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Hadjisavvas S, Efstathiou MA, Themistocleous IC, Daskalaki K, Malliou P, Lewis J, Stefanakis M. Can resistance training improve throwing performance in handball players? A Systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2024; 16:85. [PMID: 38627851 PMCID: PMC11020874 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-024-00872-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Throwing is one of the most important movement in handball. Throwing performance is crucial for success in handball. OBJECTIVE Τo investigate the level of evidence for the effect of resistance training (RT) on throwing performance in handball players. METHODS Systematic searches of Pubmed, Medline complete, Cinahl, Sport Discus and Scopus were undertaken for peer reviewed articles published between 18 March 1995 to 18 March 2023. Randomized, controlled, clinical studies, written in English, aiming to investigate the effect at least one modality of RT on throwing performance (velocity or/and accuracy) in handball players were considered for inclusion in the study. The eligible studies were assessed for methodological quality using the Physical Therapy Evidence Database (PEDRO) scale. The Best Evidence Synthesis (BES) approach was used for synthesizing and reporting the results. Furthermore, the random-effects model was used for the meta-analysis and the Q-statistic was used to test the null hypothesis that all studies in the analysis share a common effect size. RESULTS One hundred ninety-eight studies were identified, of which 30 were included. A total of 727 handball players (males = 388, females = 292) were included. 28 of the 30 studies were rated as high methodological quality studies (PEDRO score > 70%) while the rest of the studies were rated as moderate methodological quality studies (PEDRO score ≤ 60%). The mean effect size for the effectiveness of resistance training (RT) in improving jumping throw, running throw, and standing throw velocity were 1.128 (95% CI 0.457 - 1.798), 1.756 (95% CI 1.111 - 2.400), and 1.098 (95% CI 0.689 - 1.507) correspondingly. Traditional weight training using barbells in mostly compound lifts yielded the most significant and robust results. Other RT modalities such as elastic bands, medicine balls, core training and ballistic training showed no significant results or positive effects due to the limited number of the studies. CONCLUSION Strong evidence exists only for the effectiveness of RT using barbells in increasing throwing velocity. In contrast, the remaining RT modalities, while yielding positive results, have limited support due to limited number of studies and the high heterogeneity between studies. Furthermore, there is insufficient evidence to support various forms of RT in increasing throw distance. Finally, medicine ball training and elastic band training demonstrated no benefits in improving throwing accuracy. TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO ID: CRD42023393574.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Katerina Daskalaki
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Democritus University of Thrace, Komotini, Greece
| | - Paraskevi Malliou
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Democritus University of Thrace, Komotini, Greece
| | - Jeremy Lewis
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Therapy Department, Central London Community Healthcare National Health Service Trust, Finchley Memorial Hospital, London, N12 0JE, UK
- Professor of Musculoskeletal Research, School of Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Manos Stefanakis
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
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Gaamouri N, Hammami M, Cherni Y, Oranchuk DJ, van den Tillaar R, Chelly MS. Rubber Band Training Improves Athletic Performance in Young Female Handball Players. J Hum Kinet 2024; 92:227-238. [PMID: 38736592 PMCID: PMC11079920 DOI: 10.5114/jhk/175396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This study's objective was to investigate the impact of a 10-week in season contrast rubber band training program on athletic performance in young female handball players. Youth athletes (15.8 ± 0.2 years) were randomly assigned to an intervention (n = 16) or a control group (n = 14). The intervention group performed contrast rubber band training (20 sessions over two weeks), while the control group maintained regular in-season training. The modified T-test, squat jump, countermovement jump, standing long jump, repeated sprint ability, 1-RM bench press and half squat, along with upper and lower limb force-velocity tests were performed. The intervention group experienced significantly larger performance enhancements than the control group in the modified T-test [p < 0.001; d = 1.45%Δ (intervention = -7.1, control = -0.8)], vertical jump [p ≤ 0.009; d ≥ 0.72; %Δ (8.4 < intervention < 19.8, 4.1 < control < 12.2)], 1-RM strength [p ≤ 0.04, d ≥ 0.80; %Δ (37.1 < intervention < 39.7, 7.2 < control < 11.2)], all force-velocity scores for the upper limbs [p ≤ 0.009; d ≥ 0.72; %Δ (21 < intervention < 82, 0.1 < control < 11.6)], three of four force-velocity scores for the lower limb performance [p ≤ 0.02; d ≥ 0.64; %Δ (6.4 < intervention < 31.3, 0.8 < control < 11.1)] and all repeated sprint times [p < 0.001; d ≥ 1.15; %Δ (-3.4 < intervention < -3.1, -1.9 < control < -0.5)]. It was concluded that ten weeks of contrast rubber band training positively affected most motor abilities in youth female handball athletes. Therefore, coaches and practitioners should consider utilizing contrast rubber band strength training as a time and resource-efficient means of improving physical fitness of youth handball players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawel Gaamouri
- Research Laboratory (LR23JS01) Sport Performance, Health & Society, Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Saîd, University of Manouba, Tunis, Tunisia
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Said, University of Manouba, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mehrez Hammami
- Research Laboratory (LR23JS01) Sport Performance, Health & Society, Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Saîd, University of Manouba, Tunis, Tunisia
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Said, University of Manouba, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Yosser Cherni
