticidin biosynthesis. A hypothetical protein, BlsK, has been characterized by genetic and in vitro biochemical experiments. This enzyme catalyzes the leucyl transfer from leucyl-transfer RNA (leucyl-tRNA) to the β-amino group on the arginine side chain of DBS. Furthermore, BlsK was found to contain an iron-sulfur cluster that is necessary for activity. These findings provide an example of an iron-sulfur protein that catalyzes an aminoacyl-tRNA (aa-tRNA)-dependent amide bond formation in a natural product biosynthetic pathway.
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25
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Xu Z, Yang T, Tang N, Ou Y, Yin SF, Kambe N, Qiu R. UV-Light-Induced N-Acylation of Amines with α-Diketones. Org Lett 2021; 23:5329-5333. [PMID: 34181430 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we develop a mild method for N-acylation of primary and secondary amines with α-diketones induced by ultraviolet (UV) light. Forty-six examples with various functional groups are explored at room temperature with irradiation by three 26 W UV lamps (350-380 nm). The yield reaches 97%. The gram scale experiment product yield is 76%. Moreover, this system can be applied to the synthesis of several amino acid derivatives. Mechanistic studies show that benzoin is generated in situ from benzil under UV irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Tianbao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Niu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Yifeng Ou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Shuang-Feng Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Nobuaki Kambe
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China.,The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Renhua Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
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26
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Kamal M, Jawaid T, Dar UA, Shah SA. Amide as a Potential Pharmacophore for Drug Designing of Novel Anticonvulsant Compounds. CHEMISTRY OF BIOLOGICALLY POTENT NATURAL PRODUCTS AND SYNTHETIC COMPOUNDS 2021:319-342. [DOI: 10.1002/9781119640929.ch11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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27
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Hamley IW. Biocatalysts Based on Peptide and Peptide Conjugate Nanostructures. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:1835-1855. [PMID: 33843196 PMCID: PMC8154259 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Peptides and their conjugates (to lipids, bulky N-terminals, or other groups) can self-assemble into nanostructures such as fibrils, nanotubes, coiled coil bundles, and micelles, and these can be used as platforms to present functional residues in order to catalyze a diversity of reactions. Peptide structures can be used to template catalytic sites inspired by those present in natural enzymes as well as simpler constructs using individual catalytic amino acids, especially proline and histidine. The literature on the use of peptide (and peptide conjugate) α-helical and β-sheet structures as well as turn or disordered peptides in the biocatalysis of a range of organic reactions including hydrolysis and a variety of coupling reactions (e.g., aldol reactions) is reviewed. The simpler design rules for peptide structures compared to those of folded proteins permit ready ab initio design (minimalist approach) of effective catalytic structures that mimic the binding pockets of natural enzymes or which simply present catalytic motifs at high density on nanostructure scaffolds. Research on these topics is summarized, along with a discussion of metal nanoparticle catalysts templated by peptide nanostructures, especially fibrils. Research showing the high activities of different classes of peptides in catalyzing many reactions is highlighted. Advances in peptide design and synthesis methods mean they hold great potential for future developments of effective bioinspired and biocompatible catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian W. Hamley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, RG6 6AD Reading, United Kingdom
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28
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Marzo L. Recent Advances in Organic Synthesis Using Light‐Mediated N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Catalysis. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leyre Marzo
- Organic Chemistry Department Módulo 1 Universidad Autónoma de Madrid C/Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7 Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
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29
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Lima RN, L. L. Vaz A, Clososki GC, Porto ALM. Sustainable Synthesis of Amides from Ethyl 3‐(4‐Hydroxyphenyl) Propionate. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202100883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rafaely N. Lima
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos Universidade de São Paulo Av. João Dagnone, 1100, Santa Angelina 13563-120 São Carlos, SP Brazil
| | - Artur L. L. Vaz
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto Universidade de São Paulo Av. do Café, s/n 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP Brazil
| | - Giuliano C. Clososki
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto Universidade de São Paulo Av. do Café, s/n 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP Brazil
| | - André L. M. Porto
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos Universidade de São Paulo Av. João Dagnone, 1100, Santa Angelina 13563-120 São Carlos, SP Brazil
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30
