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Kuttassery F, Ohsaki Y, Thomas A, Kamata R, Ebato Y, Kumagai H, Nakazato R, Sebastian A, Mathew S, Tachibana H, Ishitani O, Inoue H. A Molecular Z-Scheme Artificial Photosynthetic System Under the Bias-Free Condition for CO 2 Reduction Coupled with Two-electron Water Oxidation: Photocatalytic Production of CO/HCOOH and H 2 O 2. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202308956. [PMID: 37493175 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202308956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Bio-inspired molecular-engineered systems have been extensively investigated for the half-reactions of H2 O oxidation or CO2 reduction with sacrificial electron donors/acceptors. However, there has yet to be reported a device for dye-sensitized molecular photoanodes coupled with molecular photocathodes in an aqueous solution without the use of sacrificial reagents. Herein, we will report the integration of SnIV - or AlIII -tetrapyridylporphyrin (SnTPyP or AlTPyP) decorated tin oxide particles (SnTPyP/SnO2 or AlTPyP/SnO2 ) photoanode with the dye-sensitized molecular photocathode on nickel oxide particles containing [Ru(diimine)3 ]2+ as the light-harvesting unit and [Ru(diimine)(CO)2 Cl2 ] as the catalyst unit covalently connected and fixed within poly-pyrrole layer (RuCAT-RuC2 -PolyPyr-PRu/NiO). The simultaneous irradiation of the two photoelectrodes with visible light resulted in H2 O2 on the anode and CO, HCOOH, and H2 on the cathode with high Faradaic efficiencies in purely aqueous conditions without any applied bias is the first example of artificial photosynthesis with only two-electron redox reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yutaka Ohsaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Arun Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, St. Stephen's College, Uzhavoor, Kerala, 686634, India
| | - Ryutaro Kamata
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-NE-1 O-okayama, Meguro, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Yosuke Ebato
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-NE-1 O-okayama, Meguro, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Hiromu Kumagai
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Nakazato
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Abin Sebastian
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Siby Mathew
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tachibana
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Osamu Ishitani
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-NE-1 O-okayama, Meguro, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Haruo Inoue
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
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Kuramochi Y, Suzuki Y, Asai S, Suzuki T, Iwama H, Asano MS, Satake A. Significance of the connecting position between Zn(ii) porphyrin and Re(i) bipyridine tricarbonyl complex units in dyads for room-temperature phosphorescence and photocatalytic CO 2 reduction: unexpected enhancement by triethanolamine in catalytic activity. Chem Sci 2023; 14:8743-8765. [PMID: 37621430 PMCID: PMC10445468 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc02430j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
We synthesized three new dyads composed of a Zn porphyrin and fac-Re(bpy)(CO)3Br (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine) units, ZnP-nBpy[double bond, length as m-dash]ReBr (n = 4, 5, and 6), in which the porphyrin is directly connected at the meso-position through the 4-, 5-, or 6-position of the bpy. We investigated the relationships between the connecting positions and the photophysical properties as well as catalytic activity in the CO2 reduction reaction. The dyad connected through the 6-position, ZnP-6Bpy[double bond, length as m-dash]ReBr, showed obvious phosphorescence with a lifetime of 280 μs at room temperature, in N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMA), whereas the other two dyads showed almost no phosphorescence under the same conditions. The photocatalytic CO2 reduction reactions in DMA using 1,3-dimethyl-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzo[d]imidazole as the electron donor and the three dyads ZnP-nBpy[double bond, length as m-dash]ReBr selectively produced CO with similar initial rates, but the durabilities were low. The addition of triethanolamine (TEOA) suppressed the decomposition of dyads, improving their durabilities and reaction efficiencies. In particular, ZnP-5Bpy[double bond, length as m-dash]ReBr was remarkably improved-it gave the highest durability and reaction efficiency among the three dyads; the reaction quantum yield reached 24%. The reason for this significant activity is no accumulation of electrons on the Zn porphyrin in ZnP-5Bpy[double bond, length as m-dash]ReBr, which would be caused by dual interactions of TEOA with the Re and Zn ions in the dyad. As the highest catalytic activity was observed in ZnP-5Bpy[double bond, length as m-dash]ReBr among the three dyads, which had no room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP), the catalytic activities and RTP properties are considered independent, but they are greatly influenced by the connecting positions on the bpy ligand in ZnP-nBpy[double bond, length as m-dash]ReBr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kuramochi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo University of Science 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 162-8621 Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Division II, Tokyo University of Science 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 162-8621 Japan
