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Wang J, Zhang W, Wu C, Hong Y, Shen G, Wang W, Tang H, Mochidzuki K, Cui Z, Khan A, Wang W. Synergistic analysis of lignin degrading bacterial consortium and its application in rice straw fiber film. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 927:172386. [PMID: 38604360 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Fiber film have received widespread attention due to its green friendliness. We can use microorganisms to degrade lignin in straw to obtain cellulose and make fiber films. Herein, a group of high-temperature (50 °C) lignin degrading bacterial consortium (LDH) was enriched and culture conditions for lignin degradation were optimized. Combined with high-throughput sequencing technology, the synergistic effect of LDH-composited bacteria was analyzed. Then LDH was used to treat rice straw for the bio-pulping experiment. The results showed that the lignin of rice straw was degraded 32.4 % by LDH at 50 °C for 10 d, and after the optimization of culture conditions, lignin degradation rate increased by 9.05 % (P < 0.001). The bacteria that compose in LDH can synergistically degrade lignin. Paenibacillus can encode all lignin-degrading enzymes present in the LDH. Preliminary tests of LDH in the pulping industry have been completed. This study is the first to use high temperature lignin degrading bacteria to fabricate fiber film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China; Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Green Agriculture in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Agronomy, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, PR China; College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Green Agriculture in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Agronomy, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, PR China
| | - Chenying Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Yanhua Hong
- Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Green Agriculture in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Agronomy, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, PR China
| | - Guinan Shen
- College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, PR China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Hongzhi Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Kazuhiro Mochidzuki
- A-ESG Science and Technology Research Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 7398527, Japan
| | - Zongjun Cui
- College of Agronomy, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, PR China
| | - Aman Khan
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Weidong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China; Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Green Agriculture in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Agronomy, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, PR China; College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, PR China.
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Ejaz U, Saleem F, Rashid R, Hasan KA, Syed MN, Sohail M. Unveiling the genomic potential of a novel thermostable glycoside hydrolases producing Neobacillus sedimentimangrovi UE25. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2023:10.1007/s10482-023-01835-y. [PMID: 37140754 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-023-01835-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Genetic and enzymatic potential of Neobacillus sedimentimangrovi has not been assembled to date. Here, we report a high-quality genome assembly of thermophilic bacterium Neobacillus sedimentimangrovi UE25 using Illumina Hi-seq 2500. The strain was isolated from a crocodile pond Manghopir, Karachi, Pakistan. QUAST quality parameters showed 37.75% GC content and exhibited the genome into 110 contigs, with a total size of 3,230,777 bases. Genome of N. sedimentimangrovi UE25 harbors phage mediated DNA through horizontal gene exchange from the phages, symbiotic and pathogenic bacteria. Most of the phage genome encodes for hypothetical proteins, protease, and phage assembly proteins. Gene clusters encoding the intrinsic resistance to glycopeptides, isoniazid, rifamycin, elfamycin, macrolide, aminoglycosides, tetracycline and fluoroquinolone were identified into the genome. Since, the strain has been reported for the production of many industrially important thermostable enzymes, therefore, the genomic data of thermostable enzymes might be helpful to employ this species in commercial sectors. Probing genes of multiple thermostable glycoside hydrolase enzymes especially xylanases of N. sedimentimangrovi UE25 showed genetic diversity among the genes and confer the industrial importance of this microorganism. Furthermore, the genome of N. sedimentimangrovi will greatly improve our understanding of its genetics and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uroosa Ejaz
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Shaheed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology (SZABIST), Karachi, 75600, Pakistan
- Department of Microbiology, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75600, Pakistan
| | - Faizan Saleem
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Rozina Rashid
- Department of Microbiology, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75600, Pakistan
- Department of Microbiology, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Khwaja Ali Hasan
- Molecular and Structural Biology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Noman Syed
- Nutritional Biochemistry Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sohail
- Department of Microbiology, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75600, Pakistan.
