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Tsukamoto S, Righi A, Mavrogenis AF, Masunaga T, Honoki K, Fujii H, Kido A, Tanaka Y, Tanaka Y, Errani C. Effect of adjuvant chemotherapy on localized dedifferentiated low-grade osteosarcoma: a systematic review. Musculoskelet Surg 2024; 108:241-249. [PMID: 38709428 DOI: 10.1007/s12306-024-00821-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Dedifferentiated low-grade osteosarcomas, which are considered high grade malignancies, can arise from the dedifferentiation of parosteal and low-grade osteosarcomas. Usually, localized dedifferentiated low-grade osteosarcomas are treated by wide resection, and the efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy is controversial. We conducted a systematic review of studies that investigated the rates of mortality and significant events, such as recurrence and metastases, in localized dedifferentiated low-grade osteosarcoma patients who received wide resection only and in those who received wide resection and (neo-)adjuvant chemotherapy. METHODS We identified 712 studies through systematic searches of Embase, PubMed, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases. Of those studies, seven were included in this review and none were randomized controlled trials. In the seven studies, 114 localized dedifferentiated low-grade osteosarcoma patients were examined. RESULTS Mortality rates of the resection plus chemotherapy (R + C) and the resection only (Ronly) groups were 20.3% and 11.4%, respectively [overall pooled odds ratio, 1.59 (P = 0.662); heterogeneity I2, 0%]. The local recurrence or distant metastasis rate in the R + C group was 36.7% and that in the Ronly group was 28.6% [overall pooled odds ratio, 1.37 (P = 0.484); heterogeneity I2 was 0%]. CONCLUSIONS Results show a limited efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy for localized dedifferentiated low-grade osteosarcoma. However, because this was a systematic review of retrospective studies that examined a small number of patients, future randomized controlled trials are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tsukamoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nara Medical University, 840, Shijo-Cho, Kashihara-City, Nara, 634-8521, Japan.
| | - A Righi
- Department of Pathology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via Di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - A F Mavrogenis
- First Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 41 Ventouri Street, 15562, Holargos, Athens, Greece
| | - T Masunaga
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nara Medical University, 840, Shijo-Cho, Kashihara-City, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
| | - K Honoki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nara Medical University, 840, Shijo-Cho, Kashihara-City, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
| | - H Fujii
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nara Medical University, 840, Shijo-Cho, Kashihara-City, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
| | - A Kido
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nara Medical University, 840, Shijo-Cho, Kashihara-City, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
| | - Y Tanaka
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Wakayama Professional University of Rehabilitation, 3-1, Minamoto-Cho, Wakayama-City, 640-8222, Japan
| | - Y Tanaka
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nara Medical University, 840, Shijo-Cho, Kashihara-City, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
| | - C Errani
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via Pupilli 1, 40136, Bologna, Italy
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Pala E, Canapeti J, Trovarelli G, Angelini A, Ruggieri P. Is still effective massive allograft reconstruction in parosteal osteosarcoma of the distal femur? Review of the literature and advantages of newer technologies. J Orthop Surg Res 2024; 19:395. [PMID: 38978107 PMCID: PMC11232198 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-024-04880-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Parosteal Osteosarcoma is a well-differentiated, low-grade bone sarcoma. It most commonly occurs in the third decade of life, usually in the distal femur. This study aims to perform a literature review about the types of reconstructions reported and to analyze the results of an updated technique of resection using custom-made 3D-printed cutting guides. METHODS We perform a systematic literature review about parosteal osteosarcoma, evaluating treatments, margins, local recurrence, complications, and functional results when available. We also report a case treated in our Center with a revisited technique introducing custom-made 3D-printed cutting guides. RESULTS We analyzed 12 studies with a total of 151 patients. The distal femur was the most frequently reported site (81.5%). After distal femur resection, reconstruction was performed with graft in most cases (48%), followed by prosthetic reconstruction (40%). Margins were wide in 85.5% of cases. The total incidence of local recurrence was 11%. Functional results were excellent in all cases, with a mean MSTS score of 86%. In our case, with the help of the jigs, the surgical technique was relatively easy, graft fusion excellent and fast, margins wide, and functional results excellent. CONCLUSIONS In the literature, the most commonly used type of reconstruction after resection is biological with graft. Indeed, despite the increasing number of prosthetic reconstructions, the historical diaphysometaphyseal hemiresection and graft is still indicated in parosteal osteosarcoma of the distal femur. New technologies, such as the jigs we used, allow significant advantages during the procedure: reduce the resection and graft preparation time, allow a better match between components, and help to obtain safer margins, sparing as much bone as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Pala
- Department of Orthopedics and Orthopedic Oncology, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 3, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Joele Canapeti
- Department of Orthopedics and Orthopedic Oncology, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 3, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Giulia Trovarelli
- Department of Orthopedics and Orthopedic Oncology, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 3, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Andrea Angelini
- Department of Orthopedics and Orthopedic Oncology, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 3, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Pietro Ruggieri
- Department of Orthopedics and Orthopedic Oncology, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 3, 35128, Padua, Italy.
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Biz C, Khamisy-Farah R, Puce L, Szarpak L, Converti M, Ceylan Hİ, Crimì A, Bragazzi NL, Ruggieri P. Investigating and Practicing Orthopedics at the Intersection of Sex and Gender: Understanding the Physiological Basis, Pathology, and Treatment Response of Orthopedic Conditions by Adopting a Gender Lens: A Narrative Overview. Biomedicines 2024; 12:974. [PMID: 38790936 PMCID: PMC11118756 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12050974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
In the biomedical field, the differentiation between sex and gender is crucial for enhancing the understanding of human health and personalizing medical treatments, particularly within the domain of orthopedics. This distinction, often overlooked or misunderstood, is vital for dissecting and treating musculoskeletal conditions effectively. This review delves into the sex- and gender-specific physiology of bones, cartilage, ligaments, and tendons, highlighting how hormonal differences impact the musculoskeletal system's structure and function, and exploring the physiopathology of orthopedic conditions from an epidemiological, molecular, and clinical perspective, shedding light on the discrepancies in disease manifestation across sexes. Examples such as the higher rates of deformities (adolescent idiopathic and adult degenerative scoliosis and hallux valgus) in females and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women illustrate the critical role of sex and gender in orthopedic health. Additionally, the review addresses the morbidity-mortality paradox, where women, despite appearing less healthy on frailty indexes, show lower mortality rates, highlighting the complex interplay between biological and social determinants of health. Injuries and chronic orthopedic conditions such osteoarthritis exhibit gender- and sex-specific prevalence and progression patterns, necessitating a nuanced approach to treatment that considers these differences to optimize outcomes. Moreover, the review underscores the importance of recognizing the unique needs of sexual minority and gender-diverse individuals in orthopedic care, emphasizing the impact of gender-affirming hormone therapy on aspects like bone health and perioperative risks. To foster advancements in sex- and gender-specific orthopedics, we advocate for the strategic disaggregation of data by sex and gender and the inclusion of "Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity" (SOGI) data in research and clinical practice. Such measures can enrich clinical insights, ensure tailored patient care, and promote inclusivity within orthopedic treatments, ultimately enhancing the precision and effectiveness of care for diverse patient populations. Integrating sex and gender considerations into orthopedic research and practice is paramount for addressing the complex and varied needs of patients. By embracing this comprehensive approach, orthopedic medicine can move towards more personalized, effective, and inclusive treatment strategies, thereby improving patient outcomes and advancing the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Biz
- Orthopedics and Orthopedic Oncology, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology (DiSCOG), University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (A.C.); (P.R.)
| | - Rola Khamisy-Farah
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel;
- Clalit Health Service, Akko 2412001, Israel
| | - Luca Puce
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Lukasz Szarpak
- Department of Clinical Research and Development, LUXMED Group, 02-676 Warsaw, Poland;
- Henry JN Taub Department of Emergency Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Manlio Converti
- Department of Mental Health, Local Health Unit ASL Napoli 2 Nord, 80027 Naples, Italy;
| | - Halil İbrahim Ceylan
- Department of Physical Education of Sports Teaching, Faculty of Kazim Karabekir Education, Atatürk University, Erzurum 25030, Turkey;
| | - Alberto Crimì
- Orthopedics and Orthopedic Oncology, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology (DiSCOG), University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (A.C.); (P.R.)
| | - Nicola Luigi Bragazzi
- Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (LIAM), Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
- Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy
| | - Pietro Ruggieri
- Orthopedics and Orthopedic Oncology, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology (DiSCOG), University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (A.C.); (P.R.)