| | - Yuto Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo University of Science 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 162-8621 Japan
| | - Somyo Asai
- Division of Molecular Science, School of Science and Technology, Gunma University 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho Kiryu Gunma 376-8515 Japan
| | - Tomohiro Suzuki
- Division of Molecular Science, School of Science and Technology, Gunma University 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho Kiryu Gunma 376-8515 Japan
| | - Hiroki Iwama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science Division I, Tokyo University of Science 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 162-8621 Japan
| | - Motoko S Asano
- Division of Molecular Science, School of Science and Technology, Gunma University 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho Kiryu Gunma 376-8515 Japan
| | - Akiharu Satake
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo University of Science 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 162-8621 Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Division II, Tokyo University of Science 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 162-8621 Japan
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3
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Saito D, Tamaki Y, Ishitani O. Photocatalysis of CO 2 Reduction by a Ru(II)–Ru(II) Supramolecular Catalyst Adsorbed on Al 2O 3. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c06247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Saito
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama 2-12-1-NE-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Yusuke Tamaki
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama 2-12-1-NE-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Osamu Ishitani
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama 2-12-1-NE-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739 8526, Japan
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Molecular Characteristics of Water-Insoluble Tin-Porphyrins for Designing the One-Photon-Induced Two-Electron Oxidation of Water in Artificial Photosynthesis. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041882. [PMID: 36838871 PMCID: PMC9963784 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Faced with the new stage of water oxidation by molecular catalysts (MCs) in artificial photosynthesis to overcome the bottle neck issue, the "Photon-flux density problem of sunlight," a two-electron oxidation process forming H2O2 in place of the conventional four-electron oxidation evolving O2 has attracted much attention. The molecular characteristics of tin(IV)-tetrapyridylporphyrin (SnTPyP), as one of the most promising MCs for the two-electron water oxidation, has been studied in detail. The protolytic equilibria among nine species of SnTPyP, with eight pKa values on the axial ligands' water molecules and peripheral pyridyl nitrogen atoms in both the ground and excited states, have been clarified through the measurements of UV-vis, fluorescence, 1H NMR, and dynamic fluorescence decay behaviour. The oxidation potentials in the Pourbaix diagram and spin densities by DFT calculation of the one-electron oxidized form of each nine species have predicted that the fully deprotonated species ([SnTPyP(O-)2]2-) and the singly deprotonated one ([SnTPyP(OH)(O-)]-) serve as the most favourable MCs for visible light-induced two-electron water oxidation when they are adsorbed on TiO2 for H2 formation or SnO2 for Z-scheme CO2 reduction in the molecular catalyst sensitized system of artificial photosynthesis.
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Cheng H, Wang J, Yang Y, Shi H, Shi J, Jiao X, Han P, Yao X, Chen W, Wei X, Chu PK, Zhang X. Ti 3 C 2 T X MXene Modified with ZnTCPP with Bacteria Capturing Capability and Enhanced Visible Light Photocatalytic Antibacterial Activity. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2200857. [PMID: 35657068 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202200857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Light-assisted antibacterial therapy is a promising alternative to antibiotic therapy due to the high antibacterial efficacy without bacterial resistance. Recent research has mainly focused on the use of near-infrared light irradiation to kill bacteria by taking advantage of the synergistic effects rendered by hyperthermia and radical oxygen species. However, photocatalytic antibacterial therapy excited by visible light is more convenient and practical, especially for wounds. Herein, a visible light responsive organic-inorganic hybrid of ZnTCPP/Ti3 C2 TX is designed and fabricated to treat bacterial infection with antibacterial efficiency of 99.86% and 99.92% within 10 min against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, respectively. The porphyrin-metal complex, ZnTCPP, is assembled on the surface of Ti3 C2 TX MXene to capture bacteria electrostatically and the Schottky junction formed between Ti3 C2 TX and ZnTCPP promotes visible light utilization, accelerates charge separation, and enhances the mobility of photogenerated charges, and finally increases the photocatalytic activity. As a result of the excellent bacteria capturing ability and photocatalytic antibacterial effects, ZnTCPP/Ti3 C2 TX exposed to visible light has excellent antibacterial properties in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, organic-inorganic materials that have been demonstrated to possess good biocompatibility and enhance wound healing have large potential in bio-photocatalysis, antibacterial therapy, as well as antibiotics-free treatment of wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Cheng