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Ejaz U, Rashid R, Ahmed S, Narejo KK, Qasim A, Sohail M, Ali ST, Althakafy JT, Alanazi AK, Abo-Dief HM, Moin SF. Synthesis of methylcellulose-polyvinyl alcohol composite, biopolymer film and thermostable enzymes from sugarcane bagasse. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 235:123903. [PMID: 36870634 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Agro-industrial wastes and by-products are the natural and abundant resources of biomaterials to obtain various value-added items such as biopolymer films, bio-composites and enzymes. This study presents a way to fractionate and to convert an agro-industrial residue, sugarcane bagasse (SB), into useful materials with potential applications. Initially cellulose was extracted from SB which was then converted into methylcellulose. The synthesized methylcellulose was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and FTIR. Biopolymer film was prepared by using methylcellulose, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), glutaraldehyde, starch and glycerol. The biopolymer was characterized to exhibit 16.30 MPa tensile strength, 0.05 g/m2 h of water vapor transmission rate, 366 % of water absorption to its original weight after 115 min of immersion, 59.08 % water solubility, 99.05 % moisture retention capability and 6.01 % of moisture absorption after 144 h. Furthermore, in vitro studies on absorption and dissolution of model drug by biopolymer showed 2.04 and 104.59 % of swelling ratio and equilibrium water content, respectively. Biocompatibility of the biopolymer was checked by using gelatin media and it was observed that swelling ratio was higher in initial 20 min of contact. The extracted hemicellulose and pectin from SB were fermented by a thermophilic bacterial strain, Neobacillus sedimentimangrovi UE25 that yielded 12.52 and 6.4 IU mL-1 of xylanase and pectinase, respectively. These industrially important enzymes further augmented the utility of SB in this study. Therefore, this study emphasizes the possibility for industrial application of SB to form various products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uroosa Ejaz
- Department of Biosciences, Shaheed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology (SZABIST), Karachi 75600, Pakistan
| | - Rozina Rashid
- Department of Microbiology, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; Department of Microbiology, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Shehmir Ahmed
- Department of Biosciences, Shaheed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology (SZABIST), Karachi 75600, Pakistan
| | - Kiran Khan Narejo
- Department of Biosciences, Shaheed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology (SZABIST), Karachi 75600, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Qasim
- Department of Biosciences, Shaheed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology (SZABIST), Karachi 75600, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sohail
- Department of Microbiology, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
| | - Syed Tariq Ali
- Department of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Jalal T Althakafy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24230, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah K Alanazi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hala M Abo-Dief
- Department of Science and Technology, University College-Ranyah, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Faraz Moin
- Dr Zafar H Zaidi Center for Proteomic (formerly National Center for Proteomics), University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
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Characterization of a novel end product tolerant and thermostable cellulase from Neobacillus sedimentimangrovi UE25. Enzyme Microb Technol 2023; 162:110133. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2022.110133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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El Harrar T, Davari MD, Jaeger KE, Schwaneberg U, Gohlke H. Critical assessment of structure-based approaches to improve protein resistance in aqueous ionic liquids by enzyme-wide saturation mutagenesis. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:399-409. [PMID: 35070165 PMCID: PMC8752993 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionic liquids (IL) and aqueous ionic liquids (aIL) are attractive (co-)solvents for green industrial processes involving biocatalysts, but often reduce enzyme activity. Experimental and computational methods are applied to predict favorable substitution sites and, most often, subsequent site-directed surface charge modifications are introduced to enhance enzyme resistance towards aIL. However, almost no studies evaluate the prediction precision with random mutagenesis or the application of simple data-driven filtering processes. Here, we systematically and rigorously evaluated the performance of 22 previously described structure-based approaches to increase enzyme resistance to aIL based on an experimental complete site-saturation mutagenesis library of Bacillus subtilis Lipase A (BsLipA) screened against four aIL. We show that, surprisingly, most of the approaches yield low gain-in-precision (GiP) values, particularly for predicting relevant positions: 14 approaches perform worse than random mutagenesis. Encouragingly, exploiting experimental information on the thermostability of BsLipA or structural weak spots of BsLipA predicted by rigidity theory yields GiP = 3.03 and 2.39 for relevant variants and GiP = 1.61 and 1.41 for relevant positions. Combining five simple-to-compute physicochemical and evolutionary properties substantially increases the precision of predicting relevant variants and positions, yielding GiP = 3.35 and 1.29. Finally, combining these properties with predictions of structural weak spots identified by rigidity theory additionally improves GiP for relevant variants up to 4-fold to ∼10 and sustains or increases GiP for relevant positions, resulting in a prediction precision of ∼90% compared to ∼9% in random mutagenesis. This combination should be applicable to other enzyme systems for guiding protein engineering approaches towards improved aIL resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till El Harrar
- Institute of Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- John-von-Neumann-Institute for Computing (NIC), Jülich Supercomputing Centre (JSC), Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7: Structural Biochemistry), and Institute of Bio- and Geosciences (IBG-4: Bioinformatics), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Mehdi D. Davari
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Karl-Erich Jaeger
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 52428 Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schwaneberg
- Institute of Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- DWI – Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials e.V., 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Holger Gohlke
- John-von-Neumann-Institute for Computing (NIC), Jülich Supercomputing Centre (JSC), Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7: Structural Biochemistry), and Institute of Bio- and Geosciences (IBG-4: Bioinformatics), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428 Jülich, Germany
- Institute for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Corresponding author at: John-von-Neumann-Institute for Computing (NIC), Jülich Supercomputing Centre (JSC), Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7: Structural Biochemistry), and Institute of Bio- and Geosciences (IBG-4: Bioinformatics), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., 52428 Jülich, Germany.