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Ramachandran PV, Hamann HJ. Ammonia-borane as a Catalyst for the Direct Amidation of Carboxylic Acids. Org Lett 2021; 23:2938-2942. [PMID: 33826344 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ammonia-borane serves as an efficient substoichiometric (10%) precatalyst for the direct amidation of both aromatic and aliphatic carboxylic acids. In situ generation of amine-boranes precedes the amidation and, unlike the amidation with stoichiometric amine-boranes, this process is facile with 1 equiv of the acid. This methodology has high functional group tolerance and chromatography-free purification but is not amenable for esterification. The latter feature has been exploited to prepare hydroxyl- and thiol-containing amides.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Veeraraghavan Ramachandran
- Herbert C. Brown Center for Borane Research, Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Henry J Hamann
- Herbert C. Brown Center for Borane Research, Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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31
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Arene-ruthenium(II) and osmium(II) complexes as catalysts for nitrile hydration and aldoxime rearrangement reactions. Inorganica Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2020.120180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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32
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Chakraborty S, Peruncheralathan S, Ghosh A. Paracetamol and other acetanilide analogs as inter-molecular hydrogen bonding assisted diamagnetic CEST MRI contrast agents. RSC Adv 2021; 11:6526-6534. [PMID: 35423188 PMCID: PMC8694904 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra10410h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Paracetamol and a few other acetanilide derivatives are reported as a special class of diamagnetic Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (diaCEST) MRI contrast agents, that exhibit contrast only when the molecules form inter-molecular hydrogen bonding mediated molecular chains or sheets. Without the protection of the hydrogen bonding their contrast producing labile proton exchanges too quickly with the solvent to produce any appreciable contrast. Through a number of variable temperature experiments we demonstrate that under the conditions when the hydrogen bond network breaks and the high exchange returns back, the contrast drops quickly. The well-known analgesic drug paracetamol shows 12% contrast at a concentration of 15 mM at physiological conditions. With the proven safety track-record for human consumption and appreciable physiological contrast, paracetamol shows promise as a diaCEST agent for in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhayan Chakraborty
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), HBNI Bhubaneswar 752050 Odisha India
| | - S Peruncheralathan
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), HBNI Bhubaneswar 752050 Odisha India
| | - Arindam Ghosh
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), HBNI Bhubaneswar 752050 Odisha India
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33
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Recent Advances in the Application of Metal–Organic Frameworks for Polymerization and Oligomerization Reactions. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10121441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymers have become one of the major types of materials that are essential in our daily life. The controlled synthesis of value-added polymers with unique mechanical and chemical properties have attracted broad research interest. Metal–organic framework (MOF) is a class of porous material with immense structural diversity which offers unique advantages for catalyzing polymerization and oligomerization reactions including the uniformity of the catalytic active site, and the templating effect of the nano-sized channels. We summarized in this review the important recent progress in the field of MOF-catalyzed and MOF-templated polymerizations, to reveal the chemical principle and structural aspects of these systems and hope to inspire the future design of novel polymerization systems with improved activity and specificity.
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34
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Ramachandran PV, Hamann HJ, Choudhary S. Amine-boranes as Dual-Purpose Reagents for Direct Amidation of Carboxylic Acids. Org Lett 2020; 22:8593-8597. [PMID: 33108211 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Amine-boranes serve as dual-purpose reagents for direct amidation, activating aliphatic and aromatic carboxylic acids and, subsequently, delivering amines to provide the corresponding amides in up to 99% yields. Delivery of gaseous or low-boiling amines as their borane complexes provides a major advantage over existing methodologies. Utilizing amine-boranes containing borane incompatible functionalities allows for the preparation of functionalized amides. An intermolecular mechanism proceeding through a triacyloxyborane-amine complex is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Veeraraghavan Ramachandran
- Herbert C. Brown Center for Borane Research, Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Henry J Hamann
- Herbert C. Brown Center for Borane Research, Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Shivani Choudhary
- Herbert C. Brown Center for Borane Research, Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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35
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Liu MS, Shu W. Catalytic, Metal-Free Amide Synthesis from Aldehydes and Imines Enabled by a Dual-Catalyzed Umpolung Strategy under Redox-Neutral Conditions. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c04070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Shang Liu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Shu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
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36
