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Tottoli CR, Ben ÂJ, da Silva EN, Bosmans JE, van Tulder M, Carregaro RL. Effectiveness of Pilates compared with home-based exercises in individuals with chronic non-specific low back pain: Randomised controlled trial. Clin Rehabil 2024:2692155241277041. [PMID: 39275840 DOI: 10.1177/02692155241277041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effectiveness of a Pilates exercise program compared with home-based exercises in individuals with chronic non-specific low back pain. DESIGN A randomised controlled trial with a six-month follow-up. SETTING Rehabilitation clinic. PARTICIPANTS One hundred and forty-five individuals (18-50 years of age) with low back pain for ≥ 12 consecutive weeks were enrolled and randomly allocated to either Pilates (n = 72) or home-based exercise groups (n = 73). INTERVENTIONS Method Pilates (Mat Pilates exercises using accessories) versus home-based exercise (postural exercises, muscle stretching and strengthening, and spine stabilisation/mobilisation), twice a week, for 6 weeks. MAIN MEASURES Assessments were performed at baseline, post-intervention, and six months follow-up. Outcomes were pain intensity, disability, and health-related quality of life. RESULTS At post-intervention, the Pilates group had significantly lower pain intensity (mean difference = -1.14; 95% CI -2.05; -0.23), less disability (mean difference = -6.7; 95% CI -11.3; -2.0), and higher health-related quality of life (mean difference = 0.102; 95% CI 0.054; 0151) compared to the home-based exercise group. At follow-up, the Pilates group had a significantly higher health-related quality of life (mean difference = 0.055; 95% CI 0.003; 0.106) compared with the home-based exercise group but there were no significant differences in pain and disability. A significant overall effect of Pilates compared to home-based exercise was found for disability (mean difference = -4.4; 95% CI -7.6; -1.1), and health-related quality of life (mean difference = 0.049; 95% CI 0.022; 0.076), but not for pain. CONCLUSION Although Pilates was significantly superior to home exercise for pain and disability, the differences were not considered clinically relevant. However, Pilates did provide significant and clinically relevant differences in utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Ribeiro Tottoli
- Doctoral Program in Physical Education, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Brasília, Brazil
- Master in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Campus UnB Ceilândia, Brasília, Brazil
- Núcleo de Evidências e Tecnologias em Saúde (NETecS), Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Campus UnB Ceilândia, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Ângela Jornada Ben
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Everton Nunes da Silva
- Master in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Campus UnB Ceilândia, Brasília, Brazil
- Núcleo de Evidências e Tecnologias em Saúde (NETecS), Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Campus UnB Ceilândia, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Judith E Bosmans
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maurits van Tulder
- Department Human Movement Sciences, Faculty Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rodrigo Luiz Carregaro
- Doctoral Program in Physical Education, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Brasília, Brazil
- Master in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Campus UnB Ceilândia, Brasília, Brazil
- Núcleo de Evidências e Tecnologias em Saúde (NETecS), Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Campus UnB Ceilândia, Brasília, Brazil
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Arora NK, Donath L, Owen PJ, Miller CT, Saueressig T, Winter F, Hambloch M, Neason C, Karner V, Belavy DL. The Impact of Exercise Prescription Variables on Intervention Outcomes in Musculoskeletal Pain: An Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews. Sports Med 2024; 54:711-725. [PMID: 38093145 PMCID: PMC10978700 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-023-01966-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Musculoskeletal pain conditions are the largest contributors to disability and healthcare burden globally. Exercise interventions improve physical function and quality of life in individuals with musculoskeletal pain, yet optimal exercise prescription variables (e.g. duration, frequency, intensity) are unclear. OBJECTIVE We aimed to examine evidence gaps, methodological quality and exercise prescription recommendations in systematic reviews of exercise for musculoskeletal pain. METHODS In our prospectively registered umbrella review, PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, EMBASE, and CINAHL were searched from inception to 14 February 2023. Backward citation tracking was performed. We included peer-reviewed, English language, systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and controlled clinical trials (CCTs) that compared exercise with conservative treatment, placebo or other exercise interventions in adults with musculoskeletal pain. Data were extracted from the following groups of reviews based on their reporting of exercise prescription data and analysis of the relationship between prescription variables and outcomes: (1) those that did not report any exercise prescription data, (2) those that reported exercise prescription data but did not perform a quantitative analysis and (3) those that performed a quantitative analysis of the relationship between exercise prescription variables and outcomes. Outcome measures were physical function, pain, mental health, adverse effects and adherence to treatment. AMSTAR-2 (A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews) was used to assess methodological quality. RESULTS From 6757 records, 274 systematic reviews were included. 6.6% of reviews did not report any exercise prescription data, and only 10.9% quantitatively analyzed the relationship between prescription variables and the outcome(s). The overall methodological quality was critically low in 85% of reviews. CONCLUSION High methodological quality evidence is lacking for optimal exercise training prescription variables in individuals with musculoskeletal pain. To better inform practice and evidence gaps, future systematic reviews should (1) identify optimum exercise prescription variables, for example, via dose-response (network) meta-analysis, (2) perform high-quality reviews per AMSTAR-2 criteria and (3) include outcomes of mental health, adverse events and exercise adherence. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42021287440 ( https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021287440 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Kumar Arora
- Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Applied Health Sciences, Hochschule für Gesundheit (University of Applied Sciences), Gesundheitscampus 6-8, 44801, Bochum, Germany
- Department of Intervention Research in Exercise Training, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lars Donath
- Department of Intervention Research in Exercise Training, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Patrick J Owen
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Clint T Miller
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Tobias Saueressig
- Science and Research, Physio Meets Science GmbH, Leimen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Felicitas Winter
- Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Applied Health Sciences, Hochschule für Gesundheit (University of Applied Sciences), Gesundheitscampus 6-8, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Marina Hambloch
- Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Applied Health Sciences, Hochschule für Gesundheit (University of Applied Sciences), Gesundheitscampus 6-8, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Christopher Neason
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Vera Karner
- Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Applied Health Sciences, Hochschule für Gesundheit (University of Applied Sciences), Gesundheitscampus 6-8, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Daniel L Belavy
- Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Applied Health Sciences, Hochschule für Gesundheit (University of Applied Sciences), Gesundheitscampus 6-8, 44801, Bochum, Germany.
