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Shen W, Zhang Y, Wang D, Jiao S, Zhang L, Sun J. Improving the production of natamycin in Streptomyces natalensis HW-2 by L-valine feeding. Food Sci Biotechnol 2024; 33:3323-3333. [PMID: 39328235 PMCID: PMC11422316 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-024-01570-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
L-valine (L-Val) was previously confirmed to promote natamycin biosynthesis in S. natalensis HW-2. In this study, natamycin yield was 1.9-fold increase with 0.5 g/L L-Val feeding. The level of free amino acids in the broth was significantly affected. Transcriptome analysis showed that 646 and 189 genes were significantly differential expression at 48 h and 60 h, respectively. 7 differential expression genes in branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) degradation were up-regulated. To further investigate the role of BCAAs degradation on natamycin biosynthesis, the gene ilvE, which encoded branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase (BCAT), was homologously overexpressed. The optimal mutant, S. natalensis LY08, was obtained, and its natamycin production was increased by 179%. With the optimized L-Val supplementation concentration, natamycin yield was increased to 2.02 g/L by strain LY08. This finding indicated the roles of BCAAs degradation on natamycin biosynthesis, and provided an efficient strategy to improve natamycin production in S. natalensis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10068-024-01570-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Shen
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science & Technology, Luoyang, 471023 China
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science & Technology, Luoyang, 471023 China
| | - Dahong Wang
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science & Technology, Luoyang, 471023 China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, Luoyang, 471023 China
| | - Shiyang Jiao
- Tongliao Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Science Research Institute, Tongliao, 028015 China
| | - Luyao Zhang
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science & Technology, Luoyang, 471023 China
| | - Jianrui Sun
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science & Technology, Luoyang, 471023 China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, Luoyang, 471023 China
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2
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MacNair CR, Tsai CN, Rutherford ST, Tan MW. Returning to Nature for the Next Generation of Antimicrobial Therapeutics. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1267. [PMID: 37627687 PMCID: PMC10451936 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12081267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics found in and inspired by nature are life-saving cures for bacterial infections and have enabled modern medicine. However, the rise in resistance necessitates the discovery and development of novel antibiotics and alternative treatment strategies to prevent the return to a pre-antibiotic era. Once again, nature can serve as a source for new therapies in the form of natural product antibiotics and microbiota-based therapies. Screening of soil bacteria, particularly actinomycetes, identified most of the antibiotics used in the clinic today, but the rediscovery of existing molecules prompted a shift away from natural product discovery. Next-generation sequencing technologies and bioinformatics advances have revealed the untapped metabolic potential harbored within the genomes of environmental microbes. In this review, we first highlight current strategies for mining this untapped chemical space, including approaches to activate silent biosynthetic gene clusters and in situ culturing methods. Next, we describe how using live microbes in microbiota-based therapies can simultaneously leverage many of the diverse antimicrobial mechanisms found in nature to treat disease and the impressive efficacy of fecal microbiome transplantation and bacterial consortia on infection. Nature-provided antibiotics are some of the most important drugs in human history, and new technologies and approaches show that nature will continue to offer valuable inspiration for the next generation of antibacterial therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig R. MacNair
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA;
| | - Caressa N. Tsai
- School of Law, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA;
| | - Steven T. Rutherford
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA;
| | - Man-Wah Tan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA;
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3