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Perloff A, Park S, Panganiban R, deVries J. Pediatric parosteal osteosarcoma of the distal radius causing extensive erosive mass effect of the adjacent ulna: a case report. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2023; 24:950. [PMID: 38057715 PMCID: PMC10702084 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-023-07018-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Parosteal osteosarcomas are low-grade bony malignancies that are treated primarily with surgical resection and reconstruction. This report discusses a unique case of a pediatric patient who presented with a parosteal osteosarcoma of the distal radius causing extensive erosive mass effect and growth disturbance of the adjacent ulna. Likely due to their slow-growing nonaggressive nature, parosteal osteosarcomas have not been previously described to abut adjacent bony structures through direct contact. The patient presented in a significantly delayed manner due to social circumstances, inadvertently revealing this novel behavior. This report reviews this rare case and describes the current understanding of this tumor. CASE PRESENTATION The patient is a 13-year-old male who presented with a parosteal osteosarcoma of his distal radius. He presented with a palpable wrist mass and wrist stiffness. He presented in a delayed manner with advanced local disease due to social factors. Imaging revealed an osseous radial mass that abutted the ulna and likely stunted its growth. The patient ultimately underwent complex resection and allograft reconstruction of both his distal radius and ulna. Intraoperative pathology was confirmed to have negative tumor margins. Allograft reconstruction of the radius and ulna was performed utilizing patient-specific custom cutting guides. At the 6-month postoperative visit, the patient had no recurrence of the mass, minimal pain, and had almost regained range of motion of the extremities. Clinical radiographs at the 6-month postoperative visit demonstrated allograft incorporation. CONCLUSIONS A previously unreported case of pediatric parosteal osteosarcoma of the distal radius with erosion of the adjacent ulna through direct contact is presented. The challenges in and the importance of arriving at a definitive diagnosis in a timely manner for the proper treatment of this malignancy are emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Perloff
- Orthopedic Surgery Department, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, United States of America.
| | - SeHoon Park
- Orthopedic Surgery Department, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, United States of America
| | - Robert Panganiban
- Orthopedic Surgery Department, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, United States of America
| | - John deVries
- Orthopedic Surgery Department, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, United States of America
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Gharbi MA, Zendeoui A, Tborbi A, Bouzidi R, Ezzaouia K, Nefiss M. Conservative surgical management of surface osteosarcoma using 3D printing technology: An unusual case report and literature review. Int J Surg Case Rep 2023; 113:109086. [PMID: 38007866 PMCID: PMC10746854 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2023.109086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE Surface osteosarcoma, a rare variant of osteosarcoma, poses unique challenges in diagnosis and treatment. This report discusses the application of 3D printing technology in the surgical management of a complex case involving a 27-year-old female patient with surface osteosarcoma in the proximal tibia. CASE PRESENTATION A 27-year-old female patient presented with a progressively growing mass on her right knee, initially misdiagnosed as a benign bone tumor. Over five years, the lesion expanded from a well-corticated metaphyseal-epiphyseal outgrowth on the proximal tibia to involve the anterior tibial tuberosity. Radiological and histological evaluations confirmed well-differentiated paraosteal surface osteosarcoma. A multidisciplinary team opted for a conservative surgical approach, including resection of the anterior tibial tuberosity and patellar tendon. Precision was enhanced through 3D printing technology, which provided custom cutting guides. The reconstruction involved non-vascularized peroneus and iliac crest bone grafts. CLINICAL DISCUSSION Accurate differentiation from benign lesions presents challenges. Achieving surgical resection with clear margins is pivotal for favourable outcomes, particularly in young patients. Chemotherapy yields limited benefits in low-grade surface osteosarcomas. Functional prognosis hinges on effective post-resection reconstruction. 3D printing technology facilitates meticulous surgical planning and guidance, enhancing the success of conservative surgical interventions. CONCLUSION This case underscores the significance of a multidisciplinary approach, accurate diagnosis, and the integration of 3D printing technology in managing surface osteosarcomas. Conservative surgical resection, guided by precise planning and reconstruction, is critical for preserving functionality. Continued research and the adoption of innovative techniques hold promise for improving the quality of life and functional outcomes of individuals grappling with musculoskeletal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Amine Gharbi
- Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Mongi Slim Marsa University Hospital Center, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ahmed Zendeoui
- Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Mongi Slim Marsa University Hospital Center, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Anis Tborbi
- Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Mongi Slim Marsa University Hospital Center, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ramzi Bouzidi
- Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Mongi Slim Marsa University Hospital Center, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Khelil Ezzaouia
- Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Mongi Slim Marsa University Hospital Center, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mouadh Nefiss
- Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Mongi Slim Marsa University Hospital Center, Tunis, Tunisia
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Silveira HA, Coelho MC, Silva EV, Nogueira GM, Díaz KP, Oliveira-Santos C, León JE. Maxillary Parosteal Osteosarcoma: Additional case Report and Literature Review of Surface Osteosarcomas. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2023; 75:1076-1080. [PMID: 37274972 PMCID: PMC10235407 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-022-03373-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Surface osteosarcomas represent around 3-6% of all osteosarcomas, which include the parosteal (low-grade), periosteal (intermediate-grade) and high-grade surface osteosarcomas. The classical location is the femur, followed by tibia and humerus. Parosteal osteosarcoma is the most common type of surface osteosarcoma. To date, 26 cases of parosteal osteosarcoma affecting the jaws have been reported, with most cases following an evolution time of several months to years, clinically favoring a benign osseous or fibro-osseous lesion. Methods: Here, we report a 39-year-old female who was referred presenting a maxillary tumoral mass 5 years ago, clinically diagnosed as osteoma. After clinical, imaginological and histopathological analysis, a diagnosis of parosteal osteosarcoma was made. Conclusion: Thus, parosteal osteosarcoma should also be considered in the differential diagnosis of benign-appearance, bone-forming nodular lesions affecting the jaws.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heitor Albergoni Silveira
- Oral Medicine, Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, Araraquara Dental School, São Paulo State University (FOAr/UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
- Oral Pathology, Department of Stomatology, Public Oral Health, and Forensic Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto Dental School (FORP/USP), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14040-904 SP Brazil
| | - Maria Carolina Coelho
- Oral Pathology, Department of Stomatology, Public Oral Health, and Forensic Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto Dental School (FORP/USP), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14040-904 SP Brazil
| | - Evânio Vilela Silva
- Oral Medicine, Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, Araraquara Dental School, São Paulo State University (FOAr/UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
- Oral Pathology, Department of Stomatology, Public Oral Health, and Forensic Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto Dental School (FORP/USP), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14040-904 SP Brazil
| | - Gustavo Milhomens Nogueira
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine (FMRP/USP), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Katya Pulido Díaz
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud (UABC-Valle de Las Palmas), Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali, Baja California México
| | - Christiano Oliveira-Santos
- Division of Oral Radiology, Department of Stomatology, Public Oral Health, and Forensic Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto Dental School (FORP/USP), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jorge Esquiche León
- Oral Pathology, Department of Stomatology, Public Oral Health, and Forensic Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto Dental School (FORP/USP), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14040-904 SP Brazil