- Research Laboratory (LR23JS01) Sport Performance, Health & Society, Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Saîd, University of Manouba, Tunis, Tunisia
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Said, University of Manouba, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Dustin J. Oranchuk
- Muscle Morphology, Mechanics and Performance Laboratory, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Mohamed Souhaiel Chelly
- Research Laboratory (LR23JS01) Sport Performance, Health & Society, Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Saîd, University of Manouba, Tunis, Tunisia
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Said, University of Manouba, Tunis, Tunisia
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Ruzga A, Gorra A. Penetrating Flank Injury in an Adolescent Due to Exercise Resistance Band Malfunction. Curr Sports Med Rep 2024; 23:72-75. [PMID: 38437491 DOI: 10.1249/jsr.0000000000001145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Ruzga
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of South Dakota Sanford Children's Hospital, Sioux Falls, SD
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Lau RY, Mukherjee S. Effectiveness of overuse injury prevention programs on upper extremity performance in overhead youth athletes: A systematic review. SPORTS MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2023.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
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Lin W, Wang W, Sun Y, You L, Li Y, Wu S, Liao L, Andersen LL, Wang Y. Shoulder vibratory exercises improves shoulder external rotation muscle strength and shoulder function: Randomized comparison trial. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil 2023; 36:1295-1305. [PMID: 37458007 DOI: 10.3233/bmr-220190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Based on electromyography measurements, shoulder vibratory exercises efficiently stimulate shoulder muscles activity. Yet very few studies have supported that shoulder vibratory exercises increased shoulder muscles strength and function, and the noninferiority compared with conventional elastic resistance exercises remains unknown. OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effect of vibratory exercises versus conventional elastic resistance exercises with elastic bands on shoulder external rotation muscles strength and functional performance in young adults. METHODS 26 young adults (7 males and 19 females, with age 23.89 ± 3.02) were recruited and randomly allocated to shoulder vibratory exercises with FLEXI-BAR (FLEXI-BAR group) or conventional resistance exercises with elastic band (TheraBand group) for 3 times/week, 4 weeks totally. Shoulder external rotator muscles strength test and Underkofler softball distance throw test (USDTT) were performed before and after the training period. RESULTS After 4 weeks training, shoulder external rotator muscles strength increased 22.25 ± 15.06 N (P= 0.004, effect size = 1.48) within FLEXI-BAR group and 22.81 ± 14.94 N (P= 0.007, effect size = 1.53) within TheraBand group. There were no statistically significant differences between groups in the three muscle strength tests (P> 0.65). Regarding shoulder function, FLEXI-BAR exercises increased the throw distance 0.81 ± 0.92 meters in USDTT (P= 0.041, effect size = 0.88) while TheraBand exercise did not (P= 0.284), yet there was no statistically significant between group effects (P= 0.608). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that shoulder vibratory exercises can improve shoulder muscles strength in young adults and can be a useful alternative to the conventional elastic resistance exercises to improve the shoulder muscles strength and function. This provides therapists with more options in terms of choosing training equipment for rehabilitation programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wujian Lin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Weiming Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yiping Sun
- Division of Neurobiology and Physiology, Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine in Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Longfei You
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yilin Li
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital of Capital Medical University and Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Shaoping Wu
- Division of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lingxiao Liao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nanfeng County People's Hospital, Fuzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | | | - Yuling Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Gaamouri N, Hammami M, Cherni Y, Oranchuk DJ, Bragazzi N, Knechtle B, Chelly MS, van den Tillaar R. The effects of upper and lower limb elastic band training on the change of direction, jump, power, strength and repeated sprint ability performance in adolescent female handball players. Front Sports Act Living 2023; 5:1021757. [PMID: 36909357 PMCID: PMC9992399 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2023.1021757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the effects of incorporating 10-week elastic band strength training (EBST) program on change of direction, jumping ability, repeated sprint ability, and both muscular strength and power in adolescent female handball players. Participants aged 15.8 ± 0.2 years were divided by playing position, and players from each position were then randomly assigned between the elastic strength (n = 17) and control (n = 17) groups. The experimental group performed periodized upper and lower-body elastic band strength training twice weekly for ten weeks by substitution of some of their regular physical and game preparation. The control group only performed regular handball training. Two-way analyses of variance (group × time) assessed change of direction (COD) via the modified t-agility test, squat jump, countermovement jump, standing long jump, repeated sprint ability (RSA), 1-RM bench press and half squat, and cycle ergometer force-velocity tests for both upper and lower limbs. Relative to the control group, the experimental group enhanced COD performance [p < 0.001; Cohen's effect size (d) = 1.00]; squat and countermovement jump (p = 0.002, d ≥ 0.83), best, mean, and total RSA scores (all p < 0.001, d = 0.92-1.66), 1-RM bench press (p = 0.02, d = 0.59) and half squat (p = 0.009, d = 0.67), all indices of upper limb force-velocity performance (p ≤ 0.025, d = 0.56-1.66), and 3 of 4 indices of lower limb force-velocity performance (p ≤ 0.004, d = 0.75-0.92). We conclude that additional elastic band training performed twice a week for ten weeks improves measures relevant to handball game performance in adolescent female athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawel Gaamouri