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Santamaría RI, Martínez-Carrasco A, Martín J, Tormo JR, Pérez-Victoria I, González I, Genilloud O, Reyes F, Díaz M. Grapevine Xylem Sap Is a Potent Elicitor of Antibiotic Production in Streptomyces spp. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:672. [PMID: 35625316 PMCID: PMC9137808 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11050672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptomyces bacteria produce a wide number of antibiotics and antitumor compounds that have attracted the attention of pharmaceutical and biotech companies. In this study, we provide evidence showing that the xylem sap from grapevines has a positive effect on the production of different antibiotics by several Streptomyces species, including S. ambofaciens ATCC 23877 and S. argillaceus ATCC 12596 among others. The production of several already known compounds was induced: actinomycin D, chromomycin A3, fungichromin B, mithramycin A, etc., and four compounds with molecular formulas not included in the Dictionary of Natural Products (DNP v28.2) were also produced. The molecules present in the xylem sap that acts as elicitors were smaller than 3 kDa and soluble in water and insoluble in ether, ethyl acetate, or methanol. A combination of potassium citrate and di-D-fructose dianhydrides (related to levanbiose or inulobiose) seemed to be the main effectors identified from the active fraction. However, the level of induction obtained in the presence of these compounds mix was weaker and delayed with respect to the one got when using the whole xylem sap or the 3 kDa sap fraction, suggesting that another, not identified, elicitor must be also implied in this induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramón I. Santamaría
- Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Salamanca, C/Zacarías González nº 2, 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Ana Martínez-Carrasco
- Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Salamanca, C/Zacarías González nº 2, 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Jesús Martín
- Fundación MEDINA, Centro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores en Andalucía, Avda. del Conocimiento 34, 18016 Granada, Spain; (J.M.); (J.R.T.); (I.P.-V.); (I.G.); (O.G.); (F.R.)
| | - José R. Tormo
- Fundación MEDINA, Centro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores en Andalucía, Avda. del Conocimiento 34, 18016 Granada, Spain; (J.M.); (J.R.T.); (I.P.-V.); (I.G.); (O.G.); (F.R.)
| | - Ignacio Pérez-Victoria
- Fundación MEDINA, Centro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores en Andalucía, Avda. del Conocimiento 34, 18016 Granada, Spain; (J.M.); (J.R.T.); (I.P.-V.); (I.G.); (O.G.); (F.R.)
| | - Ignacio González
- Fundación MEDINA, Centro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores en Andalucía, Avda. del Conocimiento 34, 18016 Granada, Spain; (J.M.); (J.R.T.); (I.P.-V.); (I.G.); (O.G.); (F.R.)
| | - Olga Genilloud
- Fundación MEDINA, Centro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores en Andalucía, Avda. del Conocimiento 34, 18016 Granada, Spain; (J.M.); (J.R.T.); (I.P.-V.); (I.G.); (O.G.); (F.R.)
| | - Fernando Reyes
- Fundación MEDINA, Centro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores en Andalucía, Avda. del Conocimiento 34, 18016 Granada, Spain; (J.M.); (J.R.T.); (I.P.-V.); (I.G.); (O.G.); (F.R.)
| | - Margarita Díaz
- Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Salamanca, C/Zacarías González nº 2, 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
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4
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Zhang D, Bao Y, Ma Z, Zhou J, Chen H, Lu Y, Zhu L, Chen X. Optimization of fermentation medium and conditions for enhancing valinomycin production by Streptomyces sp. ZJUT-IFE-354. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 53:157-166. [PMID: 35323097 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2022.2053991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Valinomycin is a cyclodepsipeptide antibiotic with a broad spectrum of biological activities, such as antiviral, antitumor, and antifungal activities. However, the low yield of valinomycin often limits its applications in medicine, agriculture, and industry. In our previous report, Streptomyces sp. ZJUT-IFE-354 was identified as a high-yielding strain of valinomycin. In this study, Plackett-Burman design (PBD) and response surface methodology (RSM) were used to optimize components of medium. The optimal medium contained 31 g/L glucose, 22 g/L soybean meal, and 1.6 g/L K2HPO4·3H2O, which could generate 262.47 ± 4.28 mg/L of valinomycin. Then, the culture conditions were optimized by a one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) approach. The optimal conditions for the strain included a seed age of 24 h, an inoculum size of 8% (v/v), an incubation temperature of 28 °C, an initial pH of 7.2, an elicitor of 0.1% Bacillus cereus feeding at 24 h cultivation, and the feeding of 0.6% L-valine at 36 h cultivation. The final valinomycin production increased to 457.23 ± 9.52 mg/L, which was the highest yield ever reported. It highlights that RSM and OFAT may be efficient methods to enhance valinomycin production by Streptomyces sp. ZJUT-IFE-354.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zhang
