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Maxwell EM, Garber LA, Rogers CJ, Galgano AJ, Baker JS, Kaleem H, Boyle DT, Berry JL, Baber AE. Desorption trends of small alcohols and the disruption of intermolecular interactions at defect sites on Au(111). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:23884-23892. [PMID: 36165463 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05509g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Gold-based catalysts have received tremendous attention as supports and nanoparticles for heterogeneous catalysis, in part due to the ability of nanoscale Au to catalyze reactions at low temperatures in oxidative environments. Surface defects are known active sites for low temperature Au chemistry, so a full understanding of the interplay between intermolecular interactions and surface morphology is essential to an advanced understanding of catalytic behavior and efficiency. In a systematic study to better understand the adsorption and intermolecular behavior of small alcohols (C1-C4) on Au(111) defect sites, coverage studies of methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, and isobutanol have been conducted on Au(111) using ultrahigh vacuum temperature programmed desorption (UHV-TPD). These small alcohols molecularly adsorb on the Au(111) surface and high resolution experiments reveal distinct terrace, step edge, and kink adsorption features for each molecule. The hydrogen-bonded (H-bonded) networks of small alcohols on Au(111), except for 1-butanol and isobutanol, have been previously imaged on the molecular level at low temperatures by scanning tunneling microscopy. Primary C1-C3 alcohols exhibit planar H-bonded long extended zigzag chain networks while 2-butanol arranges in tetramer clusters of H-bonded molecules due to steric hindrance inhibiting the proximity of molecules on Au(111). Herein, the desorption energy of small primary alcohols was shown to trend linearly with increasing C1-C4 carbon chain length, indicating that the H-bonded molecular packing of 1-butanol resembles that of methanol, ethanol, and 1-propanol, while isobutanol and 2-butanol deviate from the trend. Butanol isomer studies allow the prediction of isobutanol long extended chains in contrast to tetramers. The distinction between the desorption of butanol isomers highlights the role of intermolecular interactions due to the difference in molecular packing structures on Au(111). Furthermore, by studying the energetics of terrace H-bonded networks in comparison with molecular adsorption at undercoordinated step edge and kink defect sites, it is shown that the contribution of stabilizing van der Waals forces to the overall adsorption energy is less for small alcohols adsorbed at kink sites (3.1 kJ mol-1 per CH2) and similar for those adsorbed at step edge (4.8 kJ mol-1 per CH2) and Au terrace sites (4.9 kJ mol-1 per CH2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric M Maxwell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA 22807, USA.
| | - Lyssa A Garber
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA 22807, USA.
| | - Clayton J Rogers
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA 22807, USA.
| | - Ava J Galgano
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA 22807, USA.
| | - Jordon S Baker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA 22807, USA. .,Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Hasan Kaleem
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA 22807, USA.
| | - David T Boyle
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA 22807, USA. .,Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jessica L Berry
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA 22807, USA.
| | - Ashleigh E Baber
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA 22807, USA.
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Wang J, Ma Y, Mahapatra M, Kang J, Senanayake SD, Tong X, Stacchiola DJ, White MG. Surface structure of mass-selected niobium oxide nanoclusters on Au(111). NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:475601. [PMID: 34380123 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac1cc0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The structures formed by the deposition of mass-selected niobium oxide clusters, Nb3Oy(y = 5, 6, 7), onto Au(111) were studied by scanning tunneling microscopy. The as-deposited Nb3O7clusters assemble into large dendritic structures that grow on the terraces as well as extend from the top and bottom of step edges. The Nb3O6cluster also forms dendritic assemblies but they are generally much smaller in size. The assemblies are composed of smaller discrete structures (<1 nm) which are likely to be single clusters. The dendritic assemblies for both the Nb3O7and Nb3O6clusters have fractal dimensions of about 1.7 which is very close to that expected for simple diffusion limited aggregation. Annealing the Nb3O7,6/Au(111) surfaces up to 550 K results in changes in assembly sizes and increases in heights, while heating to 700 results in the disruption of the assemblies into smaller structures. By contrast, the as-deposited Nb3O5/Au(111) surface at RT exhibits compact cluster structures which become 3D nanoparticles when annealed above 550 K. Differences in the observed surface structures and thermal stability are attributed to differences in metal-oxygen stoichiometry which can influence cluster binding energies, mobility and inter-cluster interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook 11794 NY, United States of America
| | - Yilin Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook 11794 NY, United States of America
| | - Mausumi Mahapatra
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton 11973 NY, United States of America
| | - Jindong Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook 11794 NY, United States of America
| | - Sanjaya D Senanayake
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton 11973 NY, United States of America
| | - Xiao Tong
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton 11973 NY, United States of America
| | - Dario J Stacchiola
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton 11973 NY, United States of America
| | - Michael G White
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook 11794 NY, United States of America
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton 11973 NY, United States of America
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Goodman KR, Wang J, Ma Y, Tong X, Stacchiola DJ, White MG. Morphology and reactivity of size-selected titanium oxide nanoclusters on Au(111). J Chem Phys 2020; 152:054714. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5134453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth R. Goodman
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - Jason Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - Yilin Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - Xiao Tong
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - Dario J. Stacchiola
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - Michael G. White
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
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