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Biomedical Metal Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, P. R. China
| | - Jiameng Wang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Biomedical Metal Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, P. R. China
| | - Yongqiang Yang
- National Graphene Products Quality Inspection and Testing Center (Jiangsu), Special Equipment Safety Supervision Inspection Institute of Jiangsu Province, Yanxin Road 330, Wuxi, 214174, P. R. China
| | - Huixian Shi
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Biomedical Metal Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, P. R. China
| | - Jing Shi
- Analytical Instrumentation Center, State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of coal chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, 030001, P. R. China
| | - Xiong Jiao
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, P. R. China
| | - Peide Han
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohong Yao
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Biomedical Metal Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, P. R. China
| | - Weiyi Chen
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, P. R. China
| | - Xiaochun Wei
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, Department of Orthopedics, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, P. R. China
| | - Paul K Chu
- Department of Physics, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Biomedical Metal Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, P. R. China
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, P. R. China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, Department of Orthopedics, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, P. R. China
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Nikoloudakis E, López-Duarte I, Charalambidis G, Ladomenou K, Ince M, Coutsolelos AG. Porphyrins and phthalocyanines as biomimetic tools for photocatalytic H 2 production and CO 2 reduction. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:6965-7045. [PMID: 35686606 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00183g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The increasing energy demand and environmental issues caused by the over-exploitation of fossil fuels render the need for renewable, clean, and environmentally benign energy sources unquestionably urgent. The zero-emission energy carrier, H2 is an ideal alternative to carbon-based fuels especially when it is generated photocatalytically from water. Additionally, the photocatalytic conversion of CO2 into chemical fuels can reduce the CO2 emissions and have a positive environmental and economic impact. Inspired by natural photosynthesis, plenty of artificial photocatalytic schemes based on porphyrinoids have been investigated. This review covers the recent advances in photocatalytic H2 production and CO2 reduction systems containing porphyrin or phthalocyanine derivatives. The unique properties of porphyrinoids enable their utilization both as chromophores and as catalysts. The homogeneous photocatalytic systems are initially described, presenting the various approaches for the improvement of photosensitizing activity and the enhancement of catalytic performance at the molecular level. On the other hand, for the development of the heterogeneous systems, numerous methods were employed such as self-assembled supramolecular porphyrinoid nanostructures, construction of organic frameworks, combination with 2D materials and adsorption onto semiconductors. The dye sensitization on semiconductors opened the way for molecular-based dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical cells (DSPECs) devices based on porphyrins and phthalocyanines. The research in photocatalytic systems as discussed herein remains challenging since there are still many limitations making them unfeasible to be used at a large scale application before finding a large-scale application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanouil Nikoloudakis
- University of Crete, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Voutes Campus, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
| | - Ismael López-Duarte
- Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Georgios Charalambidis
- University of Crete, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Voutes Campus, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
| | - Kalliopi Ladomenou
- International Hellenic University, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Agios Loucas, 65404, Kavala Campus, Greece.
| | - Mine Ince
- Department of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Tarsus University, Mersin, Turkey.