- Institute of Fermentation Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China.,College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yingling Bao
- Institute of Fermentation Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China.,College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zhi Ma
- Institute of Fermentation Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China.,College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jiawei Zhou
- Institute of Fermentation Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China.,College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Hanchi Chen
- Institute of Fermentation Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China.,College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yuele Lu
- Institute of Fermentation Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China.,College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Linjiang Zhu
- Institute of Fermentation Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China.,College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolong Chen
- Institute of Fermentation Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China.,College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China
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5
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Efficient production of valinomycin by the soil bacterium, Streptomyces sp. ZJUT-IFE-354. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:2. [PMID: 34926115 PMCID: PMC8639877 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-03055-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel strain with antifungal activity against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum was isolated from soil, and identified as Streptomyces sp. ZJUT-IFE-354 using morphological and 16S rDNA sequence analysis. The bioactive metabolite produced by strain ZJUT-IFE-354 was identified and characterized as valinomycin by spectroscopic and chemical methods. The yield of valinomycin was 191.26 mg/L from the culture of Streptomyces sp. ZJUT-IFE-354, which was the highest yield to our knowledge. The in vitro antifungal activity of valinomycin against S. sclerotiorum was investigated as 0.056 ± 0.012 (EC50) and 0.121 ± 0.023 μg/mL (EC95), respectively, which was approximately 10.696- and 30.960-fold more active than that of carbendazim. The results from scanning electron microscopy, cell membrane permeability, and D-sorbitol and ergosterol assay indicated that valinomycin exerted the antifungal activity probably by increasing permeability of fungal cell membrane, leading to mycelial electrolyte leakage, and eventually resulting in the death of S. sclerotiorum. Thus, valinomycin may be a promising antifungal agent to control S. sclerotiorum. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-021-03055-5.
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6
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The Nonribosomal Peptide Valinomycin: From Discovery to Bioactivity and Biosynthesis. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9040780. [PMID: 33917912 PMCID: PMC8068249 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9040780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Valinomycin is a nonribosomal peptide that was discovered from Streptomyces in 1955. Over the past more than six decades, it has received continuous attention due to its special chemical structure and broad biological activities. Although many research papers have been published on valinomycin, there has not yet been a comprehensive review that summarizes the diverse studies ranging from structural characterization, biogenesis, and bioactivity to the identification of biosynthetic gene clusters and heterologous biosynthesis. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of valinomycin to address this gap, covering from 1955 to 2020. First, we introduce the chemical structure of valinomycin together with its chemical properties. Then, we summarize the broad spectrum of bioactivities of valinomycin. Finally, we describe the valinomycin biosynthetic gene cluster and reconstituted biosynthesis of valinomycin. With that, we discuss possible opportunities for the future research and development of valinomycin.