- Research Unit (UR17JS01) " Sport Performance, Health & Society", Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Saîd, University of "La Manouba", Tunis, Tunisia.,Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Said, University of "La Manouba", Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mehrez Hammami
- Research Unit (UR17JS01) " Sport Performance, Health & Society", Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Saîd, University of "La Manouba", Tunis, Tunisia.,Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Said, University of "La Manouba", Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Yosser Cherni
- Research Unit (UR17JS01) " Sport Performance, Health & Society", Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Saîd, University of "La Manouba", Tunis, Tunisia.,Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Said, University of "La Manouba", Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Dustin J Oranchuk
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nicola Bragazzi
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics York University Toronto, Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (LIAM), York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Beat Knechtle
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Medbase St. Gallen Am Vadianplatz, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Mohamed Souhaiel Chelly
- Research Unit (UR17JS01) " Sport Performance, Health & Society", Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Saîd, University of "La Manouba", Tunis, Tunisia.,Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Said, University of "La Manouba", Tunis, Tunisia
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García-Buendía G, Martínez-García D, Jerez-Mayorga D, Gómez-López M, Chirosa-Ríos IJ, Chirosa-Ríos LJ. Exploration of the Shoulder Internal Rotation's Influence on Throwing Velocity in Handball Players: A Pilot Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15923. [PMID: 36497997 PMCID: PMC9738301 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to test the relationship between shoulder internal rotation strength and standing throwing velocity. A repeated measures cross-sectional study was conducted with 20 professional handball players (mean ± SD; age: 19.28 ± 2.55 years, weight: 81.52 ± 9.66 kg, height: 185 ± 6 cm, BMI: 23.74 ± 1.69). The participants were instructed to perform eight standing throws from the 7 m line of the handball court at maximum velocity to calculate the mean and maximum throwing velocity. An incremental test was performed to calculate the repetition maximum (1-RM) of internal rotation shoulder strength. A Pearson's correlation analysis with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was performed to determine whether correlations existed between dominant arm internal rotation strength characteristics and maximum and mean ball-throwing velocity. There is no correlation between the internal rotation strength of the throwing shoulder and the velocity of the ball in the standing handball throw.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo García-Buendía
- Department Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Strength & Conditioning Laboratory, CTS-642 Research Group, Department Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Darío Martínez-García
- Department Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Strength & Conditioning Laboratory, CTS-642 Research Group, Department Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Daniel Jerez-Mayorga
- Department Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Strength & Conditioning Laboratory, CTS-642 Research Group, Department Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 7591538, Chile
| | - Manuel Gómez-López
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Murcia, Santiago de la Ribera, 30720 Murcia, Spain
| | - Ignacio Jesús Chirosa-Ríos
- Department Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Strength & Conditioning Laboratory, CTS-642 Research Group, Department Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Luis Javier Chirosa-Ríos
- Department Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Strength & Conditioning Laboratory, CTS-642 Research Group, Department Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
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Fernandez-Fernandez J, Moreno-Perez V, Cools A, Nakamura FY, Teixeira AS, Ellenbecker T, Johansson F, Sanz-Rivas D. The Effects of a Compensatory Training Program Adding an Isoinertial Device in the Shoulder Function on Young Tennis Players. J Strength Cond Res 2022; 37:1096-1103. [PMID: 36399152 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Fernandez-Fernandez, J, Moreno-Perez, V, Cools, A, Nakamura, FY, Teixeira, AS, Ellenbecker, T, Johansson, F, and Sanz-Rivas, D. The effects of a compensatory training program adding an isoinertial device in the shoulder function on young tennis players. J Strength Cond Res 37(5): 1096-1103, 2023-The aim of this study was to analyze whether a compensatory training program, including isoinertial flywheel training, could reduce shoulder imbalances in a group of asymptomatic young tennis players. After an initial evaluation, 26 young tennis players were assigned to either a supervised flywheel training group (FTG, n = 13) or a control group (CG, n = 13). Shoulder passive internal (IR) and external rotation (ER) range of motion (ROM) as well as shoulder IR and ER maximal isometric strength were measured before and after a 12-week training intervention, performed 3 times per week. After the intervention, results showed significant changes for IR ( p < 0.001, effect size [ES] = 1.83) and ER ( p < 0.001, ES = 1.77) on the dominant (D) side, and IR on the nondominant (ND) side ( p < 0.001, ES = 2.24) in the FTG compared with the CG. Regarding the ROM values, results showed that the FTG achieved significantly greater increases for the IR ROM ( p < 0.001, ES = 3.32) and total ROM (TROM) ( p = 0.004, ES = 1.39) on the D and ND sides (IR ROM: p = 0.002, ES = 1.53; TROM: p < 0.001, ES = 2.35) than the CG. Moreover, the CG displayed larger decrements in ER ROM ( p = 0.016, ES = 1.12) on the ND side after the training period than the FTG. The conducted compensatory training program was effective to increase the ER strength and IR mobility of the FTG players, which led to a reduction in the glenohumeral imbalances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Fernandez-Fernandez