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Patel KP, Gayakwad EM, Shankarling GS. Graphene Oxide as a Metal‐free Carbocatalyst for Direct Amide Synthesis from Carboxylic Acid and Amine Under Solvent‐Free Reaction Condition. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202000870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Khushbu P. Patel
- Department of Dyestuff Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, N. P. Marg, Mat Department of Dyestuff Technology Institute of Chemical Technology, N. P. Marg, Matunga Mumbai 400019 India
| | - Eknath M. Gayakwad
- Department of Dyestuff Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, N. P. Marg, Mat Department of Dyestuff Technology Institute of Chemical Technology, N. P. Marg, Matunga Mumbai 400019 India
| | - Ganapati S. Shankarling
- Department of Dyestuff Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, N. P. Marg, Mat Department of Dyestuff Technology Institute of Chemical Technology, N. P. Marg, Matunga Mumbai 400019 India
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37
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Han M, Yang M, Wu R, Li Y, Jia T, Gao Y, Ni HL, Hu P, Wang BQ, Cao P. Highly Enantioselective Iridium-Catalyzed Coupling Reaction of Vinyl Azides and Racemic Allylic Carbonates. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:13398-13405. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c01766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Han
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, China
| | - Min Yang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, China
| | - Rui Wu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, China
| | - Yang Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, China
| | - Tao Jia
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, China
| | - Yuanji Gao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, China
| | - Hai-Liang Ni
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, China
| | - Ping Hu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, China
| | - Bi-Qin Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, China
| | - Peng Cao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, China
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Petchey MR, Rowlinson B, Lloyd RC, Fairlamb IJS, Grogan G. Biocatalytic Synthesis of Moclobemide Using the Amide Bond Synthetase McbA Coupled with an ATP Recycling System. ACS Catal 2020; 10:4659-4663. [PMID: 32337091 PMCID: PMC7171872 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c00929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The biocatalytic synthesis of amides from carboxylic acids and primary amines in aqueous media can be achieved using the ATP-dependent amide bond synthetase McbA, via an adenylate intermediate, using only 1.5 equiv of the amine nucleophile. Following earlier studies that characterized the broad carboxylic acid specificity of McbA, we now show that, in addition to the natural amine substrate 2-phenylethylamine, a range of simple aliphatic amines, including methylamine, butylamine, and hexylamine, and propargylamine are coupled efficiently to the native carboxylic acid substrate 1-acetyl-9H-β-carboline-3-carboxylic acid by the enzyme, to give amide products with up to >99% conversion. The structure of wild-type McbA in its amidation conformation, coupled with modeling and mutational studies, reveal an amine access tunnel and a possible role for residue D201 in amine activation. Amide couplings were slower with anilines and alicyclic secondary amines such as pyrrolidine and piperidine. The broader substrate specificity of McbA was exploited in the synthesis of the monoamine oxidase A inhibitor moclobemide, through the reaction of 4-chlorobenzoic acid with 1.5 equiv of 4-(2-aminoethyl)morpholine, and utilizing polyphosphate kinases SmPPK and AjPPK in the presence of polyphosphoric acid and 0.1 equiv of ATP, required for recycling of the cofactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R. Petchey
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, YO10 5DD York, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin Rowlinson
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, YO10 5DD York, United Kingdom
| | - Richard C. Lloyd
- GSK Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Ian J. S. Fairlamb
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, YO10 5DD York, United Kingdom
| | - Gideon Grogan
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, YO10 5DD York, United Kingdom
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39
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Harnessing and engineering amide bond forming ligases for the synthesis of amides. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2020; 55:77-85. [PMID: 32058241 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2019.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The amide functional group is ubiquitous in nature and one of the most important motifs in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and other valuable products. While coupling amides and carboxylic acids is a trivial synthetic transformation, it often requires protective group manipulation, along with stoichiometric quantities of expensive and deleterious coupling reagents. Nature has evolved a range of enzymes to construct amide bonds, the vast majority of which utilize adenosine triphosphate to activate the carboxylic acid substrate for amine coupling. Despite the fact that these enzymes operate under mild conditions, as well as possessing chemoselectivity and regioselectivity that obviates the need for protecting groups, their synthetic potential has been largely unexplored. In this review, we discuss recent research into the discovery, characterization, and development of amide bond forming enzymes, with an emphasis on stand-alone ligase enzymes that can generate amides directly from simple carboxylic acid and amine substrates.
