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STROIAN PI. Emotional Needs and Schematic Functioning in Depression: A Narrative Review. JOURNAL OF EVIDENCE-BASED PSYCHOTHERAPIES 2021. [DOI: 10.24193/jebp.2021.1.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
"Grounded in cognitive theory, the schema therapy model of psychopathology
proposes a set of maladaptive cognitive structures, called early maladaptive
schemas, resulting from the invalidation of emotional needs. More recently,
the schema therapy model has been adapted for use with depressed clients.
However, the utility of addressing emotional needs in the psychotherapeutic
treatment of depression has not been established. The present paper aims to
provide a narrative review of the current literature on basic needs as
motivational factors in depression and their relation to schematic
functioning. Theoretical considerations and practical evidence on the use of
constructs related to basic motivation in depression are drawn from the
literature on the cognitive and schema therapy-based models of depression.
The implications for the theoretical understanding of needs are discussed, as
are future directions for the research of schematic functioning in depression."
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula I. STROIAN
- Evidence-Based Assessment and Psychological Interventions” Doctoral School, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania The International Institute for the Advanced Studies of Psychotherapy and Applied Mental Health, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania"
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Soderlund PD, Martinez Hollingsworth AS, Heilemann MV. Participant Engagement in a Transmedia Storytelling Web-Based App Intervention for Mental Health of Latina Women: Qualitative Analysis. JMIR Ment Health 2021; 8:e22575. [PMID: 33439137 PMCID: PMC7840278 DOI: 10.2196/22575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stigma, fear, and lack of knowledge regarding treatment options or where to get help create delays for Latina women in accessing needed mental health help. Story-based media interventions hold appeal for Latina women. Thus, we drew upon the Social Cognitive Theory by Bandura to create an evidence-based, transmedia storytelling web-based app for mental health called Catalina: Confronting My Emotions to connect Latina women to a curated set of mental health resources. Understanding how Latina women perceive various aspects of the web-based app will help design future expansions. OBJECTIVE A previously published analysis led to the development of a category on how participants related to the lead character (Catalina) in the story line of the web-based app as a real person. However, the purpose of this analysis was to gain an understanding of participants' experiences with the extension of the dramatic story line of the web-based app beyond Catalina to a Latina nurse-therapist character named Veronica, who was featured prominently in the app's interactive content and bonus videos. METHODS Qualitative analyses were conducted with interview data from a community-based sample of 28 English-speaking Latina women aged between 21 and 50 years who scored above the threshold for anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7) and/or depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9) but were not suicidal at screening. Data were collected 72 hours after participants engaged with our transmedia storytelling web-based app for mental health. Grounded theory methodology guided the analysis and interpretation of data that had been collected telephonically, recorded, and transcribed with identifiers removed. Analyses included initial and focused coding using process codes (gerund form of verbs in codes focused on action), informed by symbolic interactionism, and the development of categories with properties through constant comparison, memo writing, and the use of charts and diagrams. RESULTS Our participants experienced a multiphase process that was most heavily related to Veronica, the Latina nurse-therapist character in our web-based app, who led them through a process to a place of action. We conceptualized this process as moving from passive viewer to active participant of a transmedia storytelling web-based app intervention. Overall, 3 new conceptual categories provided insight into women's experiences, including encountering a trustworthy nurse-therapist character, taking in messages that dispel old beliefs, and preparing when and how to take action. Each category has nuanced properties that reflect participants' experiences. CONCLUSIONS Active engagement with our web-based app led our sample to successfully transition from the viewpoint of the observer to the viewpoint of the experiencer, moving from a passive position of watching to active engagement that involved imagining, thinking, reflecting, and acting. Careful development of dramatic material for health-related web-based apps using transmedia story extension and bonus videos needs to be based on input from the target group from the start of development through evaluation and testing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adrienne S Martinez Hollingsworth
- Department of Internal Medicine, UCLA School of Medicine, National Clinician Scholars Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - MarySue V Heilemann
- School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Rodriguez A, Ratanasiripong P, Hardaway K, Barron L, Toyama S. Latinx College Students: How Schemas and Attachments Impact Depression and Relationship Satisfaction. HISPANIC JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/0739986320910165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Latinx college students face challenges regarding depression. The relationships between early maladaptive schemas (EMS) and attachment style on depression and relationship satisfaction were investigated among 236 Latinx college student participants. The Young Schema Questionnaire–Short Form (YSQ-S3) total score was utilized to identify overall schema. Significant correlations were found. Overall schema, attachment anxiety, attachment avoidance, and depression were all positively correlated, while attachment anxiety, attachment avoidance, and depression were negatively correlated with relationship satisfaction. In multiple regression analyses, Model 1, overall schema and attachment anxiety significantly predicted depression. In Model 2, overall schema, attachment anxiety, and attachment avoidance significantly predicted relationship satisfaction, with EMS acting as a positive predictor. Results suggest that Latinx college students with EMS and anxious attachment style endorse more depression, while the influence of EMS and attachment style on relationship satisfaction needs to be further investigated. Considerations for the use of schema therapy and future research are discussed.