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine (FMRP/USP), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Idrees H, Zarrar R, Mujtaba B. Parosteal Osteosarcoma of the skull: Pathophysiological and imaging review. Eur J Radiol Open 2023; 10:100489. [PMID: 37396488 PMCID: PMC10311199 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejro.2023.100489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Parosteal Osteosarcoma (POS) is a well-differentiated low-grade malignant sarcoma occurring at the bone surface. POS of the skull is exceedingly rare, with only 4 temporal bone cases reported in modern literature. This tumor may resemble a multitude of entities, hence identifying it is critical. This may be achieved through a combination of clinical, histopathological, and imaging diagnostic techniques. POS may recur locally or dedifferentiate, the latter having a worse prognosis. This review aims to update the reader regarding the management of the rare Parosteal Osteosarcoma located in the skull bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajra Idrees
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Raza Zarrar
- Baptist Hospitals of Southeast Texas, 3080 College St, Beaumont, TX, United States of America
| | - Bilal Mujtaba
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, United States of America
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Erdoğan F, Çinka H, Akman BÇ, Coşkun HS, Dabak N. Analysis of prognostic factors and histopathological response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in osteosarcoma. Jt Dis Relat Surg 2023; 34:196-206. [PMID: 36700283 PMCID: PMC9903113 DOI: 10.52312/jdrs.2023.902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to examine the clinical results of patients who underwent medical and surgical treatment for osteosarcoma, to determine the overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) rates, and to examine the effects of prognostic factors on these rates. PATIENTS AND METHODS Between January 2005 and January 2020, a total of 64 patients (38 males, 26 females; mean age: 20.9±11.5 years; range, 6 to 70 years) who received medical and surgical treatment for osteosarcoma were retrospectively analyzed. Demographic characteristics, follow-up period, tumor location and size, tumor stage and necrosis rate, metastatic disease, surgical treatments, postoperative complications, local recurrence, and metastasis were recorded. The relationship of these factors with the survival was examined. RESULTS The median follow-up was 51.6 (range, 3 to 156) months. The most common tumor localization was in the distal femur with 42 (65.6%) patients and the most common histopathological subtypes were conventional osteosarcoma in 50 (78.1%) patients. The OS rates were 91.6% at one year, 65.9% at five years, and 51.6% at 10 years. With the exception of two patients who died during neoadjuvant chemotherapy, all patients underwent surgical treatment. The addition of chemotherapy + radiotherapy in the treatment did not provide any benefits in terms of survival and recurrence compared to the group that was not added, and the five-year OS rate was 79.3% compared to 20.7%, respectively. The overall 10-year survival rates were 83.9% and 37.2% in the group with a good response (≥90%) and poor response (<90%) to treatment (p=0.012). The mean survival time of three patients who presented with pathological fractures was shorter than the others (p>0.05). Surgical margin was ≤2 mm in 27 (42.2%) patients, >2 mm in 30 (46.9%) patients, and surgical margin was positive in five (7.8%) patients. The mean OS in the group with a surgical margin closure of >2 mm was 10.8±1.9 years and was longer than the other groups (p=0.047). CONCLUSION Metastasis at the time of diagnosis, <90% tumor necrosis, a tumor size of ≥10 cm, and metastasis development were significantly associated with poor survival and were found to be independent prognostic factors. The OS rate in the patient group with Stage III-IV response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy given the cisplatin + doxorubicin protocol was found to be better than those given the European and American Osteosarcoma Studies (EURAMOS) protocol. More research is needed to determine the most optimal chemotherapy protocols in this patient population. In addition, a multidisciplinary approach in treatment is of utmost importance to improve oncological outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furkan Erdoğan
- Amasya Üniversitesi Sabuncuoğlu Şerefeddin Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, Ortopedi ve Travmatoloji Kliniği, 05200 Amasya, Türkiye.
| | - Hikmet Çinka
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Karasu State Hospital, Sakarya, Türkiye
| | | | - Hüseyin Sina Coşkun
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Ondokuz Mayıs University Faculty of Medicine, Samsun, Türkiye
| | - Nevzat Dabak
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Ondokuz Mayıs University Faculty of Medicine, Samsun, Türkiye
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Xu G, Zhang H, Shi Y, Yang F. Circular RNA circDOCK1 contributes to osteosarcoma progression by acting as a ceRNA for miR-936 to regulate LEF1. J Bone Oncol 2022; 36:100453. [PMID: 36147545 PMCID: PMC9486120 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbo.2022.100453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
CircDOCK1 knockdown relieved osteosarcoma cell malignant behaviors. CircDOCK1 functioned as a molecular sponge of miR-936. miR-936 directly targeted LEF1.
Background Osteosarcoma (OS) is a serious bone malignancy that commonly occurred in humans. Recent research suggested that circular RNA (circRNA) Dedicator of cytokinesis 1 (circDOCK1, also called hsa_circ_0020378) enrolled in the tumorigenesis of osteogenic sarcoma. This subject aimed to explore the precise role and mechanism of circDOCK1 on OS progression. Methods CircDOCK1, microRNA-936 (miR-936), and Lymphoid enhancer binding factor 1 (LEF1) levels were detected using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), colony formation, 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU), transwell, wound healing, and tube formation assays were used to assess OS cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis. Western blot analysis of protein levels of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2), MMP9, and LEF1. According to bioinformatics software (circular RNA Interactome and TargetScan) analysis, the binding between miR-936 and circDOCK1 or LEF1 was predicted, followed by verification by a dual-luciferase reporter and RNA Immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays. Results Increased circDOCK1 and LEF1, and decreased miR-936 were found in OS tissues and cell lines. Furthermore, circDOCK1 silencing might suppress OS cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis in vitro. Bioinformatics analysis exhibited that circDOCK1 acted as a sponge for miR-936 and LEF1 was a downstream target of miR-936. Moreover, circDOCK1 functions through modulation of the miR-936/LEF1 axis. Conclusion CircDOCK1 knockdown might attenuate OS cell malignant biological behaviors by regulating the miR-936/GFRA1 axis, which may highlight the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of these molecules for OS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Xu
- Department of Bone and Soft-Tissue Tumor, Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/ Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Haijiao Zhang
- The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yuxia Shi
- Department of Bone and Soft-Tissue Tumor, Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/ Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Bone and Soft-Tissue Tumor, Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/ Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
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10
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Dedifferentiation in low-grade osteosarcoma: a Japanese Musculoskeletal Oncology Group (JMOG) study. Int J Clin Oncol 2022; 27:1758-1766. [PMID: 35932377 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-022-02223-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low-grade osteosarcomas, namely parosteal osteosarcoma (POS) and low-grade central osteosarcoma (LGCOS), occasionally dedifferentiate into high-grade malignancy, referred to as dedifferentiation in low-grade osteosarcoma (DLOS). This study aimed to elucidate the clinicopathologic features of DLOS, which are poorly described to date due to the extreme rarity of the disease. METHODS A total of 33 patients with DLOS were included. Clinical characteristics, including the diagnostic accuracy of tumor biopsy, multimodal treatments, and clinical course, were retrospectively reviewed. Univariate analysis was performed to identify prognostic factors associated with overall survival (OS) and metastasis-free survival (MFS). RESULTS The tumor subtypes comprised 10 cases (30.3%) of LGCOS and 23 cases (69.7%) of POS. The timing of dedifferentiation was synchronous in 25 (75.8%) and metachronous in 8 (24.2%) patients. The rates of preoperative diagnosis of DLOS were 40.0% and 65.4% for core needle biopsy and incisional biopsy, respectively. All patients underwent surgery and 25 patients received perioperative chemotherapy. Of the 13 patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy, 11 exhibited a poor histological response. The 5-year OS and MFS rates were 88.1% and 77.7%, respectively. Univariate analysis revealed that local recurrence was associated with poor OS (P < 0.01) and MFS (P < 0.01). Perioperative chemotherapy did not affect OS or MFS. CONCLUSIONS The diagnostic accuracy of tumor biopsy for DLOS was lower than that for bone sarcomas, as reported previously. In contrast to conventional osteosarcomas with high chemosensitivity, both histological responses and survival analysis revealed low efficacy of chemotherapy for DLOS.