| | - Athanassios G Coutsolelos
- University of Crete, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Voutes Campus, Heraklion, Crete, Greece. .,Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL) Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH), Vassilika Vouton, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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7
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Kou Y, Nabetani Y, Nakazato R, Pratheesh NV, Sato T, Nozawa S, Adachi SI, Tachibana H, Inoue H. Mechanism of the photoreduction of carbon dioxide catalyzed by the benchmarking rhenium dimethylbipyridine complexes; operando measurements by XAFS and FT-IR. J Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2021.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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8
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Nandal N, Jain SL. A review on progress and perspective of molecular catalysis in photoelectrochemical reduction of CO2. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Pirzada BM, Dar AH, Shaikh MN, Qurashi A. Reticular-Chemistry-Inspired Supramolecule Design as a Tool to Achieve Efficient Photocatalysts for CO 2 Reduction. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:29291-29324. [PMID: 34778605 PMCID: PMC8581999 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalytic CO2 reduction into C1 products is one of the most trending research subjects of current times as sustainable energy generation is the utmost need of the hour. In this review, we have tried to comprehensively summarize the potential of supramolecule-based photocatalysts for CO2 reduction into C1 compounds. At the outset, we have thrown light on the inert nature of gaseous CO2 and the various challenges researchers are facing in its reduction. The evolution of photocatalysts used for CO2 reduction, from heterogeneous catalysis to supramolecule-based molecular catalysis, and subsequent semiconductor-supramolecule hybrid catalysis has been thoroughly discussed. Since CO2 is thermodynamically a very stable molecule, a huge reduction potential is required to undergo its one- or multielectron reduction. For this reason, various supramolecule photocatalysts were designed involving a photosensitizer unit and a catalyst unit connected by a linker. Later on, solid semiconductor support was also introduced in this supramolecule system to achieve enhanced durability, structural compactness, enhanced charge mobility, and extra overpotential for CO2 reduction. Reticular chemistry is seen to play a pivotal role as it allows bringing all of the positive features together from various components of this hybrid semiconductor-supramolecule photocatalyst system. Thus, here in this review, we have discussed the selection and role of various components, viz. the photosensitizer component, the catalyst component, the linker, the semiconductor support, the anchoring ligands, and the peripheral ligands for the design of highly performing CO2 reduction photocatalysts. The selection and role of various sacrificial electron donors have also been highlighted. This review is aimed to help researchers reach an understanding that may translate into the development of excellent CO2 reduction photocatalysts that are operational under visible light and possess superior activity, efficiency, and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Masood Pirzada
- Department
of Chemistry, Khalifa University of Science
and Technology (KU), Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emiratus
- ,
| | - Arif Hassan Dar
- Institute
of NanoScience and Technology (INST), Mohali 160062, India
| | - M. Nasiruzzaman Shaikh
- Interdisciplinary
Research Center for Hydrogen and Energy Storage (IRC-HES), King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahsanulhaq Qurashi
- Department
of Chemistry, Khalifa University of Science
and Technology (KU), Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emiratus
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Kuttassery F, Kumagai H, Kamata R, Ebato Y, Higashi M, Suzuki H, Abe R, Ishitani O. Supramolecular photocatalysts fixed on the inside of the polypyrrole layer in dye sensitized molecular photocathodes: application to photocatalytic CO 2 reduction coupled with water oxidation. Chem Sci 2021; 12:13216-13232. [PMID: 34745553 PMCID: PMC8513877 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc03756k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of systems for photocatalytic CO2 reduction with water as a reductant and solar light as an energy source is one of the most important milestones on the way to artificial photosynthesis. Although such reduction can be performed using dye-sensitized molecular photocathodes comprising metal complexes as redox photosensitizers and catalyst units fixed on a p-type semiconductor electrode, the performance of the corresponding photoelectrochemical cells remains low, e.g., their highest incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency (IPCE) equals 1.2%. Herein, we report a novel dye-sensitized molecular photocathode for photocatalytic CO2 reduction in water featuring a polypyrrole layer, [Ru(diimine)3]2+ as a redox photosensitizer unit, and Ru(diimine)(CO)2Cl2 as the catalyst unit and reveal that the incorporation of the polypyrrole network significantly improves reactivity and durability relative to those of previously reported dye-sensitized molecular photocathodes. The irradiation of the novel photocathode with visible light under low applied bias stably induces the photocatalytic reduction of CO2 to CO and HCOOH with high faradaic efficiency and selectivity (even in aqueous solution), and the highest IPCE is determined as 4.7%. The novel photocathode is coupled with n-type semiconductor photoanodes (CoO x /BiVO4 and RhO x /TaON) to construct full cells that photocatalytically reduce CO2 using water as the reductant upon visible light irradiation as the only energy input at zero bias. The artificial Z-scheme photoelectrochemical cell with the dye-sensitized molecular photocathode achieves the highest energy conversion efficiency of 8.3 × 10-2% under the irradiation of both electrodes with visible light, while a solar to chemical conversion efficiency of 4.2 × 10-2% is achieved for a tandem-type cell using a solar light simulator (AM 1.5, 100 mW cm-2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazalurahman Kuttassery
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1-NE-1, O-okayama Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
| | - Hiromu Kumagai
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University 2-1-1, Katahira, Aoba-ku Sendai Miyagi 980-8577 Japan
| | - Ryutaro Kamata
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1-NE-1, O-okayama Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
| | - Yusuke Ebato
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1-NE-1, O-okayama Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
| | - Masanobu Higashi
- The OCU Advanced Research Institute for Natural Science and Technology, Osaka City University 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku Osaka City Osaka 558-8585 Japan
| | - Hajime Suzuki