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Statistical optimization of saccharificaion of carbohydrate content of alkali pretreated sugarcane bagasse by enzyme cocktail produced by Bacillus vallismortis MH 1 and Bacillus aestuarii UE25. CARBOHYDRATE POLYMER TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2021.100174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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7
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Ejaz U, Wasim AA, Khan MN, Alzahrani OM, Mahmoud SF, El-Bahy ZM, Sohail M. Use of Ionic Liquid Pretreated and Fermented Sugarcane Bagasse as an Adsorbent for Congo Red Removal. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13223943. [PMID: 34833242 PMCID: PMC8622147 DOI: 10.3390/polym13223943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A large amount of industrial wastewater containing pollutants including toxic dyes needs to be processed prior to its discharge into the environment. Biological materials such as sugarcane bagasse (SB) have been reported for their role as adsorbents to remove the dyes from water. In this study, the residue SB after fermentation was utilized for the dye removal. A combined pretreatment of NaOH and methyltrioctylammonium chloride was given to SB for lignin removal, and the pretreated SB was utilized for cellulase production from Bacillus aestuarii UE25. The strain produced 118 IU mL-1 of endoglucanse and 70 IU mL-1 of β-glucosidase. Scanning electron microscopy and FTIR spectra showed lignin and cellulose removal in fermented SB. This residue was utilized for the adsorption of an azo dye, congo red (CR). The thermodynamic, isotherm and kinetics studies for the adsorption of CR revealed distinct adsorption features of SB. Untreated SB followed Langmuir isotherm, whereas pretreated SB and fermented SB obeyed the Freundlich isotherm model. The pseudo-second-order model fitted well for the studied adsorbents. The results of thermodynamic studies revealed spontaneous adsorption with negative standard free energy values. Untreated SB showed a 90.36% removal tendency at 303.15 K temperature, whereas the adsorbents comprised of pretreated and fermented SB removed about 98.35% and 97.70%, respectively. The study provided a strategy to utilize SB for cellulase production and its use as an adsorbent for toxic dyes removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uroosa Ejaz
- Department of Microbiology, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan;
- Department of Biosciences, Shaheed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology (SZABIST), Karachi 75600, Pakistan
| | - Agha Arslan Wasim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; (A.A.W.); (M.N.K.)