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Oncological and Functional Outcomes after Hemicortical Resection and Biological Reconstruction Using Allograft for Parosteal Osteosarcoma of the Distal Femur. Sarcoma 2022; 2022:5153924. [PMID: 35692235 PMCID: PMC9184185 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5153924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Parosteal osteosarcoma (PAOS) is a surface osteosarcoma. Treatment options include wide excision and endoprosthetic or allograft. However, due to the low local recurrence and metastasis rate, when it appears in the posterior surface of the distal femur, the lesion can be managed with hemicortical wide resection and biological reconstruction with hemicortical allograft. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the oncological and functional outcomes of patients with parosteal osteosarcoma (PAOS) of the posterior cortex of the distal femur who underwent biological reconstruction after hemicortical resection. Methods Eleven patients who underwent wide tumor resection and defect reconstruction of the posterior surface of the distal femur using hemicortical allograft were retrospectively studied. Local recurrence, metastasis, complications, and the functional outcome using the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) scoring system were evaluated. Results The average postoperative follow-up period was 53.64 months (range, 30 to 84 months). At the latest follow-up, all patients had no evidence of disease without metastases. One patient with local recurrence underwent revision surgery with fibula autograft reconstruction. The mean MSTS score was 93.45 ± 3.56. Conclusions Treatment of patients with PAOS of the posterior aspect of the distal femur with hemicortical resection and allograft reconstruction has satisfactory oncological and functional outcome and low complication rates.
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Hsu JY, Seligson ND, Hays JL, Miles WO, Chen JL. Clinical Utility of CDK4/6 Inhibitors in Sarcoma: Successes and Future Challenges. JCO Precis Oncol 2022; 6:e2100211. [PMID: 35108033 PMCID: PMC8820917 DOI: 10.1200/po.21.00211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Soft tissue and bone sarcomas are rare malignancies that exhibit significant pathologic and molecular heterogeneity. Deregulation of the CDKN2A-CCND-CDK4/6-retinoblastoma 1 (Rb) pathway is frequently observed in about 25% of unselected sarcomas and is pathognomonic for specific sarcoma subtypes. This genomic specificity has fueled the clinical evaluation of selective CDK4/6 inhibitors in sarcomas. Here, we highlight successes, opportunities, and future challenges for using CDK4/6 inhibitors to treat sarcoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS This review summarizes the current evidence for the use of CDK4/6 inhibitors in sarcoma while identifying molecular rationale and predictive biomarkers that provide the foundation for targeting the CDK4/6 pathway in sarcoma. A systematic review was performed of articles indexed in the PubMed database and the National Institutes of Health Clinical Trials Registry (ClinicalTrials.gov). For each sarcoma subtype, we discuss the preclinical rationale, case reports, and available clinical trials data. RESULTS Despite promising clinical outcomes in a subset of sarcomas, resistance to CDK4/6 inhibitors results in highly heterogeneous clinical outcomes. Current clinical data support the use of CDK4/6 inhibitors in subsets of sarcoma primarily driven by CDK4/6 deregulation. When dysregulation of the Rb pathway is a secondary driver of sarcoma, combination therapy with CDK4/6 inhibition may be an option. Developing strategies to identify responders and the mechanisms that drive resistance is important to maximize the clinical utility of these drugs in patients with sarcoma. Potential biomarkers that indicate CDK4/6 inhibitor sensitivity in sarcoma include CDK4, CCND, CCNE, RB1, E2F1, and CDKN2A. CONCLUSION CDK4/6 inhibitors represent a major breakthrough for targeted cancer treatment. CDK4/6 inhibitor use in sarcoma has led to limited, but significant, early clinical success. Targeted future clinical research will be key to unlocking the potential of CDK4/6 inhibition in sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn Y. Hsu
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Nathan D. Seligson
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, University of Florida, Jacksonville, FL
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Nemours Children's Specialty Care, Jacksonville, FL
| | - John L. Hays
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Wayne O. Miles
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - James L. Chen
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- Division of Bioinformatics, Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
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13
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VIOLA DANCARAIMAIA, ROCHA ALLANSILVA, CRISOSTOMO BERNARDOLOPES, GARCIA JAIROGRECO, PETRILLI MARCELODETOLEDO, KORUKIAN MARCOS. JUXTACORTICAL OSTEOSARCOMA: CLINICAL EVOLUTION AND DEDIFFERENTIATION RELATED FACTORS. ACTA ORTOPÉDICA BRASILEIRA 2022; 30:e257493. [DOI: 10.1590/1413-785220223005e257493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Objective: Evaluate risk factors related to clinical evolution and dedifferentiation of parosteal (juxtacortical) osteosarcoma to high-grade osteosarcoma. Methods: Retrospective cohort study performed over a period of 25 years, using data from medical records of patients diagnosed with parosteal osteosarcoma. The data were submitted to statistical analysis by Fisher’s exact test and Student’s t-test. Results: Of the 326 patients treated for osteosarcoma, we identified 17 patients diagnosed with parosteal osteosarcoma. Of these, 4 (23.5%) were not actually diagnosed with parosteal osteosarcoma and 4 did not have the minimum data required for analysis, being excluded from the study. Of the 9 patients studied, we observed that 3 (33.3%) evolved with tumor dedifferentiation to high-grade osteosarcoma. Moreover, 2 (66.7%) had local recurrence and 2 (66.7%) metastases. Conclusion: Age, sex, and the tumor size were not directly related to the dedifferentiation from parosteal osteosarcoma to high-grade osteosarcoma. The most aggressive clinical evolution - presence of local recurrences and metastasis - in parosteal osteosarcoma occurred in tumors with dedifferentiation, however, we cannot associate each other as cause and effect, but as related factors. Level of Evidence IV, Case Series.
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Affiliation(s)
- DAN CARAI MAIA VIOLA
- Institute of Pediatric Oncology, Brazil; Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Brazil
| | - ALLAN SILVA ROCHA
- Institute of Pediatric Oncology, Brazil; Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - JAIRO GRECO GARCIA
- Institute of Pediatric Oncology, Brazil; Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - MARCOS KORUKIAN
- Institute of Pediatric Oncology, Brazil; Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil
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14
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Savvidou O, Papakonstantinou O, Lakiotaki E, Zafeiris I, Melissaridou D, Korkolopoulou P, Papagelopoulos PJ. Surface bone sarcomas: an update on current clinicopathological diagnosis and treatment. EFORT Open Rev 2021; 6:905-917. [PMID: 34760290 PMCID: PMC8559567 DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.6.210064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface bone sarcomas are rare malignant bone tumours. Osseous and cartilaginous surface bone sarcomas are the most common, with parosteal and periosteal osteosarcomas, periosteal chondrosarcomas and secondary peripheral chondrosarcomas being the most frequent. Their clinical symptoms are non-specific and include pain for several months, swelling and limited range of motion of the adjacent joints. Prompt diagnosis is important, as biological behaviour, imaging and histopathologic characteristics, treatment and prognosis differ considerably from their conventional intramedullary counterparts. Moreover, their imaging characteristics are not infrequently non-characteristic and may be misinterpreted as juxtacortical benign lesions leading to incorrect diagnosis and treatment, with life-threatening repercussions. Molecular studies and histopathological sampling are essential for accurate diagnosis. There are still numerous issues regarding the biology, pathophysiology and treatment options of these entities due to their rarity.
Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2021;6:905-917. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.6.210064
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Savvidou
- First Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece.,These authors contributed equally to this manuscript
| | - Olympia Papakonstantinou
- Second Department of Radiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Attikon University General Hospital, Athens, Greece.,These authors contributed equally to this manuscript
| | - Eleftheria Lakiotaki
- First Department of Pathology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece.,These authors contributed equally to this manuscript
| | - Ioannis Zafeiris
- First Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitra Melissaridou
- First Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Pinelopi Korkolopoulou
- First Department of Pathology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece.,Co-senior authors
| | - Panayiotis J Papagelopoulos
- First Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece.,Co-senior authors
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15
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Shekhrajka N, Shatzkes DR, Dean KE, Smithgall MC, Moonis G. Protuberant Fibro-Osseous Lesion of the Temporal Bone: "Bullough Bump"-Multimodality Imaging Case Series and Literature Review. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2021; 42:2023-2029. [PMID: 34593383 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A handful of cases of protuberant fibro-osseous lesions of the temporal bones have been described in the literature to date, with primary focus on the pathologic features. Here we review 3 cases of pathology-proved protuberant fibro-osseous lesions of the temporal bone and include a literature review with a focus on the imaging features. While rare, these lesions have near-pathognomonic imaging features defined by a location at the cortex of the outer table of the temporal bone at the occipitomastoid suture, lack of involvement of the underlying marrow, variable mineralization, and MR signal characteristics atypical of a chondroid lesion. One case in this series was FDG-avid and had occasional mitotic features, possibly reflecting an aggressive variant. Neuroradiologists should be familiar with this benign diagnosis to aid in timely identification and avoid unnecessary additional imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Shekhrajka
- From the Department of Radiology (N.S.), Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - D R Shatzkes
- Department of Radiology (D.R.S.), Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, New York
| | - K E Dean
- Department of Radiology (K.E.D.), Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - M C Smithgall
- Department of Pathology (M.C.S.), Anatomic and Clinical Pathology
| | - G Moonis
- Department of Radiology (G.M.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
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16
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Rekhi B, Uppin S, Kattoor J, Jambhekar NA, Singh P, Pant V, Rao S, Afroz N. Grossing and reporting of bone tumor specimens in surgical oncology: Rationale with current evidence and recent updates. Indian J Cancer 2021; 58:326-335. [PMID: 34558441 DOI: 10.4103/ijc.ijc_59_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Primary bone tumors, including sarcomas, are rare tumors and require a multidisciplinary approach, including inputs from a radiologist, pathologist, medical oncologist, and surgical and radiation oncologist, for optimal management. Over the years, there has been a paradigm shift toward the treatment of bone sarcomas, from radical resections to conservative surgical procedures, to achieve improved clinical and functional outcomes. This has led to receiving and processing various types of specimens in orthopedic oncopathology. Grossing and reporting of bone tumors require expertise. This review focuses upon the types of biopsies, grossing techniques of various specimens in orthopedic oncology and reporting, with rationale and recommendations from pathologists, actively involved in reporting and pursuing a special interest in bone tumors, based on current evidence. Furthermore, there is a section on some of the updates in the diagnosis of bone tumors, based on the recent fifth edition of the World Health Organization classification of tumors of soft tissues and bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharat Rekhi
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Bone and Soft Tissues, Disease Management Group, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI) University, Parel, India
| | - Shantveer Uppin
- Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | | | - Nirmala A Jambhekar
- Formerly, Department of Surgical Pathology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Parel, India
| | | | - Vinita Pant
- Centre for Oncopathology, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Satish Rao
- Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Nishat Afroz
- Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Harper K, Sathiadoss P, Saifuddin A, Sheikh A. A review of imaging of surface sarcomas of bone. Skeletal Radiol 2021; 50:9-28. [PMID: 32681279 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-020-03546-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Surface lesions of bone are uncommon. Although their imaging features generally mirror those of their intramedullary counterparts, surface lesions may demonstrate distinct characteristics which along with their unusual location present a diagnostic challenge. Surface sarcomas are usually of a lower grade compared with intramedullary variants, leading to differences in management. Osteosarcoma arising from the cortical surface of the bone is termed juxtacortical or surface osteosarcoma and includes three distinct entities: parosteal, periosteal, and high-grade surface osteosarcoma. We also review the features intracortical osteosarcoma, which some authors include under the umbrella term surface osteosarcoma. These lesions exhibit biologic features distinct from those of conventional intramedullary osteosarcoma, which underlines the importance of accurate imaging diagnosis. Periosteal chondrosarcoma and periosteal Ewing sarcoma also have distinctive imaging appearances. The purpose of this article is to review surface sarcomas of bone with regard to their clinical and radiological features and to discuss the differential diagnosis for each condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Harper
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul Sathiadoss
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Asif Saifuddin
- Department of Radiology, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Brockley Hill, Stanmore, Middlesex, HA7 4LP, UK
| | - Adnan Sheikh
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Wang J, Zhang H, Sun X, Wang X, Ren T, Huang Y, Zhang R, Zheng B, Guo W. Exosomal PD-L1 and N-cadherin predict pulmonary metastasis progression for osteosarcoma patients. J Nanobiotechnology 2020; 18:151. [PMID: 33092576 PMCID: PMC7579953 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-020-00710-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies indicated that exosomal programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) derived from cancers could induce immunosuppression and tumor pathogenesis. However, it is unclear how exosomes influence osteosarcoma (OS) progression and whether PD-L1 also exists in serum exosomes (Sr-exosomes) of patients with osteosarcoma. We examined serum exosomes from 70 OS patients, 9 patients with benign tumors and 22 healthy donors. OS-derived exosomes were functionally evaluated in vivo and in vitro. RESULTS The characteristics of exosomes derived from OS patient serum and OS cell lines were confirmed by several methods. We found OS patients had a higher level of exosomal PD-L1 compared to healthy donors. Meanwhile, OS patients with pulmonary metastasis also showed a relatively higher level of exosomal PD-L1 than patients without metastasis. Next, bioinformatic analysis demonstrated that Sr-exosomes isolated from OS patients may involve in the important process of immune function and cancer pathogenesis for OS patients. Co-expression network centered with PD-L1 among Sr-exosomal differently expressed mRNA demonstrated exosomal N-cadherin had a close relationship with exosomal PD-L1 expression. Then, we confirmed higher level of Sr-exosomal N-cadherin in OS patients with pulmonary metastasis compared to ones without metastasis. Furthermore, we elucidated osteosarcoma-derived exosomes and exosomal-PD-L1 promoted the pulmonary metastasis in metastatic models. ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve) analysis showed AUC (Area Under Curve) of 0.823 for exosomal PD-L1, 0.806 for exosomal N-cadherin and 0.817 for exosomal N-cadherin/E-cadherin to distinguish OS patients with pulmonary metastasis from ones without metastasis. CONCLUSIONS Osteosarcoma stimulates pulmonary metastasis by releasing exosomes, that carry PD-L1 and N-cadherin. Detection of exosomal PD-L1 and N-cadherin from serum of OS patients may predict pulmonary metastasis progression for OS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, No. 11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Hongliang Zhang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, No. 11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Xin Sun
- Peking University People's Hospital, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, No. 11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Xiaofang Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-Characteristic Profiling for Evaluation of Rational Drug Use, International Cooperation & Joint Laboratoryof Bio-Characteristic Profiling for Evaluation of Rational Drug Use, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University,, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Tingting Ren
- Peking University People's Hospital, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, No. 11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, No. 11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Ranxin Zhang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, No. 11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Bingxin Zheng
- Peking University People's Hospital, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, No. 11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Peking University People's Hospital, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, No. 11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, China.
