Catalytic parameters and thermal stability of chondroitinase ABCI on red porous silicon nanoparticles

Synthesis and evaluation of nanosystem containing chondroitinase ABCI based on hydroxyapatite

The bacterial enzyme chondroitinase ABCI (chABCI), which has been isolated from Proteus Vulgaris, is crucial in the treatment of spinal cord injuries. However, due to its short lifespan, the maintenance and clinical application of this enzyme are very constrained. In this study, the immobilization of this enzyme on hydroxyapatite has been carried out and assessed with the aim of enhancing the characteristics and efficiency of chABCI. Hydroxyapatite particles (HAPs) are a potential candidate for drug-delivery carriers because of their excellent biocompatibility, shape controllability, and high adsorption. The use of the nanometer scale allows efficient access to the enzyme's substrate. It demonstrates important biological application capabilities in this way. Field emission gun-scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), in vitro release study, and cytotoxicity test were used to characterize the drug nanosystem's properties. According to the findings, electrostatic bindings was formed between charged groups of the enzyme and hydroxyapatite nanoparticles. The results also demonstrated that immobilized chABCI on hydroxyapatite has beneficial properties, such as more manageable drug release, minimal toxicity and side effects, and a high potential to enhance the efficacy of drug delivery and decrease the need for repeated injections.

Chondroitinase as a therapeutic enzyme: Prospects and challenges

The chondroitinases (Chase) are bacterial lyases that specifically digest chondroitin sulfate and/or dermatan sulfate glycosaminoglycans via a β-elimination reaction and generate unsaturated disaccharides. In recent decades, these enzymes have attracted the attention of many researchers due to their potential applications in various aspects of medicine from the treatment of spinal cord injury to use as an analytical tool. In spite of this diverse spectrum, the application of Chase is faced with several limitations and challenges such as thermal instability and lack of a suitable delivery system. In the current review, we address potential therapeutic applications of Chase with emphasis on the challenges ahead. Then, we summarize the latest achievements to overcome the problems by considering the studies carried out in the field of enzyme engineering, drug delivery, and combination-based therapy.

Improvement of thermal-stability of chondroitinase ABCI immobilized on graphene oxide for the repair of spinal cord injury

Spinal cord injury healing has been shown to be aided by chondroitinase ABC I (cABCI) treatment. The transport of cABCI to target tissues is complicated by the enzyme's thermal instability; however, cABCI may be immobilized on nanosheets to boost stability and improve delivery efficiency. This investigation's goal was to assess the immobilization of cABC I on graphene oxide (GO). for this purpose, GO was produced from graphene using a modified version of Hummer's process. the immobilization of cABC I on GO was examined using SEM, XRD, and FTIR. The enzymatic activity of cABC I was evaluated in relation to substrate concentration. The enzyme was then surface-adsorption immobilized on GO, and its thermal stability was examined. As compared to the free enzyme, the results showed that the immobilized enzyme had a greater Km and a lower Vmax value. The stability of the enzyme was greatly improved by immobilization at 20, 4, 25, and 37 °C. For example, at 37 °C, the free enzyme retained 5% of its activity after 100 min, while the immobilized one retained 30% of its initial activity. The results showed, As a suitable surface for immobilizing cABC I, GO nano sheets boost the enzyme's stability, improving its capability to support axonal regeneration after CNC damage and guard against fast degradation.

A Brief Overview of Recent Progress in Porous Silica as Catalyst Supports

Porous silica particles have shown applications in various technological fields including their use as catalyst supports in heterogeneous catalysis. The mesoporous silica particles have ordered porosity, high surface area, and good chemical stability. These interesting structural or textural properties make porous silica an attractive material for use as catalyst supports in various heterogeneous catalysis reactions. The colloidal nature of the porous silica particles is highly useful in catalytic applications as it guarantees better mass transfer properties and uniform distribution of the various metal or metal oxide nanocatalysts in solution. The catalysts show high activity, low degree of metal leaching, and ease in recycling when supported or immobilized on porous silica-based materials. In this overview, we have pointed out the importance of porous silica as catalyst supports. A variety of chemical reactions catalyzed by different catalysts loaded or embedded in porous silica supports are studied. The latest reports from the literature about the use of porous silica-based materials as catalyst supports are listed and analyzed. The new and continued trends are discussed with examples.