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Wu J, Liu J. Review of the Capacity to Accurately Detect the Temperature of Human Skin Tissue Using the Microwave Radiation Method. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:221. [PMID: 38785695 PMCID: PMC11117873 DOI: 10.3390/bios14050221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Microwave radiometry (MWR) is instrumental in detecting thermal variations in skin tissue before anatomical changes occur, proving particularly beneficial in the early diagnosis of cancer and inflammation. This study concisely traces the evolution of microwave radiometers within the medical sector. By analyzing a plethora of pertinent studies and contrasting their strengths, weaknesses, and performance metrics, this research identifies the primary factors limiting temperature measurement accuracy. The review establishes the critical technologies necessary to overcome these limitations, examines the current state and prospective advancements of each technology, and proposes comprehensive implementation strategies. The discussion elucidates that the precise measurement of human surface and subcutaneous tissue temperatures using an MWR system is a complex challenge, necessitating an integration of antenna directionality for temperature measurement, radiometer error correction, hardware configuration, and the calibration and precision of a multilayer tissue forward and inversion method. This study delves into the pivotal technologies for non-invasive human tissue temperature monitoring in the microwave frequency range, offering an effective approach for the precise assessment of human epidermal and subcutaneous temperatures, and develops a non-contact microwave protocol for gauging subcutaneous tissue temperature distribution. It is anticipated that mass-produced measurement systems will deliver substantial economic and societal benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingtao Wu
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China;
| | - Jie Liu
- The Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
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Tarakanov AV, Tarakanov AA, Skorodumova EG, Roberts N, Kobayshi T, Vesnin SG, Zelman V, Goryanin I. Age-Related Changes in the Temperature of the Lumbar Spine Measured by Passive Microwave Radiometry (MWR). Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:3294. [PMID: 37958191 PMCID: PMC10647231 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13213294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A study was conducted to determine the age dependence of the temperature of the low back in the region of the five lumbar vertebrae by using passive microwave radiometry (MWR). The rationale for the study is that the infrared brightness on which the temperature measurement is based will be dependent upon blood circulation and thus on metabolic, vascular, and other regulatory factors. The brightness and infrared temperatures were determined in five zones above each of the medial, left, and right lateral projections of the vertebrae. A total of 115 healthy subjects were recruited, aged between 18 and 84 years. No significant differences in infrared temperature were detected. As predicted, brightness temperature increased until 25 years old and then gradually decreased. In subjects over 70 years of age, compared with those aged 60-70 years, there is a significant increase in brightness temperature at the level of 3-5 lumbar vertebrae by 0.3-0.7 °C. This is interpreted as indicating that individuals who have lived to an advanced age successfully maintain metabolic and regenerative processes. The benchmark data that has been obtained can be usefully employed in future studies of the aetiology of low back pain. In particular, the prospect exists for the technology to be used to provide a non-invasive biomarker to evaluate the effectiveness of antiaging therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V. Tarakanov
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Rostov State Medical University, 344022 Rostov-on-Don, Russia; (A.V.T.); (A.A.T.)
| | - Alexander A. Tarakanov
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Rostov State Medical University, 344022 Rostov-on-Don, Russia; (A.V.T.); (A.A.T.)