| | | | - Othman M. Alzahrani
- Department of Biology College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Samy F. Mahmoud
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Zeinhom M. El-Bahy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt;
| | - Muhammad Sohail
- Department of Microbiology, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan;
- Correspondence:
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Rajamani S, Santhosh R, Raghunath R, Jadhav SA. Value-added chemicals from sugarcane bagasse using ionic liquids. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-021-01732-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Ansari I, Ejaz U, Abideen Z, Gulzar S, Syed MN, Liu J, Li W, Fu P, Sohail M. Wild Halophytic Phragmites karka Biomass Saccharification by Bacterial Enzyme Cocktail. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:714940. [PMID: 34616380 PMCID: PMC8488365 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.714940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofuel derived from halophytic biomass is getting attention owing to the concerns of energy versus food crisis. The disadvantages associated with edible bioenergy resources necessitate the need to explore new feedstocks for sustainable biofuel production. In this study, biomass from locally available abundant halophytes (Panicum antidotale, Phragmites karka, Halopyrum mucronatum, and Desmostachya bipinnata) was screened for saccharification by an enzyme cocktail composed of cellulase, xylanase, and pectinase from Brevibacillus borstelensis UE10 and UE27, Bacillus aestuarii UE25, Aneurinibacillus thermoaerophilus UE1, and Bacillus vallismortis MH 1. Two types of pretreatment, i.e., with dilute acid and freeze-thaw, were independently applied to the halophytic biomass. Saccharification of acid-pretreated P. karka biomass yielded maximum reducing sugars (9 mg g-1) as compared to other plants. Thus, the factors (temperature, pH, substrate concentration, and enzyme units) affecting its saccharification were optimized using central composite design. This statistical model predicted 49.8 mg g-1 of reducing sugars that was comparable to the experimental value (40 mg g-1). Scanning electron microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy showed significant structural changes after pretreatment and saccharification. Therefore, halophytes growing in saline, arid, and semi-arid regions can be promising alternative sources for bioenergy production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Immad Ansari
- Department of Microbiology, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Uroosa Ejaz
- Department of Microbiology, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan.,Department of Biosciences, Shaheed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Zainul Abideen
- Dr. Muhammad Ajmal Khan Institute of Sustainable Halophyte Utilization, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Salman Gulzar
- Dr. Muhammad Ajmal Khan Institute of Sustainable Halophyte Utilization, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Jing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Wang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Pengcheng Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, China.,Weihai UIC Biotechnology, Inc., Weihai, China
| | - Muhammad Sohail
- Department of Microbiology, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan.,Weihai UIC Biotechnology, Inc., Weihai, China
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Bhardwaj N, Kumar B, Agrawal K, Verma P. Current perspective on production and applications of microbial cellulases: a review. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2021; 8:95. [PMID: 38650192 PMCID: PMC10992179 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-021-00447-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential of cellulolytic enzymes has been widely studied and explored for bioconversion processes and plays a key role in various industrial applications. Cellulase, a key enzyme for cellulose-rich waste feedstock-based biorefinery, has increasing demand in various industries, e.g., paper and pulp, juice clarification, etc. Also, there has been constant progress in developing new strategies to enhance its production, such as the application of waste feedstock as the substrate for the production of individual or enzyme cocktails, process parameters control, and genetic manipulations for enzyme production with enhanced yield, efficiency, and specificity. Further, an insight into immobilization techniques has also been presented for improved reusability of cellulase, a critical factor that controls the cost of the enzyme at an industrial scale. In addition, the review also gives an insight into the status of the significant application of cellulase in the industrial sector, with its techno-economic analysis for future applications. The present review gives a complete overview of current perspectives on the production of microbial cellulases as a promising tool to develop a sustainable and greener concept for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Bhardwaj
- Bioprocess and Bioenergy Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400019, India
| | - Bikash Kumar
- Bioprocess and Bioenergy Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India
| | - Komal Agrawal
- Bioprocess and Bioenergy Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India
| | - Pradeep Verma
- Bioprocess and Bioenergy Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India.