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40
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Mikshiev VY, Pozharskii AF, Filarowski A, Novikov AS, Antonov AS, Tolstoy PM, Vovk MA, Khoroshilova OV. How Strong is Hydrogen Bonding to Amide Nitrogen? Chemphyschem 2020; 21:651-658. [PMID: 31953976 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201901104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The protonation of the carboxamide nitrogen atom is an essential part of in vivo and in vitro processes (cis-trans isomerization, amides hydrolysis etc). This phenomenon is well studied in geometrically strongly distorted amides, although there is little data concerning the protonation of undistorted amides. In the latter case, the participation of amide nitrogen in hydrogen bonding (which can be regarded as the incipient state of a proton transfer process) is less well-studied. Thus, it would be a worthy goal to investigate the enthalpy of this interaction. We prepared and investigated a set of peri-substituted naphthalenes containing the protonated dimethylamino group next to the amide nitrogen atom ("amide proton sponges"), which could serve as models for the study of an intramolecular hydrogen bond with the amide nitrogen atom. X-Ray analysis, NMR spectra, basicity values as well as quantum chemical calculations revealed the existence of a hydrogen bond with the amide nitrogen, that should be attributed to the borderline between moderate and weak intramolecular hydrogen bonds (2-7 kcal ⋅ mol-1 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Y Mikshiev
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskii pr. 26, 198504, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander F Pozharskii
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Southern Federal University, Zorge str. 7, 344090, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander Filarowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University, F. Joliot-Curie str. 14, 50-383, Wroclaw, Poland
- Industrial University of Tyumen, Volodarskogo str. 38, 625000, Tyumen, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander S Novikov
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskii pr. 26, 198504, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander S Antonov
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskii pr. 26, 198504, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Peter M Tolstoy
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskii pr. 26, 198504, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail A Vovk
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskii pr. 26, 198504, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Olesya V Khoroshilova
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskii pr. 26, 198504, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
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42
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Lelièvre CM, Balandras M, Petit J, Vergne‐Vaxelaire C, Zaparucha A. ATP Regeneration System in Chemoenzymatic Amide Bond Formation with Thermophilic CoA Ligase. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201901870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chloé M. Lelièvre
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ EvryUniversité Paris-Saclay 2 rue Gaston Crémieux 91057 Evry France
| | - Mélanie Balandras
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ EvryUniversité Paris-Saclay 2 rue Gaston Crémieux 91057 Evry France
| | - Jean‐Louis Petit
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ EvryUniversité Paris-Saclay 2 rue Gaston Crémieux 91057 Evry France
| | - Carine Vergne‐Vaxelaire
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ EvryUniversité Paris-Saclay 2 rue Gaston Crémieux 91057 Evry France
| | - Anne Zaparucha
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ EvryUniversité Paris-Saclay 2 rue Gaston Crémieux 91057 Evry France
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43
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Abstract
Double C–N bond cleavage of amides and tertiary amines afforded the transamidated products in good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Aliyu Idris
- Department of Chemistry
- Chonnam National University
- Gwangju 61186
- Republic of Korea
| | - Sunwoo Lee
- Department of Chemistry
- Chonnam National University
- Gwangju 61186
- Republic of Korea
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44
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Patel KP, Gayakwad EM, Shankarling GS. Graphene oxide: a convenient metal-free carbocatalyst for facilitating amidation of esters with amines. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj05283f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we have reported a graphene oxide (GO) catalyzed condensation of non-activated esters and amines, that can enable diverse amides to be synthesized from abundant ethyl esters forming only volatile alcohol as a by-product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushbu P. Patel
- Department of Dyestuff Technology
- Institute of Chemical Technology
- Mumbai – 400019
- India
| | - Eknath M. Gayakwad
- Department of Dyestuff Technology
- Institute of Chemical Technology
- Mumbai – 400019
- India
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45
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Sun Y, Zhang G. Photoinduced Decarboxylative Amino‐Fluoroalkylation of Maleic Anhydride. Chemistry 2019; 26:419-422. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Youwen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic ChemistryShanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryCenter for Excellence in Molecular SynthesisUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 P. R. China
| | - Guozhu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic ChemistryShanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryCenter for Excellence in Molecular SynthesisUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 P. R. China
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46
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R. Petchey
- York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry University of York Heslington, York YO10 5DD U.K
| | - Gideon Grogan
- York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry University of York Heslington, York YO10 5DD U.K
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47
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Tee KL, Xu JH, Wong TS. Protein engineering for bioreduction of carboxylic acids. J Biotechnol 2019; 303:53-64. [PMID: 31325477 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Carboxylic acids (CAs) are widespread in Nature. A prominent example is fatty acids, a major constituent of lipids. CAs are potentially economical precursors for bio-based products such as bio-aldehydes and bio-alcohols. However, carboxylate reduction is a challenging chemical transformation due to the thermodynamic stability of carboxylate. Carboxylic acid reductases (CARs), found in bacteria and fungi, offer a good solution to this challenge. These enzymes catalyse the NADPH- and ATP-dependent reduction of aliphatic and aromatic CAs. This review summarised all the protein engineering work that has been done on these versatile biocatalysts to date. The intricate catalytic mechanism and structure of CARs prompted us to first examine their domain architecture to facilitate the subsequent discussion of various protein engineering strategies. This then led to a survey of assays to detect aldehyde formation and to monitor aldenylation activity. Strategies for NADPH and ATP regeneration were also incorporated, as they are deemed vital to developing preparative-scale biocatalytic process and high-throughput screening systems. The objectives of the review are to consolidate CAR engineering research, stimulate interest, discussion or debate, and advance the field of bioreduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Lan Tee
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering and Advanced Biomanufacturing Centre, University of Sheffield, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom
| | - Jian-He Xu
- Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Tuck Seng Wong
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering and Advanced Biomanufacturing Centre, University of Sheffield, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom.