| | | | - Neil Roberts
- The Queen’s Medical Research Institute (QMRI), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, UK;
| | | | | | - Vladimir Zelman
- Keck School of Medicine, University of South California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA;
| | - Igor Goryanin
- Biological Systems Unit, Okinawa Institute Science and Technology, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
- School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, UK
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Laskari K, Siores E, Tektonidou MM, Sfikakis PP. Microwave Radiometry for the Diagnosis and Monitoring of Inflammatory Arthritis. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13040609. [PMID: 36832097 PMCID: PMC9955117 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13040609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of microwave radiometry (MWR) to detect with high accuracy in-depth temperature changes in human tissues is under investigation in various medical fields. The need for non-invasive, easily accessible imaging biomarkers for the diagnosis and monitoring of inflammatory arthritis provides the background for this application in order to detect the local temperature increase due to the inflammatory process by placing the appropriate MWR sensor on the skin over the joint. Indeed, a number of studies reviewed herein have reported interesting results, suggesting that MWR is useful for the differential diagnosis of arthritis as well as for the assessment of clinical and subclinical inflammation at the individual large or small joint level and the patient level. MWR showed higher agreement with musculoskeletal ultrasound, used as a reference, than with clinical examination in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), while it also appeared useful for the assessment of back pain and sacroiliitis. Further studies with a larger number of patients are warranted to confirm these findings, taking into account the current limitations of the available MWR devices. This may lead to the production of easily accessible and inexpensive MWR devices that will provide a powerful impetus for personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Laskari
- Rheumatology Unit, 1st Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Joint Academic Rheumatology Program, University of Athens, Medical School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, 75 Mikras Asias Street, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: (K.L.); Tel.: +30-213-2061061; Fax: +30-210-7791839
| | - Elias Siores
- University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece
- Institute of Materials Research and Innovation, University of Bolton, Bolton BL3 5AB, UK
| | - Maria M. Tektonidou
- Rheumatology Unit, 1st Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Joint Academic Rheumatology Program, University of Athens, Medical School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, 75 Mikras Asias Street, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Petros P. Sfikakis
- Rheumatology Unit, 1st Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Joint Academic Rheumatology Program, University of Athens, Medical School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, 75 Mikras Asias Street, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece
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Microminiaturization of Multichannel Multifrequency Radiographs. BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2022; 56:225-229. [PMID: 36311439 PMCID: PMC9596336 DOI: 10.1007/s10527-022-10207-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Due to the COVID-19 epidemic, the challenge of introducing methods for investigating patients reducing or eliminating the probability of infection of medical staff is currently relevant. This article provides an analytical review of new technological approaches to organizing the work of medical personnel in carrying out auscultation of patients with COVID-19. The development and approval of such technologies is shown to have started around the world. The ubiquitous and large-scale introduction of these methods into medical practice therefore seems expedient.
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Dynamic Weight Agnostic Neural Networks and Medical Microwave Radiometry (MWR) for Breast Cancer Diagnostics. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12092037. [PMID: 36140439 PMCID: PMC9497764 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12092037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective: Medical microwave radiometry (MWR) is used to capture the thermal properties of internal tissues and has usages in breast cancer detection. Our goal in this paper is to improve classification performance and investigate automated neural architecture search methods. Methods: We investigated extending the weight agnostic neural network by optimizing the weights using the bi-population covariance matrix adaptation evolution strategy (BIPOP-CMA-ES) once the topology was found. We evaluated and compared the model based on the F1 score, accuracy, precision, recall, and the number of connections. Results: The experiments were conducted on a dataset of 4912 patients, classified as low or high risk for breast cancer. The weight agnostic BIPOP-CMA-ES model achieved the best average performance. It obtained an F1-score of 0.933, accuracy of 0.932, precision of 0.929, recall of 0.942, and 163 connections. Conclusions: The results of the model are an indication of the promising potential of MWR utilizing a neural network-based diagnostic tool for cancer detection. By separating the tasks of topology search and weight training, we can improve the overall performance.
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Shevelev O, Petrova M, Smolensky A, Osmonov B, Toimatov S, Kharybina T, Karbainov S, Ovchinnikov L, Vesnin S, Tarakanov A, Goryanin I. Using medical microwave radiometry for brain temperature measurements. Drug Discov Today 2021; 27:881-889. [PMID: 34767961 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Brain temperature (BT) is a crucial physiological parameter used to monitor cerebral status. Physical activities and traumatic brain injuries (TBI) can affect BT; therefore, non-invasive BT monitoring is an important way to gain insight into TBI, stroke, and wellbeing. The effects of BT on physical performance have been studied at length. When humans are under extreme conditions, most of the energy consumed is used to maintain the BT. In addition, measuring the BT is useful for early brain diagnostics. Passive microwave radiometry (MWR) measures the intrinsic radiation of tissues in the 1-4 GHz range. It was shown that non-invasive passive MWR technology can successfully measure BT and identify even small TBIs. Here, we review the potential applications of MWR for assessing BT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Shevelev
- People' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia; Federal Research and Clinical Centre for Resuscitation and Rehabilitation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina Petrova
- People' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia; Federal Research and Clinical Centre for Resuscitation and Rehabilitation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey Smolensky
- Russian State University of Physical Culture, Sports, Youth and Tourism, Moscow, Russia
| | - Batyr Osmonov
- Educational - Scientifc Medical Center of Kyrgyz Medical Sate University, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic
| | | | - Tatyana Kharybina
- Library for Natural Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - Sergey Vesnin
- Medical Microwave Radiometry Ltd, Edinburgh, UK; RTM Diagnostic LLC, Moscow, Russia; Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Igor Goryanin
- School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Institute Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Pushchino, Russia; Okinawa Institute Science and Technology, Okinawa, Japan.
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