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Grooten WJA, Boström C, Dedering Å, Halvorsen M, Kuster RP, Nilsson-Wikmar L, Olsson CB, Rovner G, Tseli E, Rasmussen-Barr E. Summarizing the effects of different exercise types in chronic low back pain - a systematic review of systematic reviews. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2022; 23:801. [PMID: 35996124 PMCID: PMC9394044 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-022-05722-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In chronic LBP (CLBP), guideline-endorsed treatment is to stay active, return to normal activity, and to exercise. Several reviews on various exercise types used in CLBP have been published. We aimed to identify systematic reviews of common exercise types used in CLBP, to appraise their quality, and to summarize and compare their effect on pain and disability. Methods We searched the databases OVID MEDLINE, EMBASE, COCHRANE LIBRARY, and WEB OF SCIENCE (Core collection) for systematic reviews and meta-analyses on adults between 18 and 70 years of age suffering from chronic or recurrent LBP for a period of at least 12 weeks, which investigated the effects of exercises on pain and disability. All searches were conducted without language restriction. The search was performed up until 2022–01-26. The included reviews were grouped into nine exercise types: aerobic training, aquatic exercises, motor control exercises (MCE), resistance training, Pilates, sling exercises, traditional Chinese exercises (TCE), walking, and yoga. The study quality was assessed with AMSTAR-2. For each exercise type, a narrative analysis was performed, and the level of evidence for the effects of exercise was assessed through GRADE. Results Our database search resulted in 3,475 systematic reviews. Out of the 253 full texts that were screened, we included 45 systematic reviews and meta-analyses. The quality of the included reviews ranged from high to critically low. Due to large heterogeneity, no meta-analyses were performed. We found low-to-moderate evidence of mainly short-term and small beneficial effects on pain and disability for MCE, Pilates, resistance training, TCE, and yoga compared to no or minimal intervention. Conclusions Our findings show that the effect of various exercise types used in CLBP on pain and disability varies with no major difference between exercise types. Many of the included systematic reviews were of low-to-moderate quality and based on randomized controlled trials with high risk of bias. The conflicting results seen, undermine the certainty of the results leading to very-low-to-moderate quality of evidence for our results. Future systematic reviews should be of higher quality to minimize waste of resources. Trial registration PROSPERO: Reg no 190409 Registration date 01AUG 2020. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12891-022-05722-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilhelmus Johannes Andreas Grooten
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Physiotherapy, Karolinska Institutet, Alfred Nobels Allé 23, 141 83, Huddinge, Sweden.,Department of Occupational Therapy and Physiotherapy, Women's Health and Allied Health Professionals' Theme, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carina Boström
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Physiotherapy, Karolinska Institutet, Alfred Nobels Allé 23, 141 83, Huddinge, Sweden.,Department of Occupational Therapy and Physiotherapy, Women's Health and Allied Health Professionals' Theme, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Åsa Dedering
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Physiotherapy, Karolinska Institutet, Alfred Nobels Allé 23, 141 83, Huddinge, Sweden.,The Health and Medical Care Administration, Region Dalarna, Falun, Sweden
| | - Marie Halvorsen
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Physiotherapy, Karolinska Institutet, Alfred Nobels Allé 23, 141 83, Huddinge, Sweden.,Department of Occupational Therapy and Physiotherapy, Women's Health and Allied Health Professionals' Theme, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Roman P Kuster
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Physiotherapy, Karolinska Institutet, Alfred Nobels Allé 23, 141 83, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Lena Nilsson-Wikmar
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Physiotherapy, Karolinska Institutet, Alfred Nobels Allé 23, 141 83, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Christina B Olsson
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Physiotherapy, Karolinska Institutet, Alfred Nobels Allé 23, 141 83, Huddinge, Sweden.,Academic Primary Healthcare Centre, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Graciela Rovner
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Physiotherapy, Karolinska Institutet, Alfred Nobels Allé 23, 141 83, Huddinge, Sweden.,ACT Institutet Sweden, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Elena Tseli
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Physiotherapy, Karolinska Institutet, Alfred Nobels Allé 23, 141 83, Huddinge, Sweden.,School of Health and Welfare, Dalarna University, Falun, Sweden
| | - Eva Rasmussen-Barr
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Physiotherapy, Karolinska Institutet, Alfred Nobels Allé 23, 141 83, Huddinge, Sweden.
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Zhang SK, Yang Y, Gu ML, Mao SJ, Zhou WS. Effects of Low Back Pain Exercises on Pain Symptoms and Activities of Daily Living: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Percept Mot Skills 2021; 129:63-89. [PMID: 34911404 DOI: 10.1177/00315125211059407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Our objective in this paper was to systematically review evaluations of the effects of exercises on pain symptoms and activities of daily living (ADL) in middle-aged and elderly patients with low back pain (LBP). We searched Web of Science, PubMed, EBSCO, and China National Knowledge Internet (CNKI) databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on this topic. We evaluated the methodological quality of included articles using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale, and we statistically analyzed these studies using RevMan software. We reviewed 18 RCTs (23 comparison groups) with a total of 910 participants, and our meta-analysis confirmed that exercises significantly improved both pain and ADLs measured on visual analog scales (VAS) (SMD = -0.91, 95% CI: [-1.3, -0.52], p < 0.00001) and on the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) (SMD = -2.07, 95% CI: [-3.19, -0.96], p < 0.00001). We conclude that exercises can reduce pain severity and improve ADL capacity in middle-aged and elderly persons with LBP, confirming that exercise can serve as a medical intervention for these indivdiuals. However, given the high heterogeneity of responses among individual participants, there remains a need for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Kun Zhang
- Department of Police Physical Education, 164369Jiangsu Police Institute, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Institute of Sport, Henan University, Kai Feng, China
| | - Mei-Ling Gu
- Nanjing Tian-zheng Primary School, Nanjing, China
| | - Su-Jie Mao
- 71198Graduate School of Nanjing University of Physical Education, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen-Sheng Zhou
- Department of Physical Education, 74587Nanjing Xiao-Zhuang University, Nanjing, China
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Kwok BC, Lim JXL, Kong PW. The Theoretical Framework of the Clinical Pilates Exercise Method in Managing Non-Specific Chronic Low Back Pain: A Narrative Review. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10111096. [PMID: 34827088 PMCID: PMC8615180 DOI: 10.3390/biology10111096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Exercise is important in helping people with chronic low back pain to regain wellness. General exercises such as cycling and strength training helps with the condition but require a longer time to achieve meaningful improvements in pain and function. Movement preference is potentially useful in exercise and can help an individual to achieve improvements faster. The Clinical Pilates exercise method uses movement preference and thus is a hybrid of two of the best exercise techniques in managing chronic low back pain. However, current studies in Clinical Pilates are lacking and thus challenge the translation of the technique into clinical practice. Hence, a narrative review of the theory of the Clinical Pilates exercise method is examined, and current literature is reviewed to provide a guide towards successful exercise prescription. A structured approach to physical assessment of human movement is proposed to guide clinicians or researchers involved in exercise prescription to design effective exercises. The structured assessment approach also helps with managing clinical cases with multiple episodes of injuries. Despite limited evidence, the Clinical Pilates exercise method is safe and provides faster and earlier recovery and the same longer term outcomes as general exercises. Abstract Exercise plays an important role in rehabilitating people with chronic low back pain. Aerobic exercise and resistance training are general exercise strategies to manage chronic low back pain, but these strategies require longer intervention period to achieve clinical outcomes in pain reduction and functional improvements. Directional preference is recognised as an important exercise strategy in managing low back pain. The Clinical Pilates exercise method leverages on the directional preference of an individual to achieve clinical outcomes faster. Clinical Pilates is a hybrid of two of the best exercise interventions for low back pain, which are general Pilates and the McKenzie method. Due to the scarcity of Clinical Pilates literature, a review of its theory and studies was undertaken to provide a structured guide to the technique in managing people with chronic low back pain. Hypothetical algorithms are developed to support translation into clinical practice and future research studies. These algorithms are useful in the management of complex cases involving multiple directional trauma. Although limited, current evidence suggests that the Clinical Pilates exercise method is safe and provides faster functional recovery in the early stage of rehabilitation and similar longer term outcomes as general exercises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boon Chong Kwok
- Physical Education and Sports Science Academic Group, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637616, Singapore;
| | - Justin Xuan Li Lim
- Rehabilitation, Clinical Pilates Family Physiotherapy, Singapore 079906, Singapore;
| | - Pui Wah Kong
- Physical Education and Sports Science Academic Group, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637616, Singapore;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +65-6790-3897
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Denham-Jones L, Gaskell L, Spence N, Pigott T. A systematic review of the effectiveness of Pilates on pain, disability, physical function, and quality of life in older adults with chronic musculoskeletal conditions. Musculoskeletal Care 2021; 20:10-30. [PMID: 34028164 DOI: 10.1002/msc.1563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This systematic review aims to evaluate the effectiveness and delivery of Pilates to reduce pain and disability and to improve physical function and quality of life in middle-aged to older adults with a range of chronic musculoskeletal conditions. METHODS Searches were conducted using CENTRAL, CINAHL, SCOPUS, Pubmed, PsycInfo, Web of Science Core Collection and Google Scholar. Inclusion criteria were controlled trials and observational studies, population mean age 50 years and over with chronic musculoskeletal conditions, using mat-based Pilates exercise. Outcomes included pain, disability, physical function and quality of life. RESULTS Seven studies were included, with a combined total sample of 397 participants (73% female). Pilates was significantly effective (p ≤ 0.05) for reducing back pain, neck pain and pain associated with knee osteoarthritis and osteoporosis. Additional significant disability, physical functioning and quality of life effects were found for back pain, osteoporosis, and knee OA. Overall Pilates was as effective as other exercise. Adherence to group exercise was good, but poor for home exercise. No significant adverse effects were reported. CONCLUSION Pilates is a safe and effective exercise intervention for adults over 50 with a diverse range of musculoskeletal conditions which may otherwise put them at risk of becoming sedentary. Although no overall significant superiority was found over other exercise, participants reported psychosocial benefits particular to the Pilates group exercise, with enjoyment a possible positive factor in adherence. Further research on Pilates exercises for various pathologies could inform teaching and improve engagement with older adults, including those with chronic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lynne Gaskell
- School of Health & Society, University of Salford, Salford, UK
| | - Nicola Spence
- School of Health & Society, University of Salford, Salford, UK
| | - Tim Pigott
- School of Health & Society, University of Salford, Salford, UK
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Kim YS, Lee N. Effects of applied swan pilates motions on upper body muscle activities. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2021; 26:290-293. [PMID: 33992260 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2020.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There have been very few studies involving swan motion during pilates exercises, and there is also insufficient scientific evidence to support the fact that Pilates swan motion strengthens specific muscles. OBJECTIVES Firstly, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of 5 types Pilates swan motion (swan basic (SB), swan push-up (SP), swan holding posture (SH), form roller-based swan (SF), and circle-based swan (SC)) on muscle activity of deltoideus p. acromialis (DA), infraspinatus (IP), trapezius (TP), latissimus dorsi (LD), and erector spinae (ES). Secondly, the purpose of this study was to suggest an effective Pilates swan motion for strengthening muscle strength of each targeted muscle. METHODS Twenty-four healthy men in their 20s participated and all participants were measured muscle activity in DA, IP, TP, LD, and ES muscles by electromyography (EMG) during 5 Pilates swan motions (SB, SP, SH, SF, & SC). The measured values were expressed as relative voluntary contraction (%RVC) values based on the SB. RESULTS The %RVC values representing the muscle activity of DA and TP were significantly higher in SH and SP than in SC, SF, and SB (p < .001). The %RVC values of IP and LD were significantly higher in SH and SC than in SF, SP, and SB (p < .001). The %RVC value of ES was were significantly higher in SH than in SP, SC, SF, and SB (p < .001). CONCLUSION The application of SP, SC, and SH Pilates swan motion is an effective method to activate the back muscles of the trunk.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Sin Kim
- College of Humanities and Social Science, Jungwon University, Goesan-gun, Chungbuk, 28024, Republic of Korea
| | - Namju Lee
- Aribio H&B, Gyeonggi Branch Office #710, Yongin Techno Valley 357, Guseong-ro, Giheung-gu, Gyeonggi-do, 16914, Republic of Korea.
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The effect of pilates on metabolic control and oxidative stress of diabetics type 2 - A randomized controlled clinical trial. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2021; 27:60-66. [PMID: 34391294 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2021.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Pilates method is an approach to body and mind exercises that has as its foundation the gain of stability, strength and flexibility, and the work of muscular control, posture and breathing, which can generate repercussions on oxidative stress and ROS production, it is expected that Pilates can satisfactorily influence glycemic and oxidative stress reduction in elderly diabetes. AIM To analyze the effect of a Pilates protocol on variables indicative of metabolic control and oxidative stress in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. METHOD Randomized clinical trial in type 2 diabetics enrolled in Hiperdia Parnaíba. A Pilates protocol was performed for 8 weeks, with 2 weekly consultations. The tested variables were: blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, lipid profile, C-reactive protein and malondialdehyde. ANOVA tests, correlation of Wilcoxon, Friedman and Spearman, were used, with a significance level of 5%. RESULTS 44 diabetics participated in the study (intervention group: 22; control: 22), with a mean age of 61.23 ± 8.49years, the majority being female (77.3%), married (59.1%), literate (31.8%), with an average BMI of 26.96 ± 4.35 kg/m2. When analyzing the effects of the protocol, there was a significant reduction in glycated hemoglobin (p = 0.002) and oxidative stress (p = 0.004) in the intervention group, however, there were no differences in fasting glucose (p = 0.055) and in the profile lipid, expressed by the total cholesterol (p = 0.654), HDL (p = 0.591), LDL (p = 0.564) and triglycerides (0.192). There was a moderate positive correlation between oxidative stress and glycated hemoglobin (r = 0.44, p = 0.000). CONCLUSION The exercise protocol based on the Pilates method produced a reduction in glycated hemoglobin and oxidative stress.
