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Sánchez-Arroyo A, Plaza-Vinuesa L, de las Rivas B, Mancheño JM, Muñoz R. Aspergillus niger Ochratoxinase Is a Highly Specific, Metal-Dependent Amidohydrolase Suitable for OTA Biodetoxification in Food and Feed. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:18658-18669. [PMID: 39110482 PMCID: PMC11342369 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c02944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
Microbial enzymes can be used as processing aids or additives in food and feed industries. Enzymatic detoxification of ochratoxin A (OTA) is a promising method to reduce OTA content. Here, we characterize the full-length enzyme ochratoxinase (AnOTA), an amidohydrolase from Aspergillus niger. AnOTA hydrolyzes OTA and ochratoxin B (OTB) mycotoxins efficiently and also other substrates containing phenylalanine, alanine, or leucine residues at their C-terminal position, revealing a narrow specificity profile. AnOTA lacks endopeptidase or aminoacylase activities. The structural basis of the molecular recognition by AnOTA of OTA, OTB, and a wide array of model substrates has been investigated by molecular docking simulation. AnOTA shows maximal hydrolytic activity at neutral pH and high temperature (65 °C) and retained high activity after prolonged incubation at 45 °C. The reduction of OTA levels in food products by AnOTA has been investigated using several commercial plant-based beverages. The results showed complete degradation of OTA with no detectable modification of beverage proteins. Therefore, the addition of AnOTA seems to be a useful procedure to eliminate OTA in plant-based beverages. Moreover, computational predictions of in vivo characteristics indicated that AnOTA is neither an allergenic nor antigenic protein. All characteristics found for AnOTA supported the suitability of its use for OTA detoxification in food and feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sánchez-Arroyo
- Bacterial
Biotechnology, Institute of Food Science,
Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), CSIC, José Antonio Novais 6, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Plaza-Vinuesa
- Bacterial
Biotechnology, Institute of Food Science,
Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), CSIC, José Antonio Novais 6, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Blanca de las Rivas
- Bacterial
Biotechnology, Institute of Food Science,
Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), CSIC, José Antonio Novais 6, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Miguel Mancheño
- Department
of Crystallography and Structural Biology, Institute of Physical Chemistry Blas Cabrera (IQF), CSIC, Serrano 119, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosario Muñoz
- Bacterial
Biotechnology, Institute of Food Science,
Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), CSIC, José Antonio Novais 6, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Mao SY, Suo SK, Wang YM, Chi CF, Wang B. Systematical Investigation on Anti-Fatigue Function and Underlying Mechanism of High Fischer Ratio Oligopeptides from Antarctic Krill on Exercise-Induced Fatigue in Mice. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:322. [PMID: 39057431 PMCID: PMC11278274 DOI: 10.3390/md22070322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
High Fischer ratio oligopeptides (HFOs) have a variety of biological activities, but their mechanisms of action for anti-fatigue are less systematically studied at present. This study aimed to systematically evaluate the anti-fatigue efficacy of HFOs from Antarctic krill (HFOs-AK) and explore its mechanism of action through establishing the fatigue model of endurance swimming in mice. Therefore, according to the comparison with the endurance swimming model group, HFOs-AK were able to dose-dependently prolong the endurance swimming time, reduce the levels of the metabolites (lactic acid, blood urea nitrogen, and blood ammonia), increase the content of blood glucose, muscle glycogen, and liver glycogen, reduce lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase extravasation, and protect muscle tissue from damage in the endurance swimming mice. HFOs-AK were shown to enhance Na+-K+-ATPase and Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase activities and increase ATP content in muscle tissue. Meanwhile, HFOs-AK also showed significantly antioxidant ability by increasing the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in the liver and decreasing the level of malondialdehyde. Further studies showed that HFOs-AK could regulate the body's energy metabolism and thus exert its anti-fatigue effects by activating the AMPK signaling pathway and up-regulating the expression of p-AMPK and PGC-α proteins. Therefore, HFOs-AK can be used as an auxiliary functional dietary molecules to exert its good anti-fatigue activity and be applied to anti-fatigue functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha-Yi Mao
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China; (S.-Y.M.); (S.-K.S.); (Y.-M.W.)
| | - Shi-Kun Suo
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China; (S.-Y.M.); (S.-K.S.); (Y.-M.W.)
| | - Yu-Mei Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China; (S.-Y.M.); (S.-K.S.); (Y.-M.W.)
| | - Chang-Feng Chi
- National and Provincial Joint Engineering Research Centre for Marine Germplasm Resources Exploration and Utilization, School of Marine Science and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China; (S.-Y.M.); (S.-K.S.); (Y.-M.W.)