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Jalali F, Hasani A, Hashemi SF, Kimiaei SA, Babaei A. Cognitive Group Therapy Based on Schema-Focused Approach for Reducing Depression in Prisoners Living With HIV. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OFFENDER THERAPY AND COMPARATIVE CRIMINOLOGY 2019; 63:276-288. [PMID: 29938557 DOI: 10.1177/0306624x18784185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Depression is one the most common mental disorders in prisons. People living with HIV are more likely to develop psychological difficulties when compared with the general population. This study aims to determine the efficacy of cognitive group therapy based on schema-focused approach in reducing depression in prisoners living with HIV. The design of this study was between-groups (or "independent measures"). It was conducted with pretest, posttest, and waiting list control group. The research population comprised all prisoners living with HIV in a men's prison in Iran. Based on voluntary desire, screening, and inclusion criteria, 42 prisoners living with HIV participated in this study. They were randomly assigned to an experimental group (21 prisoners) and waiting list control group (21 prisoners). The experimental group received 11 sessions of schema-focused cognitive group therapy, while the waiting list control group received the treatment after the completion of the study. The various groups were evaluated in terms of depression. ANCOVA models were employed to test the study hypotheses. Collated results indicated that depression was reduced among prisoners in the experimental group. Schema therapy (ST) could reduce depression among prisoners living with HIV/AIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Jalali
- 1 Negahe Mosbat Social Health Institute, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | | | | | - Ali Babaei
- 3 Educational and Research Centre, District VI of State Prisons, Mashhad, Iran
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Roediger E, Zarbock G, Frank-Noyon E, Hinrichs J, Arntz A. The effectiveness of imagery work in schema therapy with couples: a clinical experiment comparing the effects of imagery rescripting and cognitive interventions in brief schema couples therapy. SEXUAL AND RELATIONSHIP THERAPY 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/14681994.2018.1529411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gerhard Zarbock
- Hamburg Institute for Behaviour Therapy (IVAH), Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Arnoud Arntz
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Körük S, Özabacı N. Şema Terapinin Depresif Bozuklukların Tedavisindeki Etkililiği: Bir Meta-Analiz. PSIKIYATRIDE GUNCEL YAKLASIMLAR - CURRENT APPROACHES IN PSYCHIATRY 2018. [DOI: 10.18863/pgy.361790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Heilemann MV, Soderlund PD, Kehoe P, Brecht ML. A Transmedia Storytelling Intervention With Interactive Elements to Benefit Latinas' Mental Health: Feasibility, Acceptability, and Efficacy. JMIR Ment Health 2017; 4:e47. [PMID: 29051135 PMCID: PMC5668652 DOI: 10.2196/mental.8571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Latinos report higher rates of depression and anxiety than US whites but are less likely to receive care. Transmedia storytelling interventions accessible on the Internet via smartphones, tablets, and computers hold promise for reducing reluctance to explore or get help for symptoms because they are private, convenient, and can reach large numbers of people, including Latinas with mental health needs. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of a mental health transmedia intervention for Latinas with elevated symptoms of depression, anxiety, or both. METHODS A total of 28 symptomatic English-speaking Latina women aged 21 to 48 years participated in a 6-week study using a within-group design. All aspects of the study were completed via telephone or Internet. Participants used their personal devices to engage the Web-based transmedia intervention (in English) that included story-based videos, a data-informed psychotherapeutic video, an interactive video sequence, and a blog written from the point of view of one of the characters with links to mental health resources. Perceived confidence to get help and perceived importance for seeking immediate help were both measured using single-item questions. Participants completed surveys at baseline (via telephone) and 1 and 6 weeks after media engagement that measured various factors, including depression (Patient Health Questionnaire; PHQ-9 and PHQ-8) and anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale; GAD-7). A telephone interview was conducted within 72 hours of media engagement. Action taken or intentions to get help (single-item question) and talking about the videos with others (single-item question) were measured 1 and 6 weeks after media engagement. Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to assess change in depression (PHQ-8) and anxiety (GAD-7) before transmedia engagement and 1 and 6 weeks after. Spearman correlations evaluated the association of confidence and importance of getting help with action taken, anxiety, and depression. RESULTS All 28 Latinas (English speakers) who engaged with the transmedia remained in the 6-week study. Within 1 week of transmedia engagement, 39% of women took action to get help, and 82% discussed the media with others. Symptoms of depression (F2,54=9.0, P<.001) and anxiety (F2,54=18.7, P<.001) significantly reduced across time. Higher levels of confidence were significantly associated with actions taken at 1 (P=.005) and 6 weeks (P=.04), and higher levels of importance were significantly associated with actions taken at 1 (P=.009) and 6 weeks (P=.003). Higher levels of confidence were associated with lower levels of depression (P=.04) and anxiety (P=.01) at 6 weeks. CONCLUSIONS Preliminary findings indicate a culturally tailored mental health transmedia intervention is a feasible approach that holds promise for engaging large numbers of symptomatic English-speaking Latina women to begin the process of seeking help, as well as decreasing symptoms of anxiety and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- MarySue V Heilemann