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Panhan AC, Gonçalves M, Eltz GD, Villalba MM, Cardozo AC, Bérzin F. Core muscle activation during Pilates exercises on the Wunda chair. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2020; 25:165-169. [PMID: 33714490 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2020.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJETIVES The Pilates method, developed by Joseph Pilates (1886-1967), has been widely used to improve trunk stability, muscle flexibility and strength, physical fitness, and body awareness. To measure the electromyography of four trunk muscles during three Pilates exercises carried out of the wunda chair. DESING: cross-section study. METHODS Sixteen women participated in this study with a height and body weight of 1.64 ± 0.04 m and 58.7 ± 7.4 kg, respectively, and a mean age of 27.6 ± 3.7 years. Rectus abdominis (RA), internal oblique (IO), longissimus (LO), and multifidus (MU) muscles was evaluated by electromyographic (EMG) tests activity during three Pilates exercises: going up front (GF), mountain climb (MC), and swan (SW). EMG was normalized and expressed in the time domain, by the RMS. RESULTS The highest EMG values concerning the four muscles were observed for the MC exercise, followed by GF and SW (ANOVA: p = 0.0001, p = 0.04, p = 0.0002, and p = 0.0013, respectively). Our results show that the three Pilates exercises could recruit all the muscles, with a moderate activity intensity. The ANOVA; p < 0.05 showed significant difference between the muscles, concerning SW (p = 0.0002). CONCLUSION Our results show that the three Pilates exercises could recruit all the muscles, with a moderate activity intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Panhan
- Department of Morphology (Anatomy), Piracicaba Dental School, UNICAMP. Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Mauro Gonçalves
- Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University, UNESP. Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giovana D Eltz
- Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University, UNESP. Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marina M Villalba
- Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University, UNESP. Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adalgiso C Cardozo
- Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University, UNESP. Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fausto Bérzin
- Department of Morphology (Anatomy), Piracicaba Dental School, UNICAMP. Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
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Poncela-Skupien C, Pinero-Pinto E, Martínez-Cepa C, Zuil-Escobar JC, Romero-Galisteo RP, Palomo-Carrión R. How does the Execution of the Pilates Method and Therapeutic Exercise Influence Back Pain and Postural Alignment in Children Who Play String Instruments? A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E7436. [PMID: 33066061 PMCID: PMC7650639 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17207436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inappropriate posture in children while playing some string instruments can cause back pain and alterations of the spine. To date, there is no research on the effect of exercise on children who play a musical instrument, although it is known that transversus abdominis muscle control through the Pilates method has shown pain reduction and posture improvement in this population. OBJECTIVE To assess the effectiveness of the Pilates method combined with therapeutic exercise with respect to therapeutic exercise exclusively in reducing pain and improving postural alignment in children playing string instruments applying a protocol of low dose to increase children's adherence to training. METHODS A randomized controlled pilot study was designed with two parallel intervention groups. Twenty-five children (10-14 years old) were randomized in two intervention groups: Pilates method with therapeutic exercise (experimental) and therapeutic exercise (control) for 4 weeks (50 min per day, one day per week). Two assessments were performed (before and after treatment) to assess back pain and shoulders and hips alignment using a visual analog scale and the Kinovea program. RESULTS Statistically significant differences were obtained for pain reduction before (p = 0.04) and after (p = 0.01) playing the instrument in the experimental group. There were no significant changes in alignment improvement in any of the two groups. CONCLUSION The application of a low dose of the Pilates method combined with therapeutic exercise could be a beneficial intervention for pain reduction before and after musical practice in children who play string instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elena Pinero-Pinto
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Nursery, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, University of Seville, 41004 Seville, Spain
| | - Carmen Martínez-Cepa
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, CEU-San Pablo University, 28003 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Juan Carlos Zuil-Escobar
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, CEU-San Pablo University, 28003 Madrid, Spain;
| | | | - Rocío Palomo-Carrión
- Department of Nursery, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Physiotherapy and Nursery, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain;
- GIFTO. Physiotherapy Research Group of Toledo, 45071 Toledo, Spain
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Cuddy P, Gaskell L. "How do Pilates Trained Physiotherapists utilize and value Pilates Exercise for MSK conditions? A Qualitative Study". Musculoskeletal Care 2020; 18:315-329. [PMID: 32250561 DOI: 10.1002/msc.1463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pilates is a popular exercise therapy approach offering numerous benefits, including muscular strength, flexibility, control, and core stability. Pilates has been widely utilized in the prevention and rehabilitation of a variety of musculoskeletal disorders. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to explore the experiences and opinions of Pilates trained NHS and private practice physiotherapists in the UK, regarding the perceived benefits, risks, delivery and rationale for this exercise method. METHODS This qualitative study used a self-designed electronic survey to retrieve the views of 30 physiotherapists, who had undertaken formal Pilates Instruction training, recruited by a purposive and snowball sampling method. Questions were either multiple choice or open-ended, examined via thematic analysis. RESULTS Physiotherapists identified the most important benefits of Pilates as reduction in fear-avoidance, improving bodily awareness and increasing muscular strength. Exercises that promote general movement were highlighted as being particularly useful, with a majority recommending daily practice for optimum benefit. Participants recognized lack of core strength as a key indicator, whereas others criticized excessive focus on this principle. CONCLUSIONS Physiotherapists identified a range of inter-linked benefits and recognized that Pilates is hugely modifiable. Individualizing exercises can further encourage participation and negate the restriction of some health conditions. NHS and Private Practice Therapists utilize Pilates in a similar way, although rationales for its use may differ, as the justification for Pilates exercise may be evolving. Pilates appears a valuable methodology in the NHS, which can help patients engage with activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Cuddy
- School of Health and Society, University of Salford, Salford, UK
| | - Lynne Gaskell
- School of Health and Society, University of Salford, Salford, UK
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Tottoli CR, van Tulder M, Silva END, Marques YA, Martins WR, Luiz Carregaro R. Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of Pilates versus home-based exercises in individuals with chronic non-specific low back pain: randomised controlled trial protocol. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOTHERAPY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/21679169.2019.1645883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Ribeiro Tottoli
- School of Physical Therapy, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Brasília, Brazil
- Master Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Campus UnB Ceilândia, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Maurits van Tulder
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Yara Andrade Marques
- School of Physical Therapy, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Brasília, Brazil
- Master Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Campus UnB Ceilândia, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Wagner Rodrigues Martins
- School of Physical Therapy, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Brasília, Brazil
- Master Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Campus UnB Ceilândia, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Luiz Carregaro
- School of Physical Therapy, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Brasília, Brazil
- Master Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Campus UnB Ceilândia, Brasília, Brazil
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Baillie L, Bacon CJ, Hewitt CM, Moran RW. Predictors of functional improvement in people with chronic low back pain following a graded Pilates-based exercise programme. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2019; 23:211-218. [PMID: 30691755 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have investigated subgroups of patients with low back pain (LBP) most likely to benefit from Pilates or movement control exercises, but none have determined prognostic factors specifically for chronic LBP. This prospective cohort study aimed to determine predictors of change in disability in people with chronic LBP following a Pilates-based exercise programme and reports summarised integrated prediction statistics to aid clinical utility for determination of subgroups likely to benefit or not benefit from treatment. METHODS Healthy adults (n = 55) with non-specific chronic LBP undertook a graded 6-week programme involving two 1-hour Pilates sessions/week (1 mat and 1 equipment-based) led in small groups by a trained Pilates instructor. Predictors of change in Patient-Specific Functional Scale (PSFS) were identified through regression analysis and used to develop clinical prediction statistics. RESULTS Clinically important improvement (n = 14 of 48 analysed) was predicted by four variables: gradual rather than sudden onset of LBP, PSFS <3.7 points, absence of aberrant motions on forward bending, and body mass index >24.5 kg/m2. Presence of ≥3 improved probability of success from 29% to 73%. Failure to improve (n = 18) was predicted by three variables: sudden onset of low back pain, patient-specific functional score ≥3.7, and difference between left and right active straight leg raise >7°. Presence of all three increased probability of failure from 38% to 80%. CONCLUSIONS A combination of five, easily measured variables were able to predict disability outcome following a graded programme of Pilates-based exercises in people with chronic LBP. Two common movement deficits were inversely related to positive changes in function which may call into question the structural mechanism of improvements observed. TRIAL REGISTRATION Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN12616001588482.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyla Baillie
