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Yang Z, Wang C, Liu J, Xiao L, Guo L, Xie J. In Silico-Ex Vitro Iteration Strategy for Affinity Maturation of Anti-Ricin Peptides and the SPR Biosensing Application. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:490. [PMID: 37624247 PMCID: PMC10467137 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15080490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The highly toxic plant toxin ricin is one of the most known threatening toxins. Accurate and sensitive biosensing methods for the first emergency response and intoxication treatment, are always pursued in the biodefense field. Screening affinity molecules is the fundamental mainstream approach for developing biosensing methods. Compared with common affinity molecules such as antibodies and oligonucleotide aptamers, peptides have great potential as biosensing modules with more accessible chemical synthesis capability and better batch-to-batch stability than antibodies, more abundant interaction sites, and robust sensing performance towards complex environments. However, anti-ricin peptides are so scant to be screened and discovered, and an advanced screening strategy is the utmost to tackle this issue. Here, we present a new in silico-in vitro iteration-assisted affinity maturation strategy of anti-ricin peptides. We first obtained affinity peptides targeting ricin through phage display with five panning rounds of "coating-elution-amplification-enrichment" procedures. The binding affinity and kinetic parameters characterized by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) showed that we had obtained four peptides owning dissociation constants (KD) around 2~35 μM, in which peptide PD-2-R5 has the lower KD of 4.7 μM and higher stable posture to interact with ricin. We then constructed a new strategy for affinity maturity, composing two rounds of in silico-in vitro iterations. Firstly, towards the single-site alanine scanning mutation peptide library, the molecular docking predictions match the SPR evaluation results well, laying a solid foundation for designing a full saturation mutated peptide library. Secondly, plenty of in silico saturation mutation prediction results guided the discovery of peptides PD2-R5-T3 and PD-2-R5-T4 with higher affinity from only a limited number of SPR evaluation experiments. Both evolved peptides had increased affinity by about 5~20 times, i.e., KD of 230 nM and 900 nM. A primary cellular toxicity assay indicated that both peptides could protect cells against ricin damage. We further established an SPR assay based on PD-2-R5-T3 and PD-2-R5-T4 elongated with an antifouling peptide linkage and achieved good linearity with a sensitivity of 1 nM and 0.5 nM, respectively. We hope this new affinity-mature strategy will find its favorable position in relevant peptide evolution, biosensing, and medical countermeasures for biotoxins to protect society's security and human life better.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, and Laboratory of Toxicant Analysis, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Chuang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, and Laboratory of Toxicant Analysis, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine Ministry of Education (Minzu University of China), School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, and Laboratory of Toxicant Analysis, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei Science and Technology University, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Lan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, and Laboratory of Toxicant Analysis, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine Ministry of Education (Minzu University of China), School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, and Laboratory of Toxicant Analysis, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Jianwei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, and Laboratory of Toxicant Analysis, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
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Zhai Y, Yu H, Liu X, Zhang M, Han R, Yin C, Liu X, Li H, Li J, Song X. Visual detection of Staphylococcus aureus based on immunomagnetic separation and polymerase spiral reaction. Food Control 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2023.109621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Yun S, Lee S, Park JP, Choo J, Lee E. Modification of phage display technique for improved screening of high-affinity binding peptides. J Biotechnol 2019; 289:88-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2018.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Fang YM, Lin DQ, Yao SJ. Review on biomimetic affinity chromatography with short peptide ligands and its application to protein purification. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1571:1-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.07.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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