- School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Patricia D Soderlund
- School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Priscilla Kehoe
- School of Nursing, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Mary-Lynn Brecht
- School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Freira S, Lemos MS, Williams G, Ribeiro M, Pena F, Machado MDC. Effect of Motivational Interviewing on depression scale scores of adolescents with obesity and overweight. Psychiatry Res 2017; 252:340-345. [PMID: 28327447 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The aim of this study was to compare the effect of motivational interview (MI) with conventional care on the depression scale scores of adolescents with obesity/overweight. It was a controlled cluster randomized trial with parallel design, including two groups: intervention group [Motivational Interview Group (MIG)], control group [Conventional Intervention Group (CIG)]. INTERVENTION three face-to-face 30min' interviews three months apart (only MIG interviews were based on MI principles). OUTCOMES change in Children Depression Inventory (CDI) scores. We used a mixed repeated-measures ANOVAs analysis to assess the group vs time interaction. Effect size was calculated for ANOVA with difference of means of the total score (DOMTS). CDI scores were compared by a paired t-test. Eighty-three (84%) adolescents finished the intervention. There was a significant time vs group interaction both groups. While in the CIG scores significantly increased, in the MIG the scores significantly decreased. The DOMTS was significantly different between the two groups. We concluded that MI showed a positive effect on depression scale scores over time relatively to conventional intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Freira
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Hospital de Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-035 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Marina Serra Lemos
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 535, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Geoffrey Williams
- University of Rochester Medical Center, 46 Prince St., Ste 3001, Rochester, NY 14617, United States.
| | - Marta Ribeiro
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Hospital de Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-035 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Fernanda Pena
- Unit of Continuing Care, Largo da Mundet - Bairro Novo, 2840-264 Seixal, Portugal.
| | - Maria do Céu Machado
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Hospital de Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-035 Lisboa, Portugal.
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Heilemann MV, Pieters HC, Dornig K. Reflections of Low-Income, Second-Generation Latinas About Experiences in Depression Therapy. QUALITATIVE HEALTH RESEARCH 2016; 26:1351-65. [PMID: 26825479 PMCID: PMC4966920 DOI: 10.1177/1049732315624411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Depression is higher among second-generation Latinas compared with immigrants, but mental health treatment is stigmatized. Therefore, second-generation Latinas were interviewed after completing an eight-session depression treatment program to gain insight on what they found valuable about their therapy experiences. Constructivist grounded theory guided data collection and analysis which showed that women valued treatment more when they recognized their needs were being met, the therapist was a worthy copilot, and the program's structure had flexibility. Four processes were considered important to their work in therapy: understanding feelings about past events, seeing patterns, accepting self, and changing family patterns but still being "family." Post therapy, women valued their enhanced confidence and a "toolbelt" of techniques they gained for self-treatment. These findings have implications for designing future depression treatment programs that are more likely to be desirable and effective for the growing subgroup of underserved second-generation Latinas in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Katrina Dornig
- University of California, Los Angeles, California, CA, USA
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Collado A, Lim AC, MacPherson L. A systematic review of depression psychotherapies among Latinos. Clin Psychol Rev 2016; 45:193-209. [PMID: 27113679 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
For decades, the literature has reported persistent treatment disparities among depressed Latinos. Fortunately, treatment development and evaluation in this underserved population has expanded in recent years. This review summarizes outcomes across 36 unique depression treatment studies that reported treatment outcomes for Latinos. Results indicated that there was significant variability in the quality of RCT and type/number of cultural adaptations. The review suggested that there might a relation between cultural adaptations with treatment outcomes; future studies are warranted to confirm this association. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy was the most evaluated treatment (CBT; n=18, 50% of all evaluations), followed by Problem Solving Therapy (PST; n=4), Interpersonal Therapy (IPT; n=4), and Behavioral Activation (BA; n=3). CBT seems to fare better when compared to usual care, but not when compared to a contact-time matched control condition or active treatment. There is growing support for PST and IPT as efficacious depression interventions among Latinos. IPT shows particularly positive results for perinatal depression. BA warrants additional examination in RCT. Although scarce, telephone and in-home counseling have shown efficacy in reducing depression and increasing retention. Promotora-assisted trials require formal assessment. Limitations and future directions of the depression psychotherapy research among Latinos are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anahí Collado
- Emory University, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 12 Executive Park Drive NE, suite 300, Atlanta, GA 30329, United States.