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Ryu Abe
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Osamu Ishitani
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1-NE-1, O-okayama Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
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11
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Yu H, Cohen H, Neumann R. Photoelectrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide with a Copper Graphitic Carbon Nitride Photocathode. Chemistry 2021; 27:13513-13517. [PMID: 34278625 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Research on the photoreduction of CO2 often has been dominated by the use of sacrificial reducing agents. A pathway that avoids this problem would be the development of photocathodes for CO2 reduction that could then be coupled to a photoanodic oxygen evolution reaction. Here, we present the use of copper-substituted graphitic carbon nitride (Cu-CN) on a fluorinated tin oxide (FTO) electrode for the photoelectrochemical two-electron reduction of CO2 to CO as a major product (>95 %) and formic acid (<5 %). The results show that at a potential of -2.5 V versus Fc\Fc+ the CO2 reduction activity of Cu-CN on FTO electrode improves by 25 % upon illumination by visible light with a faradaic efficiency of nearly 100 %. Independently, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy conclusively shows a pronounced increase in the electrical conductivity of the Cu-CN upon white light illumination under vacuum and a contactless measuring configuration. This photo-assisted charge mobility is shown to play a key role in the increased reactivity and faradaic efficiency for the reduction of CO2 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijun Yu
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Hagai Cohen
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Ronny Neumann
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
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Garcia Osorio DA, Neri G, Cowan AJ. Hybrid Photocathodes for Carbon Dioxide Reduction: Interfaces for Charge Separation and Selective Catalysis. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202000309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dora Alicia Garcia Osorio
- Department of Chemistry and Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy University of Liverpool Liverpool L69 7ZF UK
| | - Gaia Neri
- Department of Chemistry and Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy University of Liverpool Liverpool L69 7ZF UK
| | - Alexander J. Cowan
- Department of Chemistry and Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy University of Liverpool Liverpool L69 7ZF UK
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13
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Bellardita M, Loddo V, Parrino F, Palmisano L. (Photo)electrocatalytic Versus Heterogeneous Photocatalytic Carbon Dioxide Reduction. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202100030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Vittorio Loddo
- Engineering Department University of Palermo Palermo Italy
| | - Francesco Parrino
- Department of Industrial Engineering University of Trento Trento Italy
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14
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Wahyuono RA, Braumüller M, Bold S, Amthor S, Nauroozi D, Plentz J, Wächtler M, Rau S, Dietzek B. Localizing the initial excitation - A case study on NiO photocathodes using Ruthenium dipyridophenazine complexes as sensitizers. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 252:119507. [PMID: 33578124 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.119507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We report on the localization of the initially excited electronic state within the molecular framework of a series of [Ru(bpy)2dppz]2+ derivatives (bpy:2,2'-bipyridine, dppz: dipyrido-phenazine) as sensitizers in NiO based photocathodes. The introduction of conjugated linkers with phenylene and triazole moieties in the bpy ligand sphere separates the NiO surface from the metal center and hence is considered to stabilize the charge separated state, which results from light-driven hole injection. However, introduction of the conjugated linkers also alters the localization of the excess electron density in the excited state within the ligand sphere and impacts the extent to which the charge-separated state is formed. The study emphasizes that tuning the ligand with the lowest-energy π* orbital distal or proximal to the NiO surface significantly affects the initial charge-separation and the solar cell performance. The stability of the charge-separated state correlates with the observed photocurrents in dye-sensitized solar cells. Furthermore, the study challenges the widely accepted concept that the introduction of extended anchoring groups, i.e. increasing Ru - NiO distance, stabilizes the charge-separated state and suppresses charge recombination at the metal-oxide molecule interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruri Agung Wahyuono
- Leibniz-Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT) Jena e.V., Department Functional Interfaces, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany; Institute of Physical Chemistry and Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC-Jena), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany; Department of Engineering Physics, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Jl. Arif Rahman Hakim, Sukolilo, 60111 Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Markus Braumüller
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Sebastian Bold
- Leibniz-Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT) Jena e.V., Department Functional Interfaces, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany; Institute of Physical Chemistry and Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC-Jena), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany; Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IRIG, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, 17 rue des Martyrs, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Sebastian Amthor
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Djawed Nauroozi
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Jonathan Plentz
- Leibniz-Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT) Jena e.V., Department Functional Interfaces, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Maria Wächtler
- Leibniz-Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT) Jena e.V., Department Functional Interfaces, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany; Institute of Physical Chemistry and Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC-Jena), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Sven Rau
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Benjamin Dietzek
- Leibniz-Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT) Jena e.V., Department Functional Interfaces, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany; Institute of Physical Chemistry and Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC-Jena), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany.