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Zafar H, Rehman I, Ejaz U, Ansari A, Sohail M. Production of multienzyme by Bacillus aestuarii UE25 using ionic liquid pretreated sugarcane bagasse. J Basic Microbiol 2021; 61:1016-1028. [PMID: 34463967 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202100323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The utilization of sugarcane bagasse (SB) in fermentation requires pretreatment processes to render fermentable components available to microorganisms. Pretreatment by using ionic liquids (ILs) is considered promising but the high cost is an impediment in its adoption, therefore, a mixture of IL pretreated and untreated SB was utilized to obtain bacterial multienzyme under solid-state fermentation (SSF). Bacillus aestuarii UE25, a thermophilic strain was utilized for that purpose. Fermentation conditions were optimized by adopting a central composite design. The model showed a good correlation between the predicted and the experimental values for amylase, xylanase, endoglucanase, and β-glucosidase. Volumetric and specific productivity of xylanase (4580 IU ml-1 h-1 , 244.25 IU mg-1 substrate, and 50 IU mg-1 protein) were higher than the other enzymes. Changes in lignin content and reduced cellulose crystallinity due to IL pretreatment, followed by fermentation, were visualized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and Nuclear magnetic resonance. The strategy adopted by utilizing a mixture of IL pretreated and untreated SB under SSF proved promising to obtain high titers of different enzymes simultaneously. Since the bacterial strain used is thermophilic, therefore, the multienzyme can find its application in commercial processes which are carried out at high temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani Zafar
- Department of Microbiology, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Iqra Rehman
- Department of Microbiology, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Uroosa Ejaz
- Department of Microbiology, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan.,Department of Biosciences, Shaheed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology (SZABIST), Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Asma Ansari
- The Karachi Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sohail
- Department of Microbiology, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
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Ejaz U, Sohail M, Ghanemi A. Cellulases: From Bioactivity to a Variety of Industrial Applications. Biomimetics (Basel) 2021; 6:44. [PMID: 34287227 PMCID: PMC8293267 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics6030044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Utilization of microbial enzymes has been widely reported for centuries, but the commercial use of enzymes has been recently adopted. Particularly, cellulases have been utilized in various commercial sectors including agriculture, brewing, laundry, pulp and paper and textile industry. Cellulases of microbial origin have shown their potential application in various commercial sectors including textile, pulp and paper, laundry, brewing, agriculture and biofuel. Cellulases have diversified applications in the food industry, food service, food supply and its preservation. Indeed, cellulases can tenderize fruits, clarify the fruit juices, reduce roughage in dough, hydrolyze the roasted coffee, extract tea polyphenols and essential oils from olives and can increase aroma and taste in food items. However, their role in food industries has by and large remained neglected. The use of immobilized cellulases has further expanded their application in fruit and vegetable processing as it potentiates the catalytic power and reduces the cost of process. Technological and scientific developments will further expand their potential usage in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uroosa Ejaz
- Department of Microbiology, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan;
- Department of Biosciences, Shaheed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology (SZABIST), Karachi 75600, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sohail
- Department of Microbiology, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan;
| | - Abdelaziz Ghanemi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
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Ejaz U, Sohail M. Supporting role of lignin in immobilization of yeast on sugarcane bagasse for continuous pectinase production. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:1709-1714. [PMID: 32844441 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lignocellulosic wastes are pretreated prior to their utilization in fermentation processes. Such pretreatment also alters the topological features of the substrates, and therefore the suitability of pretreated waste as immobilization matrix for microbial cells needs investigation. RESULTS In this study, the effect of chemical pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse (SB) for its subsequent utilization as a matrix to immobilize a pectinolytic yeast, Geotrichum candidum AA15, was evaluated using cell retention, concentration of immobilized cells, immobilization efficiency, scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of the substrate and pectinase titers obtained after recycling. The results revealed that untreated SB is more efficient for immobilization with higher values of cell retention and pectinase productivity (99.78%) retained for up to six production cycles. It was deduced that removal of lignin by pretreatment negatively influenced the ability of SB to support cell adhesion, as lignin acts as a sealing agent that provides strength to the substrate. CONCLUSIONS The strategy of utilizing SB as immobilization matrix was found effective at the laboratory scale as it improved pectinase production and may be investigated further for large-scale and cost-effective production. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uroosa Ejaz
- Department of Microbiology, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sohail
- Department of Microbiology, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
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Genome-Driven Discovery of Enzymes with Industrial Implications from the Genus Aneurinibacillus. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9030499. [PMID: 33652876 PMCID: PMC7996765 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9030499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria belonging to the genus Aneurinibacillus within the family Paenibacillaceae are Gram-positive, endospore-forming, and rod-shaped bacteria inhabiting diverse environments. Currently, there are eight validly described species of Aneurinibacillus; however, several unclassified species have also been reported. Aneurinibacillus spp. have shown the potential for producing secondary metabolites (SMs) and demonstrated diverse types of enzyme activities. These features make them promising candidates with industrial implications. At present, genomes of 9 unique species from the genus Aneurinibacillus are available, which can be utilized to decipher invaluable information on their biosynthetic potential as well as enzyme activities. In this work, we performed the comparative genome analyses of nine Aneurinibacillus species representing the first such comprehensive study of this genus at the genome level. We focused on discovering the biosynthetic, biodegradation, and heavy metal resistance potential of this under-investigated genus. The results indicate that the genomes of Aneurinibacillus contain SM-producing regions with diverse bioactivities, including antimicrobial and antiviral activities. Several carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) and genes involved in heavy metal resistance were also identified. Additionally, a broad range of enzyme classes were also identified in the Aneurinibacillus pan-genomes, making this group of bacteria potential candidates for future investigations with industrial applications.