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7
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Pham VTT, Nguyen HT, Nguyen CT, Choi YS, Dhakal D, Kim TS, Jung HJ, Yamaguchi T, Sohng JK. Identification and enhancing production of a novel macrolide compound in engineered Streptomyces peucetius. RSC Adv 2021; 11:3168-3173. [PMID: 35424263 PMCID: PMC8693821 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra06099b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptomyces peucetius produces doxorubicin and daunorubicin, which are important anticancer drugs. In this study, we activate peucemycin, a new antibacterial compound, using an OSMAC strategy. In general, bioactive compounds are produced in a higher amount at room temperature; however, in this study, we have demonstrated that a bioactive novel compound was successfully activated at a low temperature (18 °C) in S. peucetius DM07. Through LC-MS/MS, IR spectroscopy, and NMR analysis, we identified the structure of this compound as a γ-pyrone macrolide. This compound was found to be novel, thus named peucemycin. It is an unusual 14-membered macrocyclic γ-pyrone ring with cyclization. Also, peucemycin exhibits potential antibacterial activity and a suppressive effect on the viability of various cancer cell lines. Activation of peucemycin in S. peucetius DM07 by the OSMAC strategy.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Thuy Thi Pham
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, SunMoon University 70 Sunmoon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon Asan-si Chungnam 31460 Republic of Korea
| | - Hue Thi Nguyen
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, SunMoon University 70 Sunmoon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon Asan-si Chungnam 31460 Republic of Korea
| | - Chung Thanh Nguyen
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, SunMoon University 70 Sunmoon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon Asan-si Chungnam 31460 Republic of Korea
| | - Ye Seul Choi
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, SunMoon University 70 Sunmoon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon Asan-si Chungnam 31460 Republic of Korea
| | - Dipesh Dhakal
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, SunMoon University 70 Sunmoon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon Asan-si Chungnam 31460 Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Su Kim
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, SunMoon University 70 Sunmoon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon Asan-si Chungnam 31460 Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Jung
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, SunMoon University 70 Sunmoon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon Asan-si Chungnam 31460 Republic of Korea .,Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Biotechnology, SunMoon University 70 Sunmoon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon Asan-si Chungnam 31460 Republic of Korea
| | - Tokutaro Yamaguchi
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, SunMoon University 70 Sunmoon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon Asan-si Chungnam 31460 Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Kyung Sohng
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, SunMoon University 70 Sunmoon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon Asan-si Chungnam 31460 Republic of Korea .,Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Biotechnology, SunMoon University 70 Sunmoon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon Asan-si Chungnam 31460 Republic of Korea
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8
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Zhang D, Ma Z, Chen H, Lu Y, Chen X. Valinomycin as a potential antiviral agent against coronaviruses: A review. Biomed J 2020; 43:414-423. [PMID: 33012699 PMCID: PMC7417921 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2020.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Human coronaviruses (HCoVs), including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), have been resulting in global epidemics with heavy morbidity and mortality. Unfortunately, there are currently no specific medicines that can better treat these coronaviruses. Drug repurposing is an effective and economical strategy for drug discovery from existing drugs, natural products, and synthetic compounds. In this review, the broad-spectrum antiviral activity of valinomycin (VAL), especially its activity against coronaviruses such as SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, human coronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43), were summarized, it highlights that VAL has tremendous potential for use as a novel antiviral agent against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zhang
- Institute of Fermentation Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Zhi Ma
- Institute of Fermentation Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Hanchi Chen
- Institute of Fermentation Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Yuele Lu
- Institute of Fermentation Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, PR China.
| | - Xiaolong Chen
- Institute of Fermentation Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, PR China.
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Li X, Li B, Cai S, Zhang Y, Xu M, Zhang C, Yuan B, Xing K, Qin S. Identification of Rhizospheric Actinomycete Streptomyces lavendulae SPS-33 and the Inhibitory Effect of its Volatile Organic Compounds against Ceratocystis Fimbriata in Postharvest Sweet Potato ( Ipomoea Batatas (L.) Lam.). Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8030319. [PMID: 32106520 PMCID: PMC7143269 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8030319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Black spot disease, which is caused by the pathogenic fungal Ceratocystis fimbriata, seriously affects the production of sweet potato and its quality during postharvest storage. In this study, the preliminary identification of the rhizosphere actinomycete strain SPS-33, and its antifungal activity of volatiles in vitro and in vivo was investigated. Based on morphological identification and phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain SPS-33 was identified as Streptomyces lavendulae. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by SPS-33 inhibited mycelial growth and sporulation of C. fimbriatain vitro and also induced a series of observable hyphae morphological changes. In an in vivo pathogenicity assay, exposure to SPS-33 significantly decreased the lesion diameter and water loss rate in sweet potato tuberous roots (TRs) inoculated with C. fimbriata. It increased the antioxidant enzymes’ activities of peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase as well as decreased malondialdehyde and increased total soluble sugar. In the VOC profile of SPS-33 detected by a headspace solid-phase micro extraction (HS-SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), heptadecane, tetradecane, and 3-methyl-1-butanol were the most abundant compounds. 2-Methyl-1-butanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, pyridine, and phenylethyl alcohol showed strong antifungal effects against C. fimbriata. These findings suggest that VOCs from S. lavendulae SPS-33 have the potential for pathogen C. fimbriata control in sweet potato postharvest storage by fumigant action.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ke Xing
- Correspondence: (K.X.); (S.Q.); Tel.: +86-0516-8350-0033 (K.X.)