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad de León, León, Spain
- AMRED, Human Movement and Sports Performance Analysis, Universidad de León, León, Spain
- Tennis Research and Performance Group, Sophiahemmet University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Victor Moreno-Perez
- Department of Pathology and Surgery, Physiotheraphy Area, Miguel Hernandez University of San Joan d´Alacant, Alicante, Spain
| | - Ann Cools
- Tennis Research and Performance Group, Sophiahemmet University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Fábio Yuzo Nakamura
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), University of Maia (ISMAI), Maia, Portugal
| | - Anderson Santiago Teixeira
- Physical Effort Laboratory, Sports Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
- Research Group for Development of Football and Futsal, Sports Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Todd Ellenbecker
- Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) & Rehab Plus Sports Therapy Scottsdale, Scottsdale, Arizona
| | - Fredrik Johansson
- Tennis Research and Performance Group, Sophiahemmet University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Musculoskeletal and Sports Injury Epidemiology Center, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; and
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Rentz C, Legerlotz K. Handball-specific loading acutely reduces the acromiohumeral distance in experienced handball players and in non-handball experienced athletes. Front Sports Act Living 2022; 4:997401. [PMID: 36187715 PMCID: PMC9524289 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2022.997401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Context When playing handball, the preservation of the subacromial space, which can be quantified by the acromiohumeral distance (AHD), plays a crucial role for shoulder health of handball players. Acute effects of handball-specific loading on the subacromial space with consideration of individual adaptions resulting from long-term handball-specific loading experience have yet to be determined in order to prevent injuries such as e. g. an impingement of the supraspinatus tendon. Objective To (1) assess the acute effects of handball-specific loading on the AHD in healthy experienced handball players (HB) and non-handball experienced athletes (CG) and (2) to assess the AHD behavior in relation to individual intrinsic factors to identify possible risk factors and the effect of handball-specific experience associated adaptations. Participants 20 HB (10m; 10f) and 20 CG (10m; 10f); 24 ± 5 years. Intervention Handball-specific loading protocol. Main outcome measures The AHD was measured by ultrasonography at 0° and 60° abduction pre and post intervention. Isometric shoulder strength was measured with hand-held dynamometry. Shoulder range of motion (ROM) was measured with goniometry. Results Handball-specific loading led to significantly reduced AHD in the dominant shoulder in the 60° abducted position in both groups (HB: −1.7 ± 2.0 mm; p = 0.001, d = 0.69; CG: −1.1 ± 2.0 mm; p = 0.024, d = 0.37) and in the non-dominant shoulder in 0° (−0.7 ± 1.5 mm; p = 0.038, d = 0.35) and 60° abducted position (−1.3 ± 1.8 mm; p = 0.004, d = 0.69) in HB only. Handball-specific loading enhanced AHD reduction when elevating the shoulder from 0° to 60° in both groups and arms. Larger shoulder abduction strength affected the maintenance of the AHD positively. HB demonstrated less shoulder strength compared to CG, while ROM did not differ. Conclusions Handball-specific loading can affect the ability to preserve the subacromial space which might put handball players at risk for shoulder injuries. Poor shoulder strength can aggravate this mechanism. Therefore, implementation of strengthening exercises of the external rotator and abductor muscles in the training schedule may improve shoulder health of handball players.
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The Importance of Posture And Body Composition for the Stability and Selected Motor Abilities of Professional Handball Players. J Hum Kinet 2022; 82:264-273. [PMID: 36196344 PMCID: PMC9465722 DOI: 10.2478/hukin-2022-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the research was to analyze body composition, body posture and postural stability of professional male handball players and to determine the differences between players with correct and incorrect body posture, considering power of the lower limbs and agility, speed, and change of direction deficit. The study comprised 16 professional handball players. Body composition analysis was performed using the method of electrical bioimpedance. Body posture was examined using the Diers formetric III 4D optoelectronic method. Postural stability was tested via the Biodex Balance System. Players performed the following fitness tests assessing lower limb muscle power (LP, HS, CMJ), linear speed (SLS 20 m), and COD speed (Zig-Zag test, COD deficit). Only 31.25% of players demonstrated body posture with correct physiological curvatures, while 68.75% showed changes in body asymmetry. The group with correct body posture performed better in SLS 20m than the group with incorrect posture, yet in the Zig-Zag agility test, the difference in the results was not significant and this affected the COD deficit, which was higher. The vast majority of participants demonstrated postural defects and incorrect physiological curvatures of the spine. The occurrence of scoliotic posture was also observed. The body deflection angles indicated that athletes’ postural stability was good. However, it is worth noting that the majority demonstrated a tendency towards asymmetrical body deflections to the right or to the left, backwards direction. One-sided sports specialization leads to disturbances in the statics of the body, therefore, it becomes necessary to include postural re-education exercises in training.