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15
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Bold S, Massin J, Giannoudis E, Koepf M, Artero V, Dietzek B, Chavarot-Kerlidou M. Spectroscopic Investigations Provide a Rationale for the Hydrogen-Evolving Activity of Dye-Sensitized Photocathodes Based on a Cobalt Tetraazamacrocyclic Catalyst. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c05033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Bold
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, Univ.́ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IRIG, 17 rue des Martyrs, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Department Functional Interfaces, Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena (Leibniz-IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Julien Massin
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, Univ.́ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IRIG, 17 rue des Martyrs, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Emmanouil Giannoudis
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, Univ.́ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IRIG, 17 rue des Martyrs, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Matthieu Koepf
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, Univ.́ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IRIG, 17 rue des Martyrs, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Vincent Artero
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, Univ.́ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IRIG, 17 rue des Martyrs, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Benjamin Dietzek
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Department Functional Interfaces, Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena (Leibniz-IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Murielle Chavarot-Kerlidou
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, Univ.́ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IRIG, 17 rue des Martyrs, F-38000 Grenoble, France
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16
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Nakazato R, Kou Y, Yamamoto D, Shimada T, Ishida T, Takagi S, Munakata H, Kanamura K, Tachibana H, Inoue H. Effect of Li ions doping into p-type semiconductor NiO as a hole injection/transfer medium in the CO2 reduction sensitized/catalyzed by Zn-porphyrin/Re-complex upon visible light irradiation. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-020-04334-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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17
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Whang DR. Immobilization of molecular catalysts for artificial photosynthesis. NANO CONVERGENCE 2020; 7:37. [PMID: 33252707 PMCID: PMC7704885 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-020-00248-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Artificial photosynthesis offers a way of producing fuels or high-value chemicals using a limitless energy source of sunlight and abundant resources such as water, CO2, and/or O2. Inspired by the strategies in natural photosynthesis, researchers have developed a number of homogeneous molecular systems for photocatalytic, photoelectrocatalytic, and electrocatalytic artificial photosynthesis. However, their photochemical instability in homogeneous solution are hurdles for scaled application in real life. Immobilization of molecular catalysts in solid supports support provides a fine blueprint to tackle this issue. This review highlights the recent developments in (i) techniques for immobilizing molecular catalysts in solid supports and (ii) catalytic water splitting, CO2 reduction, and O2 reduction with the support-immobilized molecular catalysts. Remaining challenges for molecular catalyst-based devices for artificial photosynthesis are discussed in the end of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Ryeol Whang
- Department of Advanced Materials, Hannam University, 34054, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Saito D, Yamazaki Y, Tamaki Y, Ishitani O. Photocatalysis of a Dinuclear Ru(II)-Re(I) Complex for CO 2 Reduction on a Solid Surface. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:19249-19258. [PMID: 33121248 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c09170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The development of CO2-reduction photocatalysts is one of the main targets in the field of artificial photosynthesis. Recently, numerous hybrid systems in which supramolecular photocatalysts comprised of a photosensitizer and catalytic-metal-complex units are immobilized on inorganic solid materials, such as semiconductors or mesoporous organosilica, have been reported as CO2-reduction photocatalysts for various functions, including water oxidation and light harvesting. In the present study, we investigated the photocatalytic properties of supramolecular photocatalysts comprised of a Ru(II)-complex photosensitizer and a Re(I)-complex catalyst fixed on the surface of insulating Al2O3 particles: the distance among the supramolecular photocatalyst molecules should be fixed. Visible-light irradiation of the photocatalyst in the presence of an electron donor under a CO2 atmosphere produced CO selectively. Although CO formation was also observed for a 1:1 mixture of mononuclear Ru(II) and Re(I) complexes attached to an Al2O3 surface, the photocatalytic activity was much lower. The activity of the Al2O3-supported photocatalyst was strongly dependent on the adsorption density of the supramolecular moiety, where the initial rate of photocatalytic CO formation was faster at lower density and higher photocatalyst durability was achieved at higher density. One of the main reasons for the former phenomenon is the decreased quenching fraction of the excited state of the photosensitizer unit by the reductant dissolved in the solution phase