- Osteopathy, Unitec Institute of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Claire M Hewitt
- Osteopathy, Unitec Institute of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Robert W Moran
- Osteopathy, Unitec Institute of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
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Lorenc A, Feder G, MacPherson H, Little P, Mercer SW, Sharp D. Scoping review of systematic reviews of complementary medicine for musculoskeletal and mental health conditions. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e020222. [PMID: 30327397 PMCID: PMC6196876 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify potentially effective complementary approaches for musculoskeletal (MSK)-mental health (MH) comorbidity, by synthesising evidence on effectiveness, cost-effectiveness and safety from systematic reviews (SRs). DESIGN Scoping review of SRs. METHODS We searched literature databases, registries and reference lists, and contacted key authors and professional organisations to identify SRs of randomised controlled trials for complementary medicine for MSK or MH. Inclusion criteria were: published after 2004, studying adults, in English and scoring >50% on Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR); quality appraisal checklist). SRs were synthesised to identify research priorities, based on moderate/good quality evidence, sample size and indication of cost-effectiveness and safety. RESULTS We included 84 MSK SRs and 27 MH SRs. Only one focused on MSK-MH comorbidity. Meditative approaches and yoga may improve MH outcomes in MSK populations. Yoga and tai chi had moderate/good evidence for MSK and MH conditions. SRs reported moderate/good quality evidence (any comparator) in a moderate/large population for: low back pain (LBP) (yoga, acupuncture, spinal manipulation/mobilisation, osteopathy), osteoarthritis (OA) (acupuncture, tai chi), neck pain (acupuncture, manipulation/manual therapy), myofascial trigger point pain (acupuncture), depression (mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR), meditation, tai chi, relaxation), anxiety (meditation/MBSR, moving meditation, yoga), sleep disorders (meditative/mind-body movement) and stress/distress (mindfulness). The majority of these complementary approaches had some evidence of safety-only three had evidence of harm. There was some evidence of cost-effectiveness for spinal manipulation/mobilisation and acupuncture for LBP, and manual therapy/manipulation for neck pain, but few SRs reviewed cost-effectiveness and many found no data. CONCLUSIONS Only one SR studied MSK-MH comorbidity. Research priorities for complementary medicine for both MSK and MH (LBP, OA, depression, anxiety and sleep problems) are yoga, mindfulness and tai chi. Despite the large number of SRs and the prevalence of comorbidity, more high-quality, large randomised controlled trials in comorbid populations are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ava Lorenc
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UK
| | - Gene Feder
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Paul Little
- Primary Care and Population Science Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Stewart W Mercer
- General Practice and Primary Care, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Deborah Sharp
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UK
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Henningsen P, Zipfel S, Sattel H, Creed F. Management of Functional Somatic Syndromes and Bodily Distress. PSYCHOTHERAPY AND PSYCHOSOMATICS 2018; 87:12-31. [PMID: 29306954 DOI: 10.1159/000484413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Functional somatic syndromes (FSS), like irritable bowel syndrome or fibromyalgia and other symptoms reflecting bodily distress, are common in practically all areas of medicine worldwide. Diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to these symptoms and syndromes vary substantially across and within medical specialties from biomedicine to psychiatry. Patients may become frustrated with the lack of effective treatment, doctors may experience these disorders as difficult to treat, and this type of health problem forms an important component of the global burden of disease. This review intends to develop a unifying perspective on the understanding and management of FSS and bodily distress. Firstly, we present the clinical problem and review current concepts for classification. Secondly, we propose an integrated etiological model which encompasses a wide range of biopsychosocial vulnerability and triggering factors and considers consecutive aggravating and maintaining factors. Thirdly, we systematically scrutinize the current evidence base in terms of an umbrella review of systematic reviews from 2007 to 2017 and give recommendations for treatment for all levels of care, concentrating on developments over the last 10 years. We conclude that activating, patient-involving, and centrally acting therapies appear to be more effective than passive ones that primarily act on peripheral physiology, and we recommend stepped care approaches that translate a truly biopsychosocial approach into actual management of the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Henningsen
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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Chang WJ, O'Connell NE, Beckenkamp PR, Alhassani G, Liston MB, Schabrun SM. Altered Primary Motor Cortex Structure, Organization, and Function in Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2018; 19:341-359. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Joyce AA, Kotler DH. Core Training in Low Back Disorders: Role of the Pilates Method. Curr Sports Med Rep 2018; 16:156-161. [PMID: 28498224 DOI: 10.1249/jsr.0000000000000365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The Pilates method is a system of exercises developed by Joseph Pilates, which emphasizes recruitment and strengthening of the core muscles, flexibility, and breathing, to promote stability and control of movement. Its focus bears similarity to current evidence-based exercise programs for low back disorders. Spinal stability is a function of three interdependent systems, osseoligamentous, muscular, and neural control; exercise addresses both the muscular and neural function. The "core" typically refers to the muscular control required to maintain functional stability. Prior research has highlighted the importance of muscular strength and recruitment, with debate over the importance of individual muscles in the wider context of core control. Though developed long before the current evidence, the Pilates method is relevant in this setting and clearly relates to current evidence-based exercise interventions. Current literature supports the Pilates method as a treatment for low back disorders, but its benefit when compared with other exercise is less clear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew A Joyce
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Atilgan E, Tarakci D, Mutluay F. Examining the postural awareness and flexibility changes in physical therapy students who took clinical Pilates class. Pak J Med Sci 2017; 33:640-644. [PMID: 28811786 PMCID: PMC5510118 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.333.12808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate postural awareness and changes in posture and flexibility of students who took Clinical Pilates class as an elective course at the undergraduate level. Methods: The study conducted from 2013-2016 included 98 students who took Clinical Pilates class at the Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, School of Health Sciences, Istanbul Medipol University, Turkey. The flexibility levels of the study participants were measured before and after the Clinical Pilates education using finger-to-floor test and modified Schober’s test. Observational posture analysis and postural awareness were recorded using the scale prepared by the researchers. Results: The post-education evaluations showed that postural distortions were fixed, and a significant increase in the postural awareness of the students was observed compared with the pre-education period. The results of both modified Schober’s test and finger-to-floor test, which were used to measure the flexibility levels, showed a statistically significant increase in post-education scores compared with those of the pre-education period. Conclusion: This study showed that the Clinical Pilates course increased postural awareness and flexibility of physical therapy students and fixed postural distortions. Thus, the inclusion of Clinical Pilates class in the undergraduate education is considered to be important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Atilgan
- Esra Atilgan, PT, PhD. Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Istanbul Medipol University Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Devrim Tarakci
- Devrim Tarakci, PT, PhD. Department of Ergotherapy, Istanbul Medipol University Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fatma Mutluay
- Prof. Fatma Mutluay, PT. Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Istanbul Medipol University Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