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Cersosimo F, Lonardi S, Bernardini G, Telfer B, Mandelli GE, Santucci A, Vermi W, Giurisato E. Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Osteosarcoma: From Mechanisms to Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5207. [PMID: 32717819 PMCID: PMC7432207 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcomas (OSs) are bone tumors most commonly found in pediatric and adolescent patients characterized by high risk of metastatic progression and recurrence after therapy. Effective therapeutic management of this disease still remains elusive as evidenced by poor patient survival rates. To achieve a more effective therapeutic management regimen, and hence patient survival, there is a need to identify more focused targeted therapies for OSs treatment in the clinical setting. The role of the OS tumor stroma microenvironment plays a significant part in the development and dissemination of this disease. Important components, and hence potential targets for treatment, are the tumor-infiltrating macrophages that are known to orchestrate many aspects of OS stromal signaling and disease progression. In particular, increased infiltration of M2-like tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) has been associated with OS metastasis and poor patient prognosis despite currently used aggressive therapies regimens. This review aims to provide a summary update of current macrophage-centered knowledge and to discuss the possible roles that macrophages play in the process of OS metastasis development focusing on the potential influence of stromal cross-talk signaling between TAMs, cancer-stem cells and additional OSs tumoral microenvironment factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Cersosimo
- Department of Biotechnology Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (F.C.); (G.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Silvia Lonardi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (S.L.); (G.E.M.); (W.V.)
| | - Giulia Bernardini
- Department of Biotechnology Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (F.C.); (G.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Brian Telfer
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK;
| | - Giulio Eugenio Mandelli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (S.L.); (G.E.M.); (W.V.)
| | - Annalisa Santucci
- Department of Biotechnology Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (F.C.); (G.B.); (A.S.)
| | - William Vermi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (S.L.); (G.E.M.); (W.V.)
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Emanuele Giurisato
- Department of Biotechnology Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (F.C.); (G.B.); (A.S.)
- Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
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A rare case of juxtacortic chondromyxoid fibroma in proximal humerus. TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH IN ANATOMY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tria.2020.100066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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21
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Linder V, Fritscher T, Hammon M, Schroth M, Schmidt W, Uder M, Rompel O. Small direct right ventricular cardiac metastasis of osteosarcoma in a 10-year-old boy affirmed by cardiac MRI. Radiol Case Rep 2020; 15:761-764. [PMID: 32322327 PMCID: PMC7160384 DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2020.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Metastatic osteosarcoma with direct cardiac involvement is an exceptionally rare finding. Reliable detection of cardiac metastases is known to be crucial for patients therapy and prognosis. Case Summary In a 10-year-old boy affected by osteosarcoma of the left femur, a baseline Fluorine-18-fluorodeoxy-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) was performed to assess the full extent of disease. Whole-body scan detected numerous bone metastases together with a single pulmonary metastasis. Moreover, increased tracer uptake was observed in the intracavitary right cardiac ventricle in the position of a subtle spot of calcification. Because of nondetectability of a cavitary lesion on echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) examination was performed to evaluate cardiac 18F-FDG PET/CT finding. CMRI revealed a small nodule in the right ventricle attached to the trabeculae, highly suspicious of a direct cardiac metastasis. After 4 cycles of chemotherapy, complete regression of tracer uptake of the lesion was observed on a follow-up 18F-FDG PET/CT scan. Conclusion CMRI is able to detect even small, clinically asymptomatic cardiac metastases in young patients affected by osteosarcoma.
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Parosteal Osteosarcoma: A Benign-Looking Tumour, Amenable to a Variety of Surgical Reconstruction. Int J Surg Oncol 2020; 2020:4807612. [PMID: 32550023 PMCID: PMC7275216 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4807612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma arising from cortical surface is classified into parosteal, periosteal and high-grade surface osteosarcoma. Along the spectrum, parosteal osteosarcoma occupies the well-differentiated end. It is a relatively rare disease entity, comprised only 4% of all osteosarcomas and barely reported in the literature. The objective of this study is to describe cases of parosteal osteosarcoma as well as a variety of treatment options amenable to such entity. Six cases of parosteal osteosarcoma were identified based on histopathological reports in a tertiary referral hospital in Jakarta, Indonesia between January 2001 and December 2019. The mean age was 29.8 years old; four of them (66.7%) were male. Distal end of femur was the most commonly involved bone (five cases, 83.3%). The patients were treated with wide excision followed by several different reconstruction methods: replacement with endoprosthesis, extracorporeal irradiation, knee arthrodesis, or prophylactic fixation. One of our patients presented with dedifferentiated component, and therefore was treated by limb ablation. While two cases died of pulmonary metastasis, other patients reported fair to excellent functional outcome.
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Deng Z, Huang Z, Ding Y, Su Y, Chan CM, Niu X. High-Grade Surface Osteosarcoma: Clinical Features and Oncologic Outcome. J Bone Oncol 2020; 23:100288. [PMID: 32953434 PMCID: PMC7486478 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbo.2020.100288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background High-grade surface osteosarcoma is an extremely rare subtype of osteosarcoma. The treatment outcome for this tumor varies in different centers. Methods This was a retrospective study of high-grade surface osteosarcoma; clinical, radiological, and histological materials were reviewed. Results We studied 23 patients (16 males, seven females); median age was 24 years old. All the tumors involved the lower limb, located at the diaphysis in 11 patients and at the metaphysis in 12 patients. Even though the majority of tumors were located at the surface of the bone, the medullary canal was involved in 10 patients. The microscopic findings were indistinguishable from conventional central osteosarcoma. All the patients were treated with a combination of surgery and systemic chemotherapy. Follow-up data were completed in 20 patients; follow-up duration ranged from 27 months to 182 months or until the patient died of the disease (5–104 months). Of the 20 patients, 12 died of the disease, and eight patients were alive at the time of the last follow-up. The 5-year overall survival rate was 37.6%. Conclusions Our study revealed that the treatment outcome for this tumor shows a poor survival rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiping Deng
- Department of Orthopaedic Oncology Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Huang
- Department of Orthopaedic Oncology Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Ding
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongbin Su
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chung Ming Chan
- Division of Orthopaedic Oncology, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Xiaohui Niu
- Department of Orthopaedic Oncology Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
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[Osteoid-forming bone tumors : Morphology and current translational cell biology]. DER PATHOLOGE 2020; 41:123-133. [PMID: 32078700 DOI: 10.1007/s00292-020-00763-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Osteoid osteoma and osteoblastoma are the most important benign osteoid-forming tumors. They grow slowly and are well differentiated. Histologically, the tumor cells show no atypia and no increased mitoses. In typical cases, they can be clearly diagnosed. However, the rare cases on the dividing line between osteoblastoma and osteosarcoma are extremely problematic. In these cases, molecular genetic investigations should contribute to finding the correct diagnosis in the future.Juvenile highly malignant osteosarcoma is the most important malignant osteoid-forming tumor. About 40 years ago, neoadjuvant chemotherapy was introduced for the mostly young patients. This therapy highly significantly improved prognosis. However, a plateau phase was quickly reached and the last several decades have seen no further progress in conventional therapeutic approaches. There is no doubt that further progress can only be achieved on the basis of new molecular genetic and cell biological findings. The target-therapeutic strategies derived from these findings will be discussed in this review.The rare parosteal osteosarcoma and the even rarer periosteal osteosarcoma are mostly not highly malignant tumors that are located on the surface of bone. The parosteal osteosarcoma is usually G1 and the periosteal osteosarcoma G2. Occasionally, the differential diagnosis between a parosteal osteosarcoma and a fibrous dysplasia is difficult. In such rare cases, the detection of GNAS mutations in fibrous dysplasia can prove useful. In contrast to chondromas and chondrosarcomas, periosteal osteosarcomas do not contain IDH1 and IDH2 mutations.