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Achenbach L, Huppertz G, Zeman F, Weber J, Luig P, Rudert M, Krutsch W. Multicomponent stretching and rubber band strengthening exercises do not reduce overuse shoulder injuries: a cluster randomised controlled trial with 579 handball athletes. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2022; 8:e001270. [PMID: 35342642 PMCID: PMC8919472 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2021-001270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Handball is associated with a high risk of overuse shoulder injury. This study investigated if an injury prevention programme effectively reduces overuse injury to the throwing shoulder of handball athletes. Methods 61 men’s and women’s handball teams (u-19 and senior athletes) were cluster-randomised into an intervention and a control group in the 2019–2020 season. Players of the intervention group regularly carried out an injury prevention programme. Both groups documented overuse shoulder injuries via an online questionnaire every second week. The primary endpoint was the prevalence of overuse injury to the throwing shoulder. Secondary endpoints were the influence of compliance on the primary endpoint and intensity of overuse shoulder symptoms measured by a shortened, handball-specific Western Ontario Shoulder Index (WOSI). Results 31 teams (295 players) in the intervention group and 30 teams (284 players) in the control group were included for analyses. The overall questionnaire response rate was 61%. The average prevalence of overuse shoulder injury did not significantly differ between the intervention group (n=109, 38.4% (95% CI 32.9% to 44.2%)) and the control group (n=106, 35.9% (95% CI 30.7% to 41.6%), p=0.542). Compliance with the intervention programme did not significantly affect overuse shoulder injury (p=0.893). Using generalised estimating equations for WOSI, the estimated mean for the intervention group was 44.6 points (95% CI 42.0 to 47.1) and 47.6 points for the control group (95% CI 44.9 to 50.3, p=0.111). Conclusions A multicomponent exercise programme using rubber bands and stretching did not significantly reduce the prevalence or symptoms of overuse throwing shoulder injury in handball athletes of both sexes. Randomised controlled study; level of evidence I. Trial registration number ISRCTN99023492.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Achenbach
- Department of Orthopedics, König-Ludwig-Haus, Julius Maximilians University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gunnar Huppertz
- Center for Clinical Studies, University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Florian Zeman
- Center for Clinical Studies, University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Weber
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Maximilian Rudert
- Department of Orthopedics, König-Ludwig-Haus, Julius Maximilians University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Werner Krutsch
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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12
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Maroto-Izquierdo S, McBride JM, Gonzalez-Diez N, García-López D, González-Gallego J, de Paz JA. Comparison of Flywheel and Pneumatic Training on Hypertrophy, Strength, and Power in Professional Handball Players. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2022; 93:1-15. [PMID: 32669052 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2020.1762836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: The mechanical properties of resistance-training machines are a variable that may help to optimize sports performance and injury prevention protocols. The purpose of this study was to examine two non-gravity-dependent training modalities on muscle structure and function. Methods: Eighteen professional handball players were randomly divided into two experimental groups: 1) iso-inertial flywheel training (FW) and 2) pneumatic resistance training (PN). Participants in both groups completed twelve training sessions in six weeks consisting of three movements (lateral raise, internal and external rotation). Four sets of seven repetitions for each movement were performed during each session. Before and after training subscapularis and deltoid (anterior, middle, posterior) muscle thickness was measured. Isokinetic torque and power during internal and external rotation at 60, 180, and 240 deg·s-1 was measured as well. Throwing speed was assessed before and after training while both sitting and standing situations. Results: Both groups showed similar significant increases in throwing speed and internal and external rotation peak torque, average and peak power at all angular velocities. Anterior and middle deltoid muscle thickness changes were greater after training in FW (20 and 22%) in comparison to PN (14 and 7%, respectively). Conclusions: In summary, both flywheel and pneumatic training resulted in similar increases in shoulder strength and power and throwing speed. However, flywheel training appeared to possibly result in a slightly greater level of muscle hypertrophy of the anterior and middle deltoid. Non-gravity dependent training appears to induce changes that would be beneficial to sports performance and perhaps injury prevention.