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Çelik D, Turkel N. The effectiveness of Pilates for partial anterior cruciate ligament injury. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2017; 25:2357-2364. [PMID: 26231151 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-015-3718-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study explored the effects of Pilates on the muscle strength, function, and instability of patients with partial anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries in situations in which a non-surgical treatment option is preferred. METHODS Fifty participants 20-45 years of age who were diagnosed with isolated ACL injuries were included in the study. The participants were randomly assigned to either the Pilates exercise group (n = 24) or the control group (n = 26). The subjects in the Pilates exercise group performed basic mat exercises that focused on the muscle strength and flexibility of the lower limbs and core muscles during each class session, which met three times per week for 12 weeks. The control group did not receive any treatment or home exercise programme. All patients were evaluated using the Lysholm Knee Scale, the Cincinnati Knee Rating System, and isokinetic quadriceps and hamstring strength. Patient satisfaction regarding improvement in knee stability was assessed using the Global Rating of Change scale. RESULTS The Pilates group experienced significant improvement over the control group as measured by the difference in quadriceps strength at 12 weeks (p = 0.03). Both groups showed some clinical change over time, but the Pilates group improved for all outcome measurements at the 12-week follow-up, and the control group only improved for functional outcomes. Patient satisfaction with the level of knee stability based on the Global Rating of Change scale was higher in the Pilates group than in the control group. CONCLUSION Although both groups exhibited improvements in knee strength and functional outcomes, the results suggest that Pilates is a superior management approach over a control treatment for increasing quadriceps strength in participants with partial ACL injury. Pilates may provide clinicians a novel option when choosing a treatment for a partial ACL injury. Further study is needed to determine whether certain subgroups of individuals might achieve an added benefit with this approach. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derya Çelik
- Division of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul University, 34740, Bakırkoy, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Nilgun Turkel
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, 34093, Fatih/Çapa, Istanbul, Turkey
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Babatunde OO, Jordan JL, Van der Windt DA, Hill JC, Foster NE, Protheroe J. Effective treatment options for musculoskeletal pain in primary care: A systematic overview of current evidence. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178621. [PMID: 28640822 PMCID: PMC5480856 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Musculoskeletal pain, the most common cause of disability globally, is most frequently managed in primary care. People with musculoskeletal pain in different body regions share similar characteristics, prognosis, and may respond to similar treatments. This overview aims to summarise current best evidence on currently available treatment options for the five most common musculoskeletal pain presentations (back, neck, shoulder, knee and multi-site pain) in primary care. METHODS A systematic search was conducted. Initial searches identified clinical guidelines, clinical pathways and systematic reviews. Additional searches found recently published trials and those addressing gaps in the evidence base. Data on study populations, interventions, and outcomes of intervention on pain and function were extracted. Quality of systematic reviews was assessed using AMSTAR, and strength of evidence rated using a modified GRADE approach. RESULTS Moderate to strong evidence suggests that exercise therapy and psychosocial interventions are effective for relieving pain and improving function for musculoskeletal pain. NSAIDs and opioids reduce pain in the short-term, but the effect size is modest and the potential for adverse effects need careful consideration. Corticosteroid injections were found to be beneficial for short-term pain relief among patients with knee and shoulder pain. However, current evidence remains equivocal on optimal dose, intensity and frequency, or mode of application for most treatment options. CONCLUSION This review presents a comprehensive summary and critical assessment of current evidence for the treatment of pain presentations in primary care. The evidence synthesis of interventions for common musculoskeletal pain presentations shows moderate-strong evidence for exercise therapy and psychosocial interventions, with short-term benefits only from pharmacological treatments. Future research into optimal dose and application of the most promising treatments is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Opeyemi O. Babatunde
- Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Research Institute for Primary Care & Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, United Kingdom
| | - Joanne L. Jordan
- Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Research Institute for Primary Care & Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, United Kingdom
| | - Danielle A. Van der Windt
- Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Research Institute for Primary Care & Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan C. Hill
- Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Research Institute for Primary Care & Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, United Kingdom
| | - Nadine E. Foster
- Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Research Institute for Primary Care & Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, United Kingdom
| | - Joanne Protheroe
- Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Research Institute for Primary Care & Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, United Kingdom
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Lin HT, Hung WC, Hung JL, Wu PS, Liaw LJ, Chang JH. Effects of pilates on patients with chronic non-specific low back pain: a systematic review. J Phys Ther Sci 2016; 28:2961-2969. [PMID: 27821970 PMCID: PMC5088161 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.28.2961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] To evaluate the effects of Pilates on patients with chronic low back pain
through a systematic review of high-quality articles on randomized controlled trials.
[Subjects and Methods] Keywords and synonyms for “Pilates” and “Chronic low back pain”
were used in database searches. The databases included PubMed, Physiotherapy Evidence
Database (PEDro), Medline, and the Cochrane Library. Articles involving randomized
controlled trials with higher than 5 points on the PEDro scale were reviewed for
suitability and inclusion. The methodological quality of the included randomized
controlled trials was evaluated using the PEDro scale. Relevant information was extracted
by 3 reviewers. [Results] Eight randomized controlled trial articles were included.
Patients with chronic low back pain showed statistically significant improvement in pain
relief and functional ability compared to patients who only performed usual or routine
health care. However, other forms of exercise were similar to Pilates in the improvement
of pain relief and functional capacity. [Conclusion] In patients with chronic low back
pain, Pilates showed significant improvement in pain relief and functional enhancement.
Other exercises showed effects similar to those of Pilates, if waist or torso movement was
included and the exercises were performed for 20 cumulative hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ting Lin
- Department of Physical Therapy, I-Shou University, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ching Hung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Ling Hung
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Shan Wu
- Department of Physical Therapy, I-Shou University, Taiwan
| | - Li-Jin Liaw
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Hao Chang
- Department of Physical Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taiwan
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Yin S, Liu L, Hou J. A multivariate statistical combination forecasting method for product quality evaluation. Inf Sci (N Y) 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ins.2016.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kamioka H, Tsutani K, Katsumata Y, Yoshizaki T, Okuizumi H, Okada S, Park SJ, Kitayuguchi J, Abe T, Mutoh Y. Effectiveness of Pilates exercise: A quality evaluation and summary of systematic reviews based on randomized controlled trials. Complement Ther Med 2016; 25:1-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2015.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Effectiveness and Cost-Effectiveness of Different Weekly Frequencies of Pilates for Chronic Low Back Pain: Randomized Controlled Trial. Phys Ther 2016; 96:382-9. [PMID: 26294680 DOI: 10.2522/ptj.20150404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Pilates method has been recommended to patients with low back pain, but the evidence on effectiveness is inconclusive. In addition, there is still no evidence for the cost-effectiveness of this method or for the ideal number of sessions to achieve the highest effectiveness. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study will be to investigate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the Pilates method with different weekly frequencies in the treatment of patients with nonspecific low back pain. DESIGN This is a randomized controlled trial with blinded assessor. SETTING This study will be conducted at a physical therapy clinic in São Paulo, Brazil. PARTICIPANTS Two hundred ninety-six patients with nonspecific low back pain between the ages of 18 and 80 years will be assessed and randomly allocated to 4 groups (n=74 patients per group). INTERVENTION All groups will receive an educational booklet. The booklet group will not receive additional exercises. Pilates group 1 will follow a Pilates-based program once a week, Pilates group 2 will follow the same program twice a week, and Pilates group 3 will follow the same program 3 times a week. The intervention will last 6 weeks. MEASUREMENTS A blinded assessor will evaluate pain, quality-adjusted life-years, general and specific disability, kinesiophobia, pain catastrophizing, and global perceived effect 6 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months after randomization. LIMITATIONS Therapists and patients will not be blinded. CONCLUSIONS This will be the first study to investigate different weekly frequencies of treatment sessions for nonspecific low back pain. The results of this study will contribute to a better definition of treatment programs for this population.