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Zhang H, Jiang H, Zhang H, Liu J, Hu X, Chen L. Anti-tumor efficacy of phellamurin in osteosarcoma cells: Involvement of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 858:172477. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Villemure-Poliquin N, Trudel M, Labonté S, Blouin V, Fradet G. Low-Grade Surface Osteosarcoma of the Temporal Bone in Paediatric Patients: A Case Report and Literature Review. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS-PEDIATRICS 2019; 13:1179556519855381. [PMID: 31263376 PMCID: PMC6595646 DOI: 10.1177/1179556519855381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of the study: Primary osteosarcoma of the temporal bone is an exceedingly rare pathology in the paediatric population. As of now, only 3 cases have been reported in the English literature. We describe the additional case of a 16-year-old girl with an osteosarcoma of the mastoid bone. This study aims to report a rare paediatric case of low-grade surface osteosarcoma of the temporal bone. Materials and methods used: A literature review was performed to better understand paediatric osteosarcomas of the head and neck region, to optimize their investigation, to describe their histopathological and radiological characteristics, and to establish the optimal modalities of medical and surgical treatments. The research of previous published data was done using PubMed and Embase library with the keywords mentioned below. Results: The patient presented with a rapidly progressive left retroauricular lesion over a 3-week period. Radiological studies demonstrated aggressive and invasive features. An open biopsy followed and confirmed the diagnosis of a low-grade surface osteosarcoma. In accordance with the multidisciplinary team, we decided to perform a complete surgical resection with wide surgical margins. We did not administer any adjuvant therapies. A control computed tomography (CT) scan obtained 26 months postoperatively still showed no signs of recurrence. Conclusion: Osteosarcomas are aggressive malignant neoplasms found in the head and neck region in only 6% to 10% of cases. They represent approximately 1% of head and neck cancers, and these are generally high-grade lesions. Temporal bone involvement is rare, particularly for low-grade lesions in paediatric patients. In addition to reporting the fourth paediatric case of primary temporal bone osteosarcoma, this study describes its specific clinical, histopathological, and radiological findings, to improve the management and the prognostic of patients affected with this particular clinical entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noémie Villemure-Poliquin
- Department of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Mathieu Trudel
- Department of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Sebastien Labonté
- Department of Pathology, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Valérie Blouin
- Department of Radiology, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Gaétan Fradet
- Department of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
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Sun Y, Zhou J, Shi L, Li J, Chen J. MicroRNA‑466 inhibits cell proliferation and invasion in osteosarcoma by directly targeting insulin receptor substrate 1. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:3345-3352. [PMID: 30816452 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.9956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that microRNAs (miRNAs) are frequently dysregulated in osteosarcoma (OS), and the aberrant expression of miRNAs is associated with OS initiation and progression. Previous studies demonstrated that miRNA‑466 (miR‑466) is dysregulated, and serves important roles in various types of human cancer. However, the role of miR‑466 in the formation and progression of OS remains unclear. In the present study, the expression level of miR‑466 was identified to be markedly downregulated in OS tissues and cell lines. Additionally, miR‑466 overexpression inhibited the proliferative and invasive abilities of OS cells. In the present study, bioinformatics analyses and luciferase assays were employed to show that miR‑466 was able to directly target the 3'‑untranslated region of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) gene, negatively regulating the mRNA and the protein expression levels of IRS1 in OS cells. Furthermore, IRS1 was upregulated in OS tissues, and the increased expression level of IRS1 exhibited an inverse correlation with the expression level of miR‑466. Furthermore, IRS1 overexpression was able to partially reverse the suppressive effects of miR‑466 overexpression in OS cells. To the best of the authors' knowledge, the present study is the first to suggest that miR‑466 is downregulated in OS and inhibits the progression of OS by directly targeting IRS1. The present results suggested that miR‑466 may represent a novel potential therapeutic target for the treatment of patients with OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongning Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Ningbo No. 6 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R. China
| | - Jingzhen Zhou
- Department of Emergency, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R. China
| | - Lina Shi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Ningbo No. 6 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R. China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Emergency, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R. China
| | - Jianming Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Ningbo No. 6 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R. China
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Abtahi J, Ajan A. Malignant Transformation of Ossifying Fibroma into Parosteal Osteosarcoma with High-grade Component: Presentation of an Unusual Case and Review of the Literature. Open Dent J 2018. [DOI: 10.2174/1874210601812011059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:
Parosteal Osteosarcoma of the Jaw (POSJ) is a rare entity that is associated with a high survival rate. Several case reports and case series of POSJ have been published in the literature, but few authors have described development of this tumor by possible transformation from a fibro-osseous neoplasm.
Objective:
We present a rare occurrence of parosteal osteosarcoma with involvement of the posterior maxilla, orbit floor, and infra-temporal fossa in a 20-year-old man. Furthermore, we performed a literature review regarding clinical, radiological, and histological features; treatment strategies; and etiology/pathophysiology.
Methods:
A PubMed search yielded a total of 74 articles and the articles were sorted according to their corresponding key area of focus.
Results:
This was a case of POSJ with high-grade component in the maxillofacial region of a 20-year old male. Co-expression of MDM2 and CDK4 was confirmed. At 2.5-year follow-up, the patient had died. The literature review revealed 18 articles including 20 cases of POSJ. Four cases represent the possible development of this tumor by transformation from a fibro-osseous neoplasm: Two cases of fibrous dysplasia, one case of cemento-ossifying fibroma, and the case of Ossifying Fibroma (OF) in the present study.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, we found an unusual case of POSJ of the midface in a patient with a previous diagnosis of OF in the same region. To our knowledge, there have been no previous reports of development of POSJ in OF. Furthermore, this is the first described case of high-grade surface osteosarcoma in the craniofacial region.