| | - Sheng Qin
- Correspondence: (K.X.); (S.Q.); Tel.: +86-0516-8350-0033 (K.X.)
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10
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Advances in microbial culturing conditions to activate silent biosynthetic gene clusters for novel metabolite production. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 46:1381-1400. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-019-02198-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Natural products (NPs) produced by bacteria and fungi are often used as therapeutic agents due to their complex structures and wide range of bioactivities. Enzymes that build NPs are encoded by co-localized biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs), and genome sequencing has recently revealed that many BGCs are “silent” under standard laboratory conditions. There are numerous methods used to activate “silent” BGCs that rely either upon altering culture conditions or genetic modification. In this review, we discuss several recent microbial cultivation methods that have been used to expand the scope of NPs accessible in the laboratory. These approaches are divided into three categories: addition of a physical scaffold, addition of small molecule elicitors, and co-cultivation with another microbe.
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11
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Isolation of depsipeptides and optimization for enhanced production of valinomycin from the North-Western Himalayan cold desert strain Streptomyces lavendulae. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2019; 72:617-624. [PMID: 31073236 DOI: 10.1038/s41429-019-0183-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Exploration of microbial dynamics of Streptomyces lavendulae ACR-DA1, a psychrotrophic isolate from the North-Western Himalayan cold desert, was carried out using matrix-assisted laser desorbtion ionisation-time of flight mass spectrometer. Valinomycin was found as a major produce and cyclic depsipeptide montanastatin as a minor produce. The yield of the valinomycin was found to be 0.3 mg l-1 in submerged growth condition at the batch scale. Miniaturization of optimization experiments was adept to maximize the production using the expeditious and efficient technique of intact cell mass spectrometry. The present study showed that using optimized conditions and growing the culture in synthetic mineral base starch medium at 10 °C enhanced the production to 19.4 mg l-1. Our results demonstrated 64-fold increase in yield from the wild-type S. lavendulae ACR-DA1 strain using a simple and economical downstream process.
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12
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Streptomyces Differentiation in Liquid Cultures as a Trigger of Secondary Metabolism. Antibiotics (Basel) 2018; 7:antibiotics7020041. [PMID: 29757948 PMCID: PMC6022995 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics7020041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptomyces is a diverse group of gram-positive microorganisms characterised by a complex developmental cycle. Streptomycetes produce a number of antibiotics and other bioactive compounds used in the clinic. Most screening campaigns looking for new bioactive molecules from actinomycetes have been performed empirically, e.g., without considering whether the bacteria are growing under the best developmental conditions for secondary metabolite production. These screening campaigns were extremely productive and discovered a number of new bioactive compounds during the so-called “golden age of antibiotics” (until the 1980s). However, at present, there is a worrying bottleneck in drug discovery, and new experimental approaches are needed to improve the screening of natural actinomycetes. Streptomycetes are still the most important natural source of antibiotics and other bioactive compounds. They harbour many cryptic secondary metabolite pathways not expressed under classical laboratory cultures. Here, we review the new strategies that are being explored to overcome current challenges in drug discovery. In particular, we focus on those aimed at improving the differentiation of the antibiotic-producing mycelium stage in the laboratory.
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