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Pilates Method for Women's Health: Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2015; 96:2231-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2015.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Chang WJ, O'Connell NE, Burns E, Chipchase LS, Liston MB, Schabrun SM. Organisation and function of the primary motor cortex in chronic pain: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2015; 5:e008540. [PMID: 26621512 PMCID: PMC4679840 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-008540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Primary motor cortical (M1) adaptation in the form of altered organisation and function is hypothesised to underpin motor dysfunction observed in chronic pain. The aim of this review is to assess the evidence for altered M1 organisation and function in chronic pain. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Systematic review and meta-analysis. We will search electronic databases with predetermined search terms to identify relevant studies and evaluate the studies for inclusion and risks of bias. Two independent reviewers will extract data. Any disagreement will be resolved through a third reviewer. Cross-sectional or prospective studies published in English before May 2015 that investigate M1 organisation and function in chronic pain will be included if they meet the eligibility criteria. Primary outcomes will include M1 cortical excitability, spatial cortical representation, the function of inhibitory and facilitatory intracortical networks, cortical reactivity and cortical glucose metabolism. Clinical measures such as pain and disability will be included where the correlation with the primary outcomes of M1 organisation and function were investigated in the included studies. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This systematic review does not require ethical approval. The results of this review will be submitted for peer-reviewed publication regardless of outcome and will be presented at relevant conferences. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Our systematic review protocol was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO; registration number CRD42015014823).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ju Chang
- University of Western Sydney, School of Science and Health, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Neil E O'Connell
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Health Economics Research Group, Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Emma Burns
- University of Western Sydney, School of Science and Health, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lucy S Chipchase
- University of Western Sydney, School of Science and Health, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Matthew B Liston
- University of Western Sydney, School of Science and Health, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Siobhan M Schabrun
- University of Western Sydney, School of Science and Health, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
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Cruz-Díaz D, Martínez-Amat A, Osuna-Pérez MC, De la Torre-Cruz MJ, Hita-Contreras F. Short- and long-term effects of a six-week clinical Pilates program in addition to physical therapy on postmenopausal women with chronic low back pain: a randomized controlled trial. Disabil Rehabil 2015; 38:1300-8. [DOI: 10.3109/09638288.2015.1090485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Silva GB, Morgan MM, Gomes de Carvalho WR, Silva E, de Freitas WZ, da Silva FF, de Souza RA. Electromyographic activity of rectus abdominis muscles during dynamic Pilates abdominal exercises. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2015; 19:629-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2014.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Bullo V, Bergamin M, Gobbo S, Sieverdes JC, Zaccaria M, Neunhaeuserer D, Ermolao A. The effects of Pilates exercise training on physical fitness and wellbeing in the elderly: A systematic review for future exercise prescription. Prev Med 2015; 75:1-11. [PMID: 25773473 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED This systematic review aims to summarize the effects of Pilates exercise training (PET) in elderly population on physical fitness, balance and fall prevention, and its effects on mood states, quality of life and independence in the daily living activities. METHODS Keyword "Pilates" associated with "elderly", "aging" and "old subjects" were identified as terms for the literature research in MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO and SPORTDiscus. Only studies published in peer-reviewed journals written in English language were considered. A meta-analysis was performed and effect sizes (ES) calculated. RESULTS 10 studies were identified (6 RCTs and 4 uncontrolled trials); age ranged from 60 to 80years. Overall, PET showed large ES to improve muscle strength (ES=1.23), walking and gait performances (ES=1.39), activities of daily living, mood states and quality of life (ES=0.94), moderate to high effect on dynamic balance (ES=0.77), small effects on static balance (ES=0.34) and flexibility (ES=0.31), while a small effect on cardio-metabolic outcomes (ES=0.07). CONCLUSIONS PET should be taken into account as a way to improve quality of life in the elderly, due to the imparted benefits of fall prevention, physical fitness, and mood states. In this context, physicians might include PET as a tool for exercise prescriptions for the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Bullo
- Sport and Exercise Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - M Bergamin
- Sport and Exercise Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
| | - S Gobbo
- Sport and Exercise Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - J C Sieverdes
- Technology Applications Center for Healthful Lifestyles, College of Nursing, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, United States of America
| | - M Zaccaria
- Sport and Exercise Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - D Neunhaeuserer
- Sport and Exercise Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - A Ermolao
- Sport and Exercise Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Patti A, Bianco A, Paoli A, Messina G, Montalto MA, Bellafiore M, Battaglia G, Iovane A, Palma A. Effects of Pilates exercise programs in people with chronic low back pain: a systematic review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e383. [PMID: 25634166 PMCID: PMC4602949 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000000383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The Pilates method has recently become a fast-growing popular way of exercise recommended for healthy individuals and those engaged in rehabilitation. Several published studies have examined the effects of Pilates method in people with chronic low back pain (LBP). The objective of this study is to describe and provide an extensive overview of the scientific literature comparing the effectiveness of the Pilates method on pain and disability in patients with chronic nonspecific LBP. The study is based on the data from the following sources: MEDLINE-NLM, MEDLINE-EBSCO, Scopus Elsevier, Cochrane, DOAJ, SciELO, and PLOSONE. Original articles and systematic reviews of adults with chronic nonspecific LBP that evaluated pain and/or disability were included in this study; studies in which the primary treatment was based on Pilates method exercises compared with no treatment, minimal intervention, other types of intervention, or other types of exercises. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) were adopted. The literature search included 7 electronic databases and the reference list of relevant systematic reviews and original articles to July 2014. Two independent investigators conducted the literature search and performed the synthesis as follows: Study Design; Sample (n); Disability measure; Intervention; and Main results. The searches identified a total of 128 articles. From these, 29 were considered eligible and were included in the analysis. The items were stratified as follows: Pilates method versus other kind of exercises (n = 6 trials) and Pilates method versus no treatment group or minimal intervention for short-term pain (n = 9 trials); the therapeutic effect of the Pilates method in randomized cohorts (n = 5); and analysis of reviews (n = 9). We found that there is a dearth of studies that clearly demonstrates the efficacy of a specific Pilates exercise program over another in the treatment of chronic pain. However, the consensus in the field suggests that Pilates method is more effective than minimal physical exercise intervention in reducing pain. These conclusions need to be supported by other proper investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Patti
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit (A Patti, AB, GM, MAM, MB, GB, AI, A Palma), University of Palermo; Posturalab (A Patti, GM), Italy; and Department of Biomedical Science (A Paoli), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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Novel continuous passive motion device for self-treatment of chronic lower back pain: a randomised controlled study. Physiotherapy 2014; 101:75-81. [PMID: 25280603 DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2014.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of a novel, angular, continuous passive motion device for self-treatment at home in patients with mild-to-moderate, non-specific, chronic low back pain (LBP). DESIGN Prospective, randomised, waiting-list-controlled (WLC) trial. SETTING Recruitment and assessment were conducted at the Koren Centre for Physical Therapy. Self-treatment was performed at home. PARTICIPANTS Thirty-six patients with a score ≤6 on the numeric rating scale (NRS) for pain were enrolled. Twenty-eight patients completed treatment. INTERVENTIONS Participants were randomised to receive the Kyrobak (Radiancy, Hod-hasharon, Israel) at enrolment [immediate treatment (IT) group] or 3 weeks later (WLC group). Self-treatment was prescribed for 10minutes, one to three times per day, for 3 weeks. The treatment period was followed by a 3-week follow-up period. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Primary outcome was self-reported pain level (NRS). RESULTS Three weeks of self-treatment with the Kyrobak reduced pain levels significantly in the IT group compared with the WLC group {mean [standard deviation (SD)] ΔNRS score from baseline to post-treatment: IT group, 1.4 (1.5), 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.5 to 2.3; WLC group, -0.1 (2.2), 95% CI -1.1 to 1.2; effect mean difference 1.5}. This benefit was maintained over the follow-up period [from baseline to end of follow-up, mean (SD) ΔNRS score 1.1 (1.8), 95% CI 0.4 to 1.8]. Multi-linear regression analysis found that higher baseline pain resulted in greater pain reduction (P=0.003). Eighty-three percent of participants with a baseline NRS score >4.35 (threshold determined by logistic regression, P=0.01) achieved the minimal important change criterion of ΔNRS score ≥2. Daily NRS score reduced gradually over the treatment period [regression slope -0.052 (0.01), 95% CI -0.07 to -0.03]. CONCLUSIONS Preliminary evidence suggests that the Kyrobak may be beneficial for short-term relief of non-specific, chronic LBP, particularly in participants with a moderate level of pain. A longer treatment period may lead to a further reduction in pain.