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Ferrante di Ruffano L, Waldron T. On the importance of considering disease subtypes: Earliest detection of a parosteal osteosarcoma? Differential diagnosis of an osteosarcoma in an Anglo-Saxon female. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PALEOPATHOLOGY 2018; 21:128-137. [PMID: 29776880 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A case of potentially dedifferentiated parosteal osteosarcoma was found in the proximal humerus of an adult female buried in the late Anglo-Saxon cemetery of Cherry Hinton, Cambridgeshire, UK. Key features include a large, dense, lobulated mass attached to the medial metaphysis of the proximal humerus by a broad-based attachment, accompanied by cortical destruction and widespread spiculated periosteal reaction. Radiographic images confirm medullary involvement, lack of continuity between the cortex and external mass, a radiolucent cleavage plane and possible radiolucent zones within the bony masses. Differential diagnoses considered include osteochondroma, myositis ossificans, fracture callus, as well as the primary malignancies of osteosarcoma and chondrosarcoma, and their various subtypes. The macroscopic and radiographic analysis of the tumor is described and discussed within clinical and paleopathological contexts. One of only 19 uncontested examples of osteosarcoma from past human populations, most of which remain unconfirmed, this case represents what we believe to be the earliest, and probably singular, bioarcheological example of parosteal osteosarcoma in human history.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tony Waldron
- UCL Institute of Archaeology, 31-34 Gordon Square, London WC1H 0PY, UK
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30
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Chen M, Liu YY, Zheng MQ, Wang XL, Gao XH, Chen L, Zhang GM. microRNA-544 promoted human osteosarcoma cell proliferation by downregulating AXIN2 expression. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:7076-7082. [PMID: 29725431 PMCID: PMC5920246 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) perform various oncogenic or tumor suppressor functions in carcinogenesis. Currently, the underlying mechanisms of miRNAs in osteosarcoma (OS) are poorly understood. In the present study, it is demonstrated that expression of miR-544 was markedly upregulated in OS cells and clinical tissues. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-544 enhanced OS cell proliferation in vitro. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that miR-544 may target the 3′-untranslated region of axis formation inhibitor 2, which was validated using luciferase reporter gene assays. The present study demonstrated a vital role for miR-544 in promoting OS cell proliferation, indicating that it may represent a novel prognostic factor or therapeutic target for OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Yi Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, P.R. China
| | - Min-Qing Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Liang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, P.R. China
| | - Xing-Hua Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, P.R. China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, P.R. China
| | - Guang-Ming Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, P.R. China
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Gholamrezanezhad A, Basques K, Kosmas C. Peering beneath the surface: juxtacortical tumors of bone (part II). Clin Imaging 2018; 50:113-122. [PMID: 29353715 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Juxtacortical or surface tumors of bone are neoplasms arising from or just outside the cortex, and are composed of different histologic types. Although the imaging appearances of these lesions have similarities to their intramedullary counterparts, their location alters their radiographic and MR characteristics, creating difficulties in diagnosis. Meanwhile, several non-neoplastic lesions, such as stress reaction/stress fracture and indolent infectious processes, compound the differential diagnosis. Neoplastic juxtacortical lesions of bone have been classified into five categories: cartilaginous, fibrous, lipomatous, osseous, and metastatic tumors. Our goal in part two of this review is to illustrate the characteristic radiographic, CT and MR imaging features of various juxtacortical neoplasms, including pathognomonic imaging findings that can aid in diagnosis, and to develop an appropriate differential diagnosis for surface lesions based on imaging characteristics, lesion location and patient age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Gholamrezanezhad
- Department of Radiology, Cleveland Medical Center, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Kyle Basques
- Department of Radiology, Cleveland Medical Center, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Christos Kosmas
- Department of Radiology, Cleveland Medical Center, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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32
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Liu Y, Cheng Z, Pan F, Yan W. MicroRNA-373 Promotes Growth and Cellular Invasion in Osteosarcoma Cells by Activation of the PI3K/AKT-Rac1-JNK Pathway: The Potential Role in Spinal Osteosarcoma. Oncol Res 2017; 25:989-999. [PMID: 28244849 PMCID: PMC7841136 DOI: 10.3727/096504016x14813867762123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal osteosarcoma (OS) has been proven to be more difficult to treat owing to potently malignant metastasis. The present study aimed to explore the functional role of microRNA (miR)-373 in cell growth and invasion of OS cells, as well as its underlying mechanism. The expression of miR-373 was analyzed in spinal OS tissues and cell lines. MG-63 cells were transfected with the miR-373 mimic or inhibitor and/or treated with the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) (LY294002) inhibitor or Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac) guanosine triphosphate (GTPase) (NSC23766) inhibitor, and then the impact of miR-373 aberrant expression on cell growth and invasion was measured, along with the impact of overexpressing miR-373 on the expression of p53 and PI3K/AKT pathway-related proteins. We found that miR-373 was specifically upregulated in spinal OS tissues (p < 0.01) and OS cell lines (p < 0.01 or p < 0.001). Moreover, miR-373 expression was significantly associated with TNM stage (p = 0.035) and tumor size (p = 0.002). Overexpression of miR-373 promoted MG-63 cell viability, migration, invasion, and colony formation (all p < 0.05), while silencing of miR-373 and LY294002 exerted the opposite effects. Additionally, miR-373 overexpression downregulated p53 as well as its downstream targeted genes and orderly activated the PI3K/AKT-Rac1-JNK signaling pathway. In conclusion, miR-373 promotes growth and cellular invasion in OS cells by activating the PI3K/AKT-Rac1-JNK pathway. Therefore, miR-373 might be a candidate for molecular targeted therapy of spinal OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Liu
- *Spinal Surgery Dept1, Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital of Henan Province, Orthopedic Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zhengliang Cheng
- †The First Department of Orthopedics, Ankang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ankang, P.R. China
| | - Feng Pan
- ‡Department of Acupuncture and Physiotherapy, Maternal and Child Health Care of Zaozhuang, Zaozhuang, P.R. China
| | - Weigang Yan
- §Spinal Surgery Dept4, Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital of Henan Province, Orthopedic Hospital of Henan Province, Luoyang, P.R. China
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Wang Q, Liu H, Wang Q, Zhou F, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Ding H, Yuan M, Li F, Chen Y. Involvement of c-Fos in cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in osteosarcoma cells accompanied by altered expression of Wnt2 and Fzd9. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180558. [PMID: 28665975 PMCID: PMC5493424 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is an aggressive bone tumor, and proto-oncogene c-Fos is involved in this lethal disease. However, the role and molecular mechanism of c-Fos in the development and progression of OS remain enigmatic. As one of the Wnt family members, Wnt2 is closely associated with the development of several malignant tumors. In the present study, the expression of c-Fos, Wnt2, and its receptor Fzd9 in human OS tissues, MG63 OS cell line, and human osteoblast hFOB 1.19 cell line was detected by Western blot analysis, immunohistochemical staining, or reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The role of c-Fos in the OS was clarified by treating MG63 cells with small interfering RNA to knockdown c-Fos. Then, cell migration and invasion were assayed by transwell assays and wound healing assay; cell proliferation was assayed by MTS method and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine DNA proliferation in vitro detection; cell apoptosis was assayed by flow cytometric method. Co-immunoprecipitation kit was used to confirm the relationship between c-Fos and Wnt2/Fzd9. We found that the expression of c-Fos, Wnt2, and Fzd9 protein was distinctly higher in human OS tissues than that in the adjacent non-cancerous tissues, and their expression in the MG63 OS cell line was markedly increased compared with that in the human osteoblast hFOB 1.19 cell line. Knockdown of c-Fos inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of MG63 cells, and promoted the apoptosis of MG63 cells. Moreover, knockdown of c-Fos inhibited the expression of Wnt2 and Fzd9 mRNA and protein. Our data enforced the evidence that knockdown of c-Fos inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and promoted the apoptosis of OS cells accompanied by altered expression of Wnt2 and Fzd9. These findings offer new clues for OS development and progression, and c-Fos may be a potential therapeutic target for OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaozhen Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Huancai Liu
- Affiliated hospital, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Fenghua Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Yongxin Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Yawen Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Haoyu Ding
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Meng Yuan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Fengjie Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Yanchun Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
- * E-mail:
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Li WH, Wu HJ, Li YX, Pan HG, Meng T, Wang X. MicroRNA-143 promotes apoptosis of osteosarcoma cells by caspase-3 activation via targeting Bcl-2. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 80:8-15. [PMID: 27133034 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common malignant bone tumor. In recent years, although a lot of research in the mechanism of osteosarcoma development and metastasis had been done, the molecular mechanisms are still elusive. MicroRNAs (miRs), as small noncoding RNA sequences, are dysregulated in various diseases, including cancer, negatively modulating the target genes expression by posttranscriptional repression. MicroRNA-143 (miR-143) has been reported to be reduced in cancers, including pituitary, colorectal, prostate cancer and cervical. We were aimed to detect the effects of miR-143 on osteosarcoma cell invasion and migration as well as to indicate the potential molecular mechanisms by which miR-143 regulated osteosarcoma. After miR-143 transfection, the cancer cells migration and invasion were examined. And Western blot, RT-PCR, flow cytometry and immunochemistry assays were performed to analyze the role of miR-143 in osteosarcoma progression. The results suggested that miR-143 expressed lessly in osteosarcoma cell lines and could suppress cell migration and invasion in U2-OS and MG-63 cells. To our knowledge, it was the first time to target Bcl-2 directly to explore the underlying mechanism by which miR-143 performed its role to induce apoptosis in tumor cells, thus improving osteosarcoma progression. The present study indicated that miR-143 could inhibit Bcl-2 expression, causing Caspas3 activation, thus inducing apoptosis in osteosarcoma cells. MiR-143 may therefore sreve as a potential biomarker for osteosarcoma, and the regulation of its expression might be a novel therapeutic strategy for osteosarcoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hua Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China
| | - Hao-Jie Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China
| | - Yu-Xia Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China
| | - Hua-Gang Pan
- Department of Orthopedics, Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China
| | - Tao Meng
- Department of Orthopedics, Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China.
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