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13
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YILDIRIM K, BEYCAN U, BEYZADEOĞLU T. Adölesan Voleybol Oyuncularında Core Stabilizasyon Egzersizlerinin Smaç Hızına Etkisi. İSTANBUL GELIŞIM ÜNIVERSITESI SAĞLIK BILIMLERI DERGISI 2021. [DOI: 10.38079/igusabder.979752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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14
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Bauer J, Schwiertz G, Muehlbauer T. Effects of an Elastic Resistance Band Intervention in Adolescent Handball Players. Sports Med Int Open 2021; 5:E65-E72. [PMID: 34458564 PMCID: PMC8387127 DOI: 10.1055/a-1541-2916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective was to investigate the effects of a 9-week elastic resistance band training within the regular handball training sessions compared to regular handball training only. Participants were randomly assigned to an intervention (INT: n=16; age: 17.0 ± 0.7 years) or a control (CON: n=16; age: 16.9 ± 0.9 years) group. The INT-group performed elastic resistance band exercises (3/week) for 20–30 minutes while the CON-group conducted regular handball training only. Pre- and post-training assessments included measures of strength endurance (Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test [CKCUEST]), maximal isometric strength (MIS), and throwing velocity. Significant main effects of Test (i.e. pre- to post-training enhancements) were detected for the CKCUEST (p < 0.001, 0.54 ≤ η
p2
≤ 0.57) and throwing velocity (p = 0.001, η
p2
= 0.34). We found a significant (throwing velocity: p = 0.004, η
p2
= 0.25) and a tendency toward (MIS of the internal rotators, non-throwing arm: p = 0.068, η
p2
= 0.12) a significant Test × Group interaction, both in favour of the INT-group. A 9-week strengthening program using elastic resistance bands combined with regular handball training is effective to improve upper extremity strength endurance, throwing velocity, and MIS of the internal rotators of the non-throwing arm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Bauer
- Division of Movement and Training Sciences, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Gerrit Schwiertz
- Division of Movement and Training Sciences, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas Muehlbauer
- Division of Movement and Training Sciences, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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15
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No Added Benefit of 8 Weeks of Shoulder External Rotation Strength Training for Youth Handball Players Over Usual Handball Training Alone: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2021; 51:174-187. [PMID: 33789429 DOI: 10.2519/jospt.2021.9957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effectiveness of a short (5-10 minutes) shoulder external rotation (ER) strength program, using elastic bands, in adolescent handball players. DESIGN Randomized controlled trial. METHODS The sample included 6 adolescent handball teams (3 female, 3 male) with a total of 92 players and a mean age of 16.6 years. Players were randomized within teams to an intervention group, which completed a shoulder ER strengthening program of 2 exercises performed 3 times per week after handball training for 8 weeks, or a control group of no treatment. The primary outcome was the between-group difference in shoulder ER strength change, measured as isometric strength using a handheld dynamometer from preintervention to postintervention (8 weeks). Secondary outcomes were between-group differences in internal rotation (IR) strength and the ER/IR strength ratio from preintervention to postintervention. RESULTS The estimated between-group difference in dominant-shoulder ER strength was 0.06 N/kg (95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.01, 0.14) in favor of the intervention group. The estimated between-group differences in the ER/IR ratio and IR strength were 0.03 (95% CI: -0.02, 0.08) and 0.02 (95% CI: -0.08, 0.13), respectively. CONCLUSION The ER strength program improved neither the ER strength nor the ER:IR ratio. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2021;51(4):174-187. doi:10.2519/jospt.2021.9957.
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16
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Fredriksen H, Cools A, Bahr R, Myklebust G. Does an effective shoulder injury prevention program affect risk factors in handball? A randomized controlled study. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2020; 30:1423-1433. [PMID: 32293738 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shoulder problems are common in handball, but injury risk reduction is possible by implementing a prevention program. However, player compliance to the program remains a challenge, with feedback from players that the program is too time consuming. AIM To develop a more efficient program, we aimed to assess the effect of the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center shoulder injury prevention program on external rotation (ER) strength and internal rotation (IR) range of motion (ROM), considered to represent key risk factors for injury. METHODS Four youth handball teams (three females, one males, 57 players, mean age 17.1 years) were randomized to an intervention or control group. The intervention program was conducted three times per week as a part of handball warm-up for 18 weeks, supervised by physical therapists. The main outcome variables were the between-group differences in ER strength and IR ROM change from baseline to postintervention. Isometric ER strength was measured with a handheld dynamometer and IR ROM with a digital goniometer. RESULTS Mean dominant shoulder isometric ER strength increased both in the intervention (10%) and the control group (6%) during the intervention, but there was no significant group by time interaction (group difference: 0.06 N/kg (95% CI: -0.04 to 0.17). IR ROM did not change in either group during the intervention. CONCLUSION The Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center shoulder injury prevention program did not affect the risk factors ER strength and IR ROM. The preventive effect of the program must therefore be due to other factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilde Fredriksen