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Ejaz U, Muhammad S, Ali FI, Hashmi IA, Sohail M. Cellulose extraction from methyltrioctylammonium chloride pretreated sugarcane bagasse and its application. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 165:11-17. [PMID: 32987070 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Cellulose, the most abundant feedstock of chemicals and energy is extracted from various agro-industrial wastes, such as sugarcane bagasse (SB). Pretreatment of SB with ionic liquids improves extraction of cellulose, yet the use of ionic liquid is hindered by its high cost. In this study, cellulose was extracted from SB pretreated with methyltrioctylammonium chloride under relatively mild conditions. The extracted cellulose from pretreated SB (PTB) and untreated SB (UTB) was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and FTIR. Fermentation of cellulose extracted from PTB by a thermophilic bacterium, Bacillus aestuarii UE25, yielded 245.16% higher titers of cellulase than cellulose extracted from UTB. The recyclability of the IL was assessed to make the pretreatment process cost effective and was monitored through TLC and FTIR. The results of this research demonstrated the potential of ionic liquid pretreated SB for cellulose extraction and for its subsequent utilization in thermostable cellulase production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uroosa Ejaz
- Department of Microbiology, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Shoaib Muhammad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Imran Ali Hashmi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sohail
- Department of Microbiology, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan.
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Rashid R, Ejaz U, Ali FI, Hashmi IA, Bari A, Liu J, Wang L, Fu P, Sohail M. Combined pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse using alkali and ionic liquid to increase hemicellulose content and xylanase production. BMC Biotechnol 2020; 20:64. [PMID: 33298027 PMCID: PMC7724814 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-020-00657-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lignin in sugarcane bagasse (SB) hinders its utilization by microorganism, therefore, pretreatment methods are employed to make fermentable components accessible to the microbes. Multivariate analysis of different chemical pretreatment methods can aid to select the most appropriate strategy to valorize a particular biomass. RESULTS Amongst methods tested, the pretreatment by using sodium hydroxide in combination with methyltrioctylammonium chloride, an ionic liquid, (NaOH+IL) was the most significant for xylanase production by Bacillus aestuarii UE25. Investigation of optimal levels of five significant variables by adopting Box-Behnken design (BBD) predicted 20 IU mL- 1 of xylanase and experimentally, a titer of 17.77 IU mL- 1 was obtained which indicated the validity of the model. The production kinetics showed that volumetric productivity of xylanase was much higher after 24 h (833.33 IU L- 1 h- 1) than after 48 h (567.08 IU L- 1 h- 1). The extracted xylan from SB induced more xylanase in the fermentation medium than pretreated SB or commercially purified xylan. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy of SB indicated removal of lignin and changes in the structure of SB after NaOH+IL pretreatment and fermentation. CONCLUSION Combined pretreatment of SB with alkali and methyltrioctylammonium chloride appeared better than other chemical methods for bacterial xylanase production and for the extraction of xylan form SB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rozina Rashid
- Department of Microbiology, University of Karachi, 75270, Karachi, Pakistan.,Department of Microbiology, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Uroosa Ejaz
- Department of Microbiology, University of Karachi, 75270, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Firdous Imran Ali
- Department of Chemistry, University of Karachi, 75270, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Imran Ali Hashmi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Karachi, 75270, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ahmed Bari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Pengcheng Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
| | - Muhammad Sohail
- Department of Microbiology, University of Karachi, 75270, Karachi, Pakistan.
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