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48
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Marchetti PM, Richardson SM, Kariem NM, Campopiano DJ. Synthesis of N-acyl amide natural products using a versatile adenylating biocatalyst. MEDCHEMCOMM 2019; 10:1192-1196. [PMID: 31741729 PMCID: PMC6677021 DOI: 10.1039/c9md00063a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
TamA is the enzyme that controls the acyl chain length of the tambjamine natural products. Here we show that the catalytic ANL domain of TamA can be used to prepare a range of N-acyl amides.
Natural products are secondary metabolites produced by many different organisms such as bacteria, fungi and plants. These biologically active molecules have been widely exploited for clinical application. Here we investigate TamA, a key enzyme from the biosynthetic pathway of tambjamine YP1, an acylated bipyrrole that is produced by the marine microorganism Pseudoalteromonas tunicata. TamA is a didomain enzyme composed of a catalytic adenylation (ANL) and an acyl carrier protein (ACP) domain that together control the fatty acid chain length of the YP1. Here we show that the TamA ANL domain alone can be used to generate a range of acyl adenylates that can be captured by a number of amines thus leading to the production of a series of fatty N-acyl amides. We exploit this biocatalytic promiscuity to produce the recently discovered class of N-acyl histidine amide natural products from Legionella pneumophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piera M Marchetti
- EastCHEM School of Chemistry , University of Edinburgh , David Brewster Road , Edinburgh , EH9 3FJ , UK .
| | - Shona M Richardson
- EastCHEM School of Chemistry , University of Edinburgh , David Brewster Road , Edinburgh , EH9 3FJ , UK .
| | - Noor M Kariem
- EastCHEM School of Chemistry , University of Edinburgh , David Brewster Road , Edinburgh , EH9 3FJ , UK .
| | - Dominic J Campopiano
- EastCHEM School of Chemistry , University of Edinburgh , David Brewster Road , Edinburgh , EH9 3FJ , UK .
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49
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
Peptides, biologically occurring oligomers of amino acids linked by amide bonds, are essential for living organisms. Many peptides isolated as natural products have biological functions such as antimicrobial, antivirus and insecticidal activities. Peptides often possess structural features or modifications not found in proteins, including the presence of nonproteinogenic amino acids, macrocyclic ring formation, heterocyclization, N-methylation and decoration by sugars or acyl groups. Nature employs various strategies to increase the structural diversity of peptides. Enzymes that modify peptides to yield mature natural products are of great interest for discovering new enzyme chemistry and are important for medicinal chemistry applications. We have discovered novel peptide modifying enzymes and have identified: (i) a new class of amide bond forming-enzymes; (ii) a pathway to biosynthesize a carbonylmethylene-containing pseudodipeptide structure; and (iii) two distinct peptide epimerases. In this review, an overview of our findings on peptide modifying enzymes is presented.
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50
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Michigami K, Murakami H, Nakamura T, Hayama N, Takemoto Y. Catalytic asymmetric aza-Michael addition of fumaric monoacids with multifunctional thiourea/boronic acids. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:2331-2335. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00045c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Chiral multifunctional thiourea/boronic acid catalysts enabled the synthesis of N-hydroxyaspartate derivatives applicable for KAHA amidation through acid-β selective aza-Michael addition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Michigami
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 606-8501
- Japan
| | - Hiroki Murakami
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 606-8501
- Japan
| | - Takeru Nakamura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 606-8501
- Japan
| | - Noboru Hayama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 606-8501
- Japan
| | - Yoshiji Takemoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 606-8501
- Japan
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