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Wells C, Kolt GS, Marshall P, Hill B, Bialocerkowski A. The effectiveness of Pilates exercise in people with chronic low back pain: a systematic review. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100402. [PMID: 24984069 PMCID: PMC4077575 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of Pilates exercise in people with chronic low back pain (CLBP) through a systematic review of randomised controlled trials (RCTs). DATA SOURCES A search for RCTs was undertaken using Medical Search Terms and synonyms for "Pilates" and "low back pain" within the maximal date range of 10 databases. Databases included the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature; Cochrane Library; Medline; Physiotherapy Evidence Database; ProQuest: Health and Medical Complete, Nursing and Allied Health Source, Dissertation and Theses; Scopus; Sport Discus; Web of Science. STUDY SELECTION Two independent reviewers were involved in the selection of evidence. To be included, relevant RCTs needed to be published in the English language. From 152 studies, 14 RCTs were included. DATA EXTRACTION Two independent reviewers appraised the methodological quality of RCTs using the McMaster Critical Review Form for Quantitative Studies. The author(s), year of publication, and details regarding participants, Pilates exercise, comparison treatments, and outcome measures, and findings, were then extracted. DATA SYNTHESIS The methodological quality of RCTs ranged from "poor" to "excellent". A meta-analysis of RCTs was not undertaken due to the heterogeneity of RCTs. Pilates exercise provided statistically significant improvements in pain and functional ability compared to usual care and physical activity between 4 and 15 weeks, but not at 24 weeks. There were no consistent statistically significant differences in improvements in pain and functional ability with Pilates exercise, massage therapy, or other forms of exercise at any time period. CONCLUSIONS Pilates exercise offers greater improvements in pain and functional ability compared to usual care and physical activity in the short term. Pilates exercise offers equivalent improvements to massage therapy and other forms of exercise. Future research should explore optimal Pilates exercise designs, and whether some people with CLBP may benefit from Pilates exercise more than others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherie Wells
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Bruce, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- School of Science and Health, University of Western Sydney, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gregory S. Kolt
- School of Science and Health, University of Western Sydney, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Paul Marshall
- School of Science and Health, University of Western Sydney, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bridget Hill
- Epworth HealthCare, Richmond, Victoria, Australia
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The definition and application of Pilates exercise to treat people with chronic low back pain: a Delphi survey of Australian physical therapists. Phys Ther 2014; 94:792-805. [PMID: 24179139 DOI: 10.2522/ptj.20130030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pilates exercise is recommended for people with chronic low back pain (CLBP). In the literature, however, Pilates exercise is described and applied differently to treat people with CLBP. These differences in the definition and application of Pilates exercise make it difficult to evaluate its effectiveness. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to establish consensus regarding the definition and application of Pilates exercise to treat people with CLBP. METHODS A panel of Australian physical therapists who are experienced in treating people with CLBP using Pilates exercise were surveyed using the Delphi technique. Three electronic questionnaires were used to collect the respondents' opinions. Answers to open-ended questions were analyzed thematically, combined with systematic literature review findings, and translated into statements about Pilates exercise for people with CLBP. Participants then rated their level of agreement with these statements using a 6-point Likert scale. Consensus was achieved when 70% of the panel members strongly agreed, agreed, or somewhat agreed (or strongly disagreed, disagreed, or somewhat disagreed) with an item. RESULTS Thirty physical therapists completed all 3 questionnaires and reached consensus on the majority of items. Participants agreed that Pilates exercise requires body awareness, breathing, movement control, posture, and education. It was recommended that people with CLBP should undertake supervised sessions for 30 to 60 minutes, twice per week, for 3 to 6 months. Participants also suggested that people with CLBP would benefit from individualized assessment and exercise prescription, supervision and functional integration of exercises, and use of specialized equipment. LIMITATIONS Item consensus does not guarantee the accuracy of findings. This survey reflects the opinion of only 30 physical therapists and requires validation in future trials. CONCLUSION These findings contribute to a better understanding of Pilates exercise and how it is utilized by physical therapists to treat people with CLBP. This information provides direction for future research into Pilates exercise, but findings need to be interpreted within the context of study limitations.
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Effectiveness of mat Pilates or equipment-based Pilates exercises in patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain: a randomized controlled trial. Phys Ther 2014; 94:623-31. [PMID: 24435105 DOI: 10.2522/ptj.20130277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Pilates method has been widely used to treat patients with chronic low back pain. Pilates exercises can be performed in 2 ways: by using specific equipment or without it (also known as mat Pilates). There are no studies, however, that have compared the effectiveness of mat Pilates with that of equipment-based Pilates. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of mat Pilates and equipment-based Pilates in patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain. DESIGN A 2-arm randomized controlled trial with a blinded assessor was conducted. SETTING The study was conducted at a private physical therapy clinic in Brazil. PATIENTS Eighty-six patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain participated. INTERVENTION The patients were randomly allocated to 1 of 2 groups: a mat Pilates group (n=43) and an equipment-based Pilates group (n=43). The participants in both groups attended 12 Pilates sessions over a period of 6 weeks. MEASUREMENTS The primary outcomes were pain intensity and disability. The secondary outcomes were global perceived effect, patient's specific disability, and kinesiophobia. A blinded assessor evaluated the outcomes at baseline and 6 weeks and 6 months after randomization. RESULTS After 6 months, there was a statistically significant difference for disability (mean difference=3.0 points, 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.6 to 5.4), specific disability (mean difference=-1.1 points, 95% CI=-2.0 to -0.1), and kinesiophobia (mean difference=4.9 points, 95% CI=1.6 to 8.2) in favor of equipment-based Pilates. No differences were found for the remaining outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Equipment-based Pilates was superior to mat Pilates in the 6-month follow-up for the outcomes of disability and kinesiophobia. These benefits were not observed for pain intensity and global perceived effect in patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain.
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Wells C, Kolt GS, Marshall P, Hill B, Bialocerkowski A. Effectiveness of Pilates exercise in treating people with chronic low back pain: a systematic review of systematic reviews. BMC Med Res Methodol 2013; 13:7. [PMID: 23331384 PMCID: PMC3563510 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2288-13-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systematic reviews provide clinical practice recommendations that are based on evaluation of primary evidence. When systematic reviews with the same aims have different conclusions, it is difficult to ascertain which review reported the most credible and robust findings. METHODS This study examined five systematic reviews that have investigated the effectiveness of Pilates exercise in people with chronic low back pain. A four-stage process was used to interpret findings of the reviews. This process included comparison of research questions, included primary studies, and the level and quality of evidence of systematic reviews. Two independent reviewers assessed the level of evidence and the methodological quality of systematic reviews, using the National Health and Medical Research Council hierarchy of evidence, and the Revised Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews respectively. Any disagreements were resolved by a third researcher. RESULTS A high level of consensus was achieved between the reviewers. Conflicting findings were reported by the five systematic reviews regarding the effectiveness of Pilates in reducing pain and disability in people with chronic low back pain. Authors of the systematic reviews included primary studies that did not match their questions in relation to treatment or population characteristics. A total of ten primary studies were identified across five systematic reviews. Only two of the primary studies were included in all of the reviews due to different inclusion criteria relating to publication date and status, definition of Pilates, and methodological quality. The level of evidence of reviews was low due to the methodological design of the primary studies. The methodological quality of reviews varied. Those which conducted a meta-analysis obtained higher scores. CONCLUSION There is inconclusive evidence that Pilates is effective in reducing pain and disability in people with chronic low back pain. This is due to the small number and poor methodological quality of primary studies. The Revised Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews provides a useful method of appraising the methodological quality of systematic reviews. Individual item scores, however, should be examined in addition to total scores, so that significant methodological flaws of systematic reviews are not missed, and results are interpreted appropriately. (348 words).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherie Wells
- School of Science and Health, University of Western Sydney, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Gregory S Kolt
- School of Science and Health, University of Western Sydney, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Paul Marshall
- School of Science and Health, University of Western Sydney, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Bridget Hill
- School of Science and Health, University of Western Sydney, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
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