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Balasubramanian VK, Muthuramalingam JB, Chen YP, Chou JY. Recent trends in lactic acid-producing microorganisms through microbial fermentation for the synthesis of polylactic acid. Arch Microbiol 2023; 206:31. [PMID: 38127148 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03745-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Polylactic acid (PLA) is a range of unique bioplastics that are bio-based and biodegradable. PLA is currently driving market expansion for lactic acid (LA) due to its high demand as a building block in production. One of the most practical and environmentally benign techniques for synthesising PLA is through enzymatic polymerisation of microbial LA monomers. However, microbial LA fermentation does have some limitations. Firstly, it requires the use of a nutritionally rich medium. Secondly, LA production can be disrupted by bacteriophage infection or other microorganisms. Lastly, the yield can be low due to the formation of by-products through heterofermentative pathway. Considering the potential use of PLA as a replacement for conventional petrochemical-based polymers in industrial applications, researchers are focused on exploring the diversity of LA-producing microorganisms from various niches. Their goal is to study the functional properties of these microorganisms and their ability to produce industrially valuable metabolites. This review highlights the advantages and disadvantages of lactic acid-producing microorganisms used in microbial fermentation for PLA synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vignesh Kumar Balasubramanian
- Department of Botany, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630003, India
- Department of Biology, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua, 500, Taiwan
| | | | - Yen-Po Chen
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, South Dist., Taichung City, 402, Taiwan
- The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, 402, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Yu Chou
- Department of Biology, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua, 500, Taiwan.
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Campos J, Almqvist H, Bao J, Wallberg O, Lidén G. Overcoming extended lag phase on optically pure lactic acid production from pretreated softwood solids. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1248441. [PMID: 37744257 PMCID: PMC10513496 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1248441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Optically pure lactic acid (LA) is needed in PLA (poly-lactic acid) production to build a crystalline structure with a higher melting point of the biopolymer than that of the racemic mixture. Lignocellulosic biomass can be used as raw material for LA production, in a non-food biorefinery concept. In the present study, genetically engineered P. acidilactici ZP26 was cultivated in a simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) process using steam pretreated softwood solids as a carbon source to produce optically pure D-LA. Given the low concentrations of identifiable inhibitory compounds from sugar and lignin degradation, the fermentation rate was expected to follow the rate of enzymatic hydrolysis. However, added pretreated solids (7% on weight (w/w) of water-insoluble solids [WIS]) significantly and immediately affected the process performance, which resulted in a long lag phase (more than 40 h) before the onset of the exponential phase of the fermentation. This unexpected delay was also observed without the addition of enzymes in the SSF and in a model fermentation with glucose and pretreated solids without added enzymes. Experiments showed that it was possible to overcome the extended lag phase in the presence of pretreated softwood solids by allowing the microorganism to initiate its exponential phase in synthetic medium, and subsequently adding the softwood solids and enzymatic blend to proceed to an SSF with D-LA production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Campos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Jie Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Ola Wallberg
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Lidén
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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He N, Chen M, Qiu Z, Fang C, Lidén G, Liu X, Zhang B, Bao J. Simultaneous and rate-coordinated conversion of lignocellulose derived glucose, xylose, arabinose, mannose, and galactose into D-lactic acid production facilitates D-lactide synthesis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 377:128950. [PMID: 36963700 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
D-lactide is the precursor of poly(D-lactide) (PDLA) or stereo-complex with poly(L-lactide) (PLLA). Lignocellulosic biomass provides the essential feedstock option to synthesize D-lactic acid and D-lactide. The residual sugars in D-lactic acid fermentation broth significantly blocks the D-lactide synthesis. This study showed a simultaneous and rate-coordinated conversion of lignocellulose derived glucose, xylose, arabinose, mannose, and galactose into D-lactic acid by adaptively evolved Pediococcus acidilactici ZY271 by simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation (SSCF) of wheat straw. The produced D-lactic acid achieved minimum residual sugars (∼1.7 g/L), high chirality (∼99.1%) and high titer (∼128 g/L). A dry acid pretreatment eliminated the wastewater stream generation and the biodetoxification by fungus Amorphotheca resinae ZN1 removed the inhibitors from the pretreatment. The removal of the sugar residues and inhibitor impurities in D-lactic acid production from lignocellulose strongly facilitated the D-lactide synthesis. This study filled the gap in cellulosic D-lactide production from lignocellulose-derived D-lactic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niling He
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Mingxing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhongyang Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-based Energy and Enzyme Technology, Huaiyin Normal University, 111 West Changjiang Road, Huaian, Jiangsu 223300, China
| | - Chun Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Gunnar Lidén
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Xiucai Liu