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Liu Y, Sun G, Li J, Cheng P, Song Q, Lv W, Wang C. Starter molds and multi-enzyme catalysis in koji fermentation of soy sauce brewing: A review. Food Res Int 2024; 184:114273. [PMID: 38609250 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Soy sauce is a traditional fermented food produced from soybean and wheat under the action of microorganisms. The soy sauce brewing process mainly involves two steps, namely koji fermentation and moromi fermentation. In the koji fermentation process, enzymes from starter molds, such as protease, aminopeptidase, carboxypeptidase, l-glutaminase, amylase, and cellulase, hydrolyze the protein and starch in the raw ingredients to produce short-chain substances. However, the enzymatic reactions may be diminished after being subjected to moromi fermentation due to its high NaCl concentration. These enzymatically hydrolyzed products are further metabolized by lactic acid bacteria and yeasts during the moromi fermentation process into organic acids and aromatic compounds, giving soy sauce a unique flavor. Thus, the starter molds, such as Aspergillus oryzae, Aspergillus sojae, and Aspergillus niger, and their secreted enzymes play crucial roles in soy sauce brewing. This review comprehensively covers the characteristics of the starter molds mainly used in soy sauce brewing, the enzymes produced by starter molds, and the roles of enzymes in the degradation of raw material. We also enumerate current problems in the production of soy sauce, aiming to offer some directions for the improvement of soy sauce taste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihao Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin Economy Technological Development Area, No. 29, 13th Avenue, Tianjin, 300222, People Republic of China.
| | - Guangru Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin Economy Technological Development Area, No. 29, 13th Avenue, Tianjin, 300222, People Republic of China
| | - Jingyao Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin Economy Technological Development Area, No. 29, 13th Avenue, Tianjin, 300222, People Republic of China
| | - Peng Cheng
- Tianjin Limin Condiment Co., Ltd., Tianjin Food Group, Tianjin Airport Economic Zone, No. 226, 14th West Road, Tianjin, People Republic of China
| | - Qian Song
- Tianjin Limin Condiment Co., Ltd., Tianjin Food Group, Tianjin Airport Economic Zone, No. 226, 14th West Road, Tianjin, People Republic of China
| | - Wen Lv
- Tianjin Limin Condiment Co., Ltd., Tianjin Food Group, Tianjin Airport Economic Zone, No. 226, 14th West Road, Tianjin, People Republic of China
| | - Chunling Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin Economy Technological Development Area, No. 29, 13th Avenue, Tianjin, 300222, People Republic of China.
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Yang Y, Zhong W, Wang Y, Yue Z, Zhang C, Sun M, Wang Z, Xue X, Gao Q, Wang D, Zhang Y, Zhang J. Isolation, identification, degradation mechanism and exploration of active enzymes in the ochratoxin A degrading strain Acinetobacter pittii AP19. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133351. [PMID: 38150759 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a polyketide mycotoxin that commonly contaminates agricultural products and causes significant economic losses. In this study, the efficient OTA-degrading strain AP19 was isolated from vineyard soil and was identified as Acinetobacter pittii. Compared with growth in nutrient broth supplemented with OTA (OTA-NB), strain AP19 grew faster in nutrient broth (NB), but the ability of the resulting cell lysates to remove OTA was weaker. After cultivation in NB, the cell lysate of strain AP19 was able to remove 100% of 1 mg/L OTA within 18 h. The cell lysate fraction > 30 kDa degraded 100% of OTA within 12 h, while the fractions < 30 kDa were practically unable to degrade OTA. Further anion exchange chromatography of the > 30 kDa fraction yielded two peaks exhibiting significant OTA degradation activity. The degradation product was identified as OTα. Amino acid metabolism exhibited major transcriptional trends in the response of AP19 to OTA. The dacC gene encoding carboxypeptidase was identified as one of the contributors to OTA degradation. Soil samples inoculated with strain AP19 showed significant OTA degradation. These results provide significant insights into the discovery of novel functions in A. pittii, as well as its potential as an OTA decomposer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yang
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Weitong Zhong
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yanning Wang
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Zhiwen Yue
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Mi Sun
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Xianli Xue
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Qiang Gao
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Depei Wang
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
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Zhen H, Liu J, Xiong K, Zheng L, Hu Y, Li M, Jin W. Engineering a carboxypeptidase from Aspergillus oryzae M30011 to improve the terminal-specific enzymatic hydrolysis of aromatic amino acids. Process Biochem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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A new carboxypeptidase from Aspergillus niger with good thermostability, pH stability and broad substrate specificity. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18745. [PMID: 34548523 PMCID: PMC8455534 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98003-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
A new serine carboxypeptidase gene, capA, was identified in Aspergillus niger CBS 513.88 by reading genomic information and performing sequence alignment, and the gene was cloned and expressed in Pichia pastoris GS115. In a shake flask, the enzyme activity of the recombinant strain GS115 (pPIC9K-capA) reached 209.3 U mg−1. The optimal temperature and pH for enzyme activity were determined to be 45 °C and 6.0, respectively. After incubation at 40–50 °C or at pH 4.0–8.0 for 1 h, the enzyme retained more than 80% or 60% of its initial activity. The presence of 1–10 mmol L−1 Mg2+ enhanced the activity of CapA, whereas 1–10 mmol L−1 Cu2+, Fe2+, or Co2+, 10 mmol L−1 Mn2+, or 1–10 mmol L−1 phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) significantly inhibited its activity. CapA had a broad substrate specificity and preferred the hydrophobic amino acids Leu and Lys at the C terminus of proteins, and N-benzyloxycarbonyl-l-phenylalanyl-l-leucine (Cbz-Phe-Leu) was the optimal substrate, for which CapA exhibited Km 0.063 mmol L−1 and kcat/Km 186.35 mmol L−1 s−1. The good thermostability, pH stability and hydrolysis characteristics of CapA provide a solid foundation for application in the food and biotechnology fields.
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