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Sports Medicine Department, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ann Cools
- Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Roald Bahr
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Sports Medicine Department, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Grethe Myklebust
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Sports Medicine Department, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
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17
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Andrade MS, Junqueira MS, Andre Barbosa De Lira C, Vancini RL, Seffrin A, Nikolaidis PT, Rosemann T, Knechtle B. Age-related differences in torque in angle-specific and peak torque hamstring to quadriceps ratios in female soccer players from 11 to 18 years old: Α Cross-sectional study. Res Sports Med 2020; 29:77-89. [PMID: 32200660 DOI: 10.1080/15438627.2020.1742713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the hamstring (H) and quadriceps (Q) strength, bilateral difference and balance ratios in female soccer players. Ninety-three athletes from three age groups: under 13 (U13), 15 (U15) and 18 (U18) participated in the study performing isokinetic tests to measure peak torque, total work, average power and torque at 30º of thigh muscles. Conventional strength balance ratios, angle-specific balance ratio and bilateral strength difference were evaluated. There was bilateral strength difference for extensor muscles total work (p = 0.02) in U13 and flexor muscles peak torque (p = 0.02) in U15. All variables were superior in U15 than U13 (p <.05). There was no strength difference between U15 and U18. Balance ratios did not differ between sides or age groups. The study showed that although peak torque values were higher in U15 than in U13, balance ratios were similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilia S Andrade
- Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo , São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marina S Junqueira
- Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo , São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudio Andre Barbosa De Lira
- Laboratório de Avaliação do Movimen to Humano, Faculdade de Educação Física E Dança, Setor de Fisiologia Humana e do Exercício, Universidade Federal de Goiás , Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo L Vancini
- Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, Departamento de Desportos, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo , Vitória, Brazil
| | - Aldo Seffrin
- Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo , São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Thomas Rosemann
- Institute of Primary Care, University Hospital Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Beat Knechtle
- Institute of Primary Care, University Hospital Zurich , Switzerland.,Medbase St. Gallen Am Vadianplatz , St. Gallen, Switzerland
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18
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General versus sports-specific injury prevention programs in athletes: A systematic review on the effects on performance. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221346. [PMID: 31465458 PMCID: PMC6715272 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Injury prevention programs (IPPs) are an inherent part of training in recreational and professional sports. Providing performance-enhancing benefits in addition to injury prevention may help adjust coaches and athletes’ attitudes towards implementation of injury prevention into daily routine. Conventional thinking by players and coaches alike seems to suggest that IPPs need to be specific to one’s sport to allow for performance enhancement. The systematic literature review aims to firstly determine the IPPs nature of exercises and whether they are specific to the sport or based on general conditioning. Secondly, can they demonstrate whether general, sports-specific or even mixed IPPs improve key performance indicators with the aim to better facilitate long-term implementation of these programs? Methods PubMed and Web of Science were electronically searched throughout March 2018. The inclusion criteria were randomized control trials, publication dates between Jan 2006 and Feb 2018, athletes (11–45 years), injury prevention programs and included predefined performance measures that could be categorized into balance, power, strength, speed/agility and endurance. The methodological quality of included articles was assessed with the Cochrane Collaboration assessment tools. Results Of 6619 initial findings, 22 studies met the inclusion criteria. In addition, reference lists unearthed a further 6 studies, making a total of 28. Nine studies used sports specific IPPs, eleven general and eight mixed prevention strategies. Overall, general programs ranged from 29–57% in their effectiveness across performance outcomes. Mixed IPPs improved in 80% balance outcomes but only 20–44% in others. Sports-specific programs led to larger scale improvements in balance (66%), power (83%), strength (75%), and speed/agility (62%). Conclusion Sports-specific IPPs have the strongest influence on most performance indices based on the significant improvement versus control groups. Other factors such as intensity, technical execution and compliance should be accounted for in future investigations in addition to exercise modality.
