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Collection of Hairy Roots as a Basis for Fundamental and Applied Research. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27228040. [PMID: 36432139 PMCID: PMC9695355 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27228040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Due to population growth, instability of climatic conditions, and reduction of the areas of natural ecosystems, it becomes necessary to involve modern biotechnological approaches to obtain highly productive plant material. This statement applies both to the creation of plant varieties and the production of new pharmaceutical raw materials. Genetic transformation of valuable medicinal plants using Agrobacterium rhizogenes ensures the production of stable and rapidly growing hairy roots cultures that have a number of advantages compared with cell culture and, above all, can synthesize root-specific substances at the level of the roots of the intact plant. In this regard, special attention should be paid to the collection of hairy roots of the Institute of Plant Physiology RAS, Russian Academy of Sciences, the founder of which was Dr. Kuzovkina I.N. Currently, the collection contains 38 hairy roots lines of valuable medicinal and forage plants. The review discusses the prospects of creating a hairy roots collection as a basis for fundamental research and commercial purposes.
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Huang P, Lu M, Li X, Sun H, Cheng Z, Miao Y, Fu Y, Zhang X. An Efficient Agrobacterium rhizogenes-Mediated Hairy Root Transformation Method in a Soybean Root Biology Study. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012261. [PMID: 36293115 PMCID: PMC9603872 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The stable genetic transformation of soybean is time-consuming and inefficient. As a simple and practical alternative method, hairy root transformation mediated by Agrobacterium rhizogenes is widely applied in studying root-specific processes, nodulation, biochemical and molecular functions of genes of interest, gene editing efficiency of CRISPR/Cas9, and biological reactors and producers. Therefore, many laboratories have developed unique protocols to obtain hairy roots in composite plants composed of transgenic roots and wild-type shoots. However, these protocols still suffer from the shortcomings of low efficiency and time, space, and cost consumption. To address this issue, we developed a new protocol efficient regeneration and transformation of hairy roots (eR&T) in soybean, by integrating and optimizing the main current methods to achieve high efficiency in both hairy root regeneration and transformation within a shorter period and using less space. By this eR&T method, we obtained 100% regeneration of hairy roots for all explants, with an average 63.7% of transformation frequency, which promoted the simultaneous and comparative analysis of the function of several genes. The eR&T was experimentally verified Promoter:GUS reporters, protein subcellular localization, and CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing experiments. Employing this approach, we identified several novel potential regulators of nodulation, and nucleoporins of the Nup107-160 sub-complex, which showed development-dependent and tissue-dependent expression patterns, indicating their important roles in nodulation in soybean. Thus, the new eR&T method is an efficient and economical approach for investigating not only root and nodule biology, but also gene function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghui Huang
- Moa Key Lab of Soybean Biology (Beijing), National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resource and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Mingyang Lu
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in the Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xiangbei Li
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Huiyu Sun
- Moa Key Lab of Soybean Biology (Beijing), National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resource and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhiyuan Cheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Yuchen Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Yongfu Fu
- Moa Key Lab of Soybean Biology (Beijing), National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resource and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- Correspondence: (Y.F.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- Moa Key Lab of Soybean Biology (Beijing), National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resource and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- Correspondence: (Y.F.); (X.Z.)