| | - Aaron C Lim
- University of California - Los Angeles, Department of Psychology, 1285 Franz Hall, Box 951563, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States.
| | - Laura MacPherson
- University of Maryland - College Park, Department of Psychology, 2103 Cole Activities Fieldhouse, College Park, MD 20742, United States.
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Antoniades J, Mazza D, Brijnath B. Efficacy of depression treatments for immigrant patients: results from a systematic review. BMC Psychiatry 2014; 14:176. [PMID: 24930429 PMCID: PMC4084503 DOI: 10.1186/1471-244x-14-176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The unprecedented rates of global migration present unique challenges to mental health services in migrant receiving countries to provide efficacious and culturally salient treatment for mental health conditions including depression. This review aimed to identify and evaluate the effectiveness of depression interventions specifically directed towards first-generation immigrant populations. METHODS We conducted a systematic review of original research published between 2000 and 2013 that investigated depression interventions in first generation immigrants. RESULTS Fifteen studies were included; the majority focused on Latino immigrants living in the United States (US). Twelve studies investigated the use of psychotherapies; the remainder examined collaborative care models and physical exercise-based interventions. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Behavioral Activation tended to improve depressive symptoms, especially when culturally adapted to suit clients while Problem Solving Therapy improved depressive symptomology with and without adaptations. Collaborative care and exercise did not significantly improve depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION Depression may be effectively treated by means of psychotherapies, especially when treatments are culturally adapted. However the reviewed studies were limited due to methodological weaknesses and were predominantly undertaken in the US with Latino patients. To improve generalizability, future research should be undertaken in non-US settings, amongst diverse ethnic groups and utilize larger sample sizes in either randomized clinical trials or observational cohort studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefine Antoniades
- Department of General Practice, Monash University, Building 1, 270 Ferntree Gully Rd, Notting Hill, VIC 3168, Australia.
| | - Danielle Mazza
- Department of General Practice, Monash University, Building 1, 270 Ferntree Gully Rd, Notting Hill, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Bianca Brijnath
- Department of General Practice, Monash University, Building 1, 270 Ferntree Gully Rd, Notting Hill, VIC 3168, Australia
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Mander JV, Jacob GA, Götz L, Sammet I, Zipfel S, Teufel M. Associations between Grawe's general mechanisms of change and Young's early maladaptive schemas in psychotherapy research: A comparative study of change processes. Psychother Res 2014; 25:249-62. [DOI: 10.1080/10503307.2014.889330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Hawke LD, Provencher MD, Parikh SV. Schema therapy for bipolar disorder: a conceptual model and future directions. J Affect Disord 2013; 148:118-22. [PMID: 23218898 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2012.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Schema therapy (ST) is an integrative form of psychotherapy developed for complex, chronic psychological disorders with a characterlogical underpinning. Bipolar disorder is just such a disorder--complex and often comorbid, with demonstrated stable cognitive and personality features that complicate the course of illness. This article presents the reasons justifying the application of ST to bipolar disorder and proposes a treatment rationale and future directions for treatment and research. If well adapted to the characteristics of bipolar disorder, ST might prove to be an effective adjunctive psychotherapy option that attenuates emotional reactivity, reduces symptoms and improves quality of life.
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Agentic and Communal Personality Traits: Their Associations with Depression and Resilience among Transgender Women. SEX ROLES 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11199-012-0202-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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