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19
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Andersen V, Fimland MS, Cumming KT, Vraalsen Ø, Saeterbakken AH. Explosive Resistance Training Using Elastic Bands in Young Female Team Handball Players. Sports Med Int Open 2018; 2:E171-E178. [PMID: 30539135 PMCID: PMC6280676 DOI: 10.1055/a-0755-7398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to examine the effects of full-body elastic resistance band training in young female team handball players. 12 players (16.5±0.7 years, 166±5.0 cm, 65.9±8.8 kg) completed an 11-week control period followed by a 9-week elastic resistance band training period. The training program, consisting of 6 exercises, was incorporated into the teams’ regular handball training sessions 3 times per week. Each exercise was performed with 3 sets of 6–10 explosive repetitions (5–9 on the Borg CR10 Scale®). The maximal power output in squat and bench press, jump height, throwing velocity and repeated agility run was tested before and after the control and training periods. The elastic resistance band period had greater improvement vs. the control period for countermovement jump with or without arm swing (10% vs. –6 to –2%) and power output at lighter loads (10 to 12% vs. –6 to 0%). For the 3 throwing velocity tests, there were tendencies towards increased velocity in the elastic resistance band period compared to the control period (
p
=0.07–0.10). For the repeated agility run, there was a reduction in the mean and fastest time compared to the training period (2 to 3% vs. –1 to 1%). In conclusion, a brief, elastic resistance band training program, incorporated into the regular handball training sessions, improved explosive lower-limb performance in young female handball players more than handball training alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidar Andersen
- Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Norway
| | - Marius Steiro Fimland
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Øyvind Vraalsen
- Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Norway
| | - Atle Hole Saeterbakken
- Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Norway
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20
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Motta C, de Lira CAB, Vargas VZ, Vancini RL, Andrade MS. Profiling the Isokinetic Muscle Strength of Athletes Involved in Sports Characterized by Constantly Varied Functional Movements Performed at High Intensity: A Cross-Sectional Study. PM R 2018; 11:354-362. [PMID: 30145343 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2018.08.380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Constantly varied functional movements performed at high intensity (FMHI) is a type of strength and general conditioning program that has gained widespread popularity in recent years. The very intense exercises performed with lower and upper limbs may create muscular asymmetry or imbalance between agonist and antagonist muscles, and therefore the characterization of isokinetic muscle strength, side-to-side difference, and balance ratios for lower and upper limbs may contribute to a better understanding of the modality characteristics. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the knee and shoulder strength of FMHI athletes of both sexes. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Exercise physiology laboratory. PARTICIPANTS Sixty FMHI athletes (30 M/30 W) with more than 2 years' experience. METHODS Athletes performed isokinetic tests in both lower and upper limbs: concentrically at 60°/s and 240°/s and eccentrically at 240°/s. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS Isokinetic peak torque of knee flexor and extensor and shoulder internal and external rotator muscles. Conventional and functional strength balance ratios and side-to-side strength difference. RESULTS Concentric peak torque values relative to total body mass for shoulder and knee joints were higher in men than women on both sides. Eccentric peak torque values for knee flexor-dominant and extensor-nondominant limbs showed no difference between the sexes. The knee conventional strength balance ratio for dominant and nondominant sides in women (51.5% ± 7.0% and 51.0% ± 7.1%, respectively) and for dominant and nondominant sides in men (54.4% ± 15.2% and 51.5% ± 9.9%, respectively) were no different between the sexes or limbs. The shoulder conventional strength balance ratio was higher in women (78.1 ± 13.2%) than in men (67.6% ± 10.9%) on the nondominant side. Knee and shoulder functional strength balance ratios in nondominant limbs were higher for women than men. Both sexes presented no side-to-side difference for knee joints or muscles, or for shoulder IR muscles, but ER was stronger in dominant limbs. CONCLUSIONS These data from highly trained FMHI athletes can be compared to that of other athletes to help determine individual weaknesses, strengths, and imbalances, and may be useful for designing training programs. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Motta
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudio A B de Lira
- Setor de Fisiologia Humana e do Exercício, Laboratório de Avaliação do Movimento Humano, Faculdade de Educação Física e Dança, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Avenida Esperança s/n, Campus Samambaia, 74690-900, Goiânia (GO), Brazil
| | - Valentine Z Vargas
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo L Vancini
- Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória (ES), Brazil
| | - Marilia S Andrade
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
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21
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Kim MK, Lee JC, Yoo KT. The effects of shoulder stabilization exercises and pectoralis minor stretching on balance and maximal shoulder muscle strength of healthy young adults with round shoulder posture. J Phys Ther Sci 2018; 30:373-380. [PMID: 29581654 PMCID: PMC5857441 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.30.373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of pectoralis minor stretching and shoulder strengthening with an elastic band on balance and maximal shoulder muscle strength in young adults with rounded shoulder posture. [Subjects and Methods] Nineteen subjects with rounded shoulder posture were randomly divided into 2 groups: a shoulder stabilization exercise group and a stretching exercise group. The groups performed each exercise for 40 minutes, 3 times a week, for 4 weeks. Static balance (eyes open and closed), dynamic balance (the limits of stability in 4 directions) and shoulder muscle strength in 5 directions were measure before and after the exercises. [Results] The stretching exercise demonstrated a significant difference between the pre- and post-exercise in the static balance with eyes closed and extension and horizontal abduction strength while the stabilization exercise demonstrated significant difference in the left and right directions between the pre- and post-exercise of the dynamic balance and flexion strength. The stabilization exercise demonstrated significant differences shown in the flexion between the pre- and post-test. [Conclusion] The shoulder stabilization and stretching exercises improved the static balance, dynamic balance, and muscle strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Kyoung Kim
- Department of Physical Therapy, Namseoul University: Daehak-ro, Seonghwan-eup, Seobuk-gu, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do 31020, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Chul Lee
- Department of Hotel Management, Namseoul University, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Tae Yoo
- Department of Physical Therapy, Namseoul University: Daehak-ro, Seonghwan-eup, Seobuk-gu, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do 31020, Republic of Korea
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