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Liu ZY, Ji JJ, Jiang F, Tian XR, Li JK, Gao JP. Establishment of a genetic transformation system for Codonopsis pilosula callus. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY (TOKYO, JAPAN) 2022; 39:251-257. [PMID: 36349228 PMCID: PMC9592944 DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.22.0520a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Codonopsis pilosula, a traditional Chinese medicinal and edible plant, contains several bioactive components. However, the biosynthetic mechanism is unclear because of the difficulties associated with functional gene analysis. Therefore, it is important to establish an efficient genetic transformation system for gene function analysis. In this study, we established a highly efficient Agrobacterium-mediated callus genetic transformation system for C. pilosula using stems as explants. After being pre-cultured for 3 days, the explants were infected with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain GV3101 harboring pCAMBIA1381-35S::GUS at an OD600 value of 0.3 for 15 min, followed by co-cultivation on MS induction medium for 1 day and delayed cultivation on medium supplemented with 250 mg l-1 cefotaxime sodium for 12 days. The transformed calli were selected on screening medium supplemented with 250 mg l-1 cefotaxime sodium and 2.0 mg l-1 hygromycin and further confirmed by PCR amplification of the GUS gene and histochemical GUS assay. Based on the optimal protocol, the induction and transformation efficiency of calli reached a maximum of 91.07%. The establishment of a genetic transformation system for C. pilosula calli lays the foundation for the functional analysis of genes related to bioactive components through genetic engineering technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe-Yu Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, No. 81, Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Jiao-Jiao Ji
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, No. 81, Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Feng Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, No. 81, Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Xing-Rui Tian
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, No. 81, Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Jian-Kuan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, No. 81, Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Jian-Ping Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, No. 81, Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
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Jia H, Chen J, Zhang L, Zhang L. The First Report on Transgenic Hairy Root Induction from the Stem of Tung Tree (Vernicia fordii). PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11101315. [PMID: 35631740 PMCID: PMC9148109 DOI: 10.3390/plants11101315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Tung tree (Vernicia fordii) is an industrially important oil-bearing woody plant of the Euphorbiaceae family. Functional studies of tung tree at the molecular level are limited by the lack of an efficient transgenic system. The Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated hairy root generation system is an alternative to typical plant transformation systems. However, its application in many plants has been blocked due to the inability of existing methods to induce hairy roots. Thus, it is critical to build a method suitable for the hairy induction of the specific plant of interest. In this study, a modified method for tung tree was developed, and it is the first report that hairy roots could be effectively induced in the stem of tung tree. With the method, an average of 10.7 hairy roots per seedling were generated in tung tree, approximately 67% of seedlings produced transgenic hairy roots and approximately 13.96% of the hairy roots of these seedlings were transgenic. This modified method is also suitable for the hairy root induction of two other oil-bearing plants of the Euphorbiaceae family, Ricinus communis and Vernicia montana. This modified method will accelerate functional studies of tung tree at the molecular level and also shed light on plants lacking a transgenic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Jia
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410000, China; (H.J.); (J.C.)
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Junjie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410000, China; (H.J.); (J.C.)
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410000, China; (H.J.); (J.C.)
- Correspondence: (L.Z.); (L.Z.); Tel.: +86-139-0846-8074 (L.Z.); +86-151-7242-2085 (L.Z.)
| | - Lingling Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Correspondence: (L.Z.); (L.Z.); Tel.: +86-139-0846-8074 (L.Z.); +86-151-7242-2085 (L.Z.)
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Zhang R, Miao Y, Chen L, Yi S, Tan N. De Novo Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Putative Genes Involved in Anthraquinone Biosynthesis in Rubia yunnanensis. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:521. [PMID: 35328075 PMCID: PMC8954821 DOI: 10.3390/genes13030521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Rubia yunnanensis Diels (R. yunnanensis), a Chinese perennial plant, is well-known for its medicinal values such as rheumatism, contusion, and anemia. It is rich in bioactive anthraquinones, but the biosynthetic pathways of anthraquinones in R. yunnanensis remain unknown. To investigate genes involved in anthraquinone biosynthesis in R. yunnanensis, we generated a de novo transcriptome of R. yunnanensis using the Illumina HiSeq 2500 sequencing platform. A total of 636,198 transcripts were obtained, in which 140,078 transcripts were successfully annotated. A differential gene expression analysis identified 15 putative genes involved in anthraquinone biosynthesis. Additionally, the hairy roots of R. yunnanensis were treated with 200 µM Methyl Jasmonate (MeJA). The contents of six bioactive anthraquinones and gene expression levels of 15 putative genes were measured using ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), respectively. The results showed that the expressions levels for 11 of the 15 genes and the contents of two of six anthraquinones significantly increased by MeJA treatment. Pearson's correlation analyses indicated that the expressions of 4 of the 15 putative genes were positively correlated with the contents of rubiquinone (Q3) and rubiquinone-3-O-β-d-xylopranosyl-(1→6)-β-d-glucopyranoside (Q20). This study reported the first de novo transcriptome of R. yunnanensis and shed light on the anthraquinone biosynthesis and genetic information for R. yunnanensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongfei Zhang
- Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; (R.Z.); (Y.M.); (L.C.)
| | - Yuanyuan Miao
- Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; (R.Z.); (Y.M.); (L.C.)
| | - Lingyun Chen
- Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; (R.Z.); (Y.M.); (L.C.)
| | - Shanyong Yi
- Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; (R.Z.); (Y.M.); (L.C.)
- Department of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu’an 237012, China
| | - Ninghua Tan
- Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; (R.Z.); (Y.M.); (L.C.)
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