- Cathay Biotech Inc, 1690 Cailun Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jie Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
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Campos J, Tejada LG, Bao J, Lidén G. Fed-batch strategies for biodetoxification in production of optically pure lactic acid from softwood hydrolysate using Pediococcus acidilactici. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Varella Rodrigues C, Oliveira Pires L, Medina KJD, Imaculada Maintinguer S. Recovery of Crude Glycerol and Citrus Vinasse in Anaerobic Digestion in Two Stages for Lactic Acid and Biomethane Production. Ind Biotechnol (New Rochelle N Y) 2022. [DOI: 10.1089/ind.2021.0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Varella Rodrigues
- Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo São Carlos, Brazil
| | | | | | - Sandra Imaculada Maintinguer
- Bioenergy Research Institute, São Paulo State University, Rio Claro, Brazil
- University of Araraquara, Araraquara, Brazil
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Tong KTX, Tan IS, Foo HCY, Lam MK, Lim S, Lee KT. Advancement of biorefinery-derived platform chemicals from macroalgae: a perspective for bioethanol and lactic acid. BIOMASS CONVERSION AND BIOREFINERY 2022; 14:1-37. [PMID: 35316983 PMCID: PMC8929714 DOI: 10.1007/s13399-022-02561-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The extensive growth of energy and plastic demand has raised concerns over the depletion of fossil fuels. Moreover, the environmental conundrums worldwide integrated with global warming and improper plastic waste management have led to the development of sustainable and environmentally friendly biofuel (bioethanol) and biopolymer (lactic acid, LA) derived from biomass for fossil fuels replacement and biodegradable plastic production, respectively. However, the high production cost of bioethanol and LA had limited its industrial-scale production. This paper has comprehensively reviewed the potential and development of third-generation feedstock for bioethanol and LA production, including significant technological barriers to be overcome for potential commercialization purposes. Then, an insight into the state-of-the-art hydrolysis and fermentation technologies using macroalgae as feedstock is also deliberated in detail. Lastly, the sustainability aspect and perspective of macroalgae biomass are evaluated economically and environmentally using a developed cascading system associated with techno-economic analysis and life cycle assessment, which represent the highlights of this review paper. Furthermore, this review provides a conceivable picture of macroalgae-based bioethanol and lactic acid biorefinery and future research directions that can be served as an important guideline for scientists, policymakers, and industrial players. Graphical abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Tian Xiang Tong
- Department of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University Malaysia, CDT 250, 98009 Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Inn Shi Tan
- Department of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University Malaysia, CDT 250, 98009 Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Henry Chee Yew Foo
- Department of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University Malaysia, CDT 250, 98009 Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Man Kee Lam
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
- HICoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Steven Lim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Centre of Photonics and Advanced Materials Research, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Keat Teong Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia
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He N, Jia J, Qiu Z, Fang C, Lidén G, Liu X, Bao J. Cyclic L-lactide synthesis from lignocellulose biomass by biorefining with complete inhibitor removal and highly simultaneous sugars assimilation. Biotechnol Bioeng 2022; 119:1903-1915. [PMID: 35274740 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic chiral lactide is the monomer chemical for polymerization of high molecular weight polylactic acid (PLA). The synthesis of cyclic L-lactide starts from poly-condensation of L-lactic acid to a low molecular weight pre-polymer and then depolymerized to cyclic L-lactide. Lignocellulose biomass is the most promising carbohydrate feedstock for lactic acid production, but the synthesis of cyclic L-lactide from L-lactic acid produced from lignocellulose has so far not been successful. The major barriers are the impurities of residual sugars and inhibitors in the crude cellulosic L-lactic acid product. Here we show a successful cyclic L-lactide synthesis from cellulosic L-lactic acid by lignocellulose biorefining with complete inhibitor removal and coordinated sugars assimilation. The removal of inhibitors from lignocellulose pretreatment was accomplished by biodetoxification using a unique fungus Amorphotheca resinae ZN1. The non-glucose sugars were completely and simultaneously assimilated at the same rate with glucose by the engineered L-lactic acid bacterium Pediococcus acidilactici. The L-lactic acid production from wheat straw was comparable to that from corn starch with high optical pure (99.6%), high L-lactic acid titer (129.4 g/L), minor residual total sugars (~2.2 g/L), and inhibitors free. The cyclic L-lactide was successfully synthesized from the regularly purified L-lactic acid and verified by detailed characterizations. This study paves the technical foundation of carbon neutral production of biodegradable PLA from lignocellulose biomass. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niling He
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jia Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Zhongyang Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-based Energy and Enzyme Technology, Huaiyin Normal University, 111 West Changjiang Road, Huaian, Jiangsu, 223300, China
| | - Chun Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Gunnar Lidén
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Xiucai Liu
- Cathay Biotech Inc, 1690 Cailun Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jie Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
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