in the case of higher density. This is due to the self-quenching of the excited photosensitizer unit and steric hindrance between the condensed supramolecular photocatalyst molecules attached to the surface. The higher durability of the more condensed system is caused by intermolecular electron transfer between reduced supramolecular photocatalyst molecules, which accelerates the formation of CO in the photocatalytic CO2 reduction. Coadsorption of a Ru(II) mononuclear complex as a redox photosensitizer could drastically reinforce the photocatalysis of the supramolecular photocatalyst on the surface of the Al2O3 particles: more than 10 times higher turnover number and about 3.4 times higher turnover frequency of CO formation. These investigations provide new architectures for the construction of efficient and durable hybrid photocatalytic systems for CO2 reduction, which are composed of metal-complex photocatalysts and solid materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Saito
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-NE-1, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Yasuomi Yamazaki
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-NE-1, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Yusuke Tamaki
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-NE-1, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Osamu Ishitani
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-NE-1, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
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19
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The great performance of TiO2 nanotubes electrodes modified by copper(II)porphyrin in the reduction of carbon dioxide to alcohol. J CO2 UTIL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2020.101261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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20
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Abstract
From the understanding of biological processes and metalloenzymes to the development of inorganic catalysts, electro- and photocatalytic systems for fuel generation have evolved considerably during the last decades. Recently, organic and hybrid organic systems have emerged to challenge the classical inorganic structures through their enormous chemical diversity and modularity that led earlier to their success in organic (opto)electronics. This Minireview describes recent advances in the design of synthetic organic architectures and promising strategies toward (solar) fuel synthesis, highlighting progress on materials from organic ligands and chromophores to conjugated polymers and covalent organic frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Warnan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
- Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85747, Garching, Germany
| | - Erwin Reisner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
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21
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Fernández-Terán R, Sévery L. Living Long and Prosperous: Productive Intraligand Charge-Transfer States from a Rhenium(I) Terpyridine Photosensitizer with Enhanced Light Absorption. Inorg Chem 2020; 60:1334-1343. [PMID: 32909754 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The ground- and excited-state properties of six rhenium(I) κ2N-tricarbonyl complexes with 4'-(4-substituted-phenyl)terpyridine ligands bearing substituents of different electron-donating abilities were evaluated. Significant modulation of the electrochemical potentials and a nearly 4-fold variation of the triplet metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (3MLCT) lifetimes were observed upon going from CN to OMe. With the more electron-donating NMe2 group, we observed in the κ2N complex the appearance of a very strong absorption band, red-shifted by ca. 100 nm with respect to the other complexes. This was accompanied by a dramatic enhancement of the excited-state lifetime (380 vs 1.5 ns), and a character change from 3MLCT to intraligand charge transfer (3ILCT), despite the remote location of the substituent. The dynamics and character of the excited states of all complexes were assigned by combining transient IR spectroscopy, IR spectroelectrochemistry, and (time-dependent) density functional theory calculations. Selected complexes were evaluated as photosensitizers for hydrogen production, with the κ2N-NMe2 complex resulting in a stable and efficient photocatalytic system reaching TONRe values of over 2100, representing the first application of the 3ILCT state of a rhenium(I) carbonyl complex in a stable photocatalytic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Fernández-Terán
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich. Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich CH-8006, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Sévery
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich. Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich CH-8006, Switzerland
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22
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Szaniawska E, Wadas A, Ramanitra HH, Fodeke EA, Brzozowska K, Chevillot-Biraud A, Santoni MP, Rutkowska IA, Jouini M, Kulesza PJ. Visible-light-driven CO 2 reduction on dye-sensitized NiO photocathodes decorated with palladium nanoparticles. RSC Adv 2020; 10:31680-31690. [PMID: 35520659 PMCID: PMC9056418 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra04673f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The thin-layer-stacked dye-sensitized NiO photocathodes decorated with palladium nanoparticles (nPd) can be used for the visible-light-driven selective reduction of CO2, mostly to CO, at potentials starting as low as 0 V vs. RHE (compared to −0.6 V in the dark for electrocatalysis). The photosensitization of NiO by the organic dye P1, with a surface coverage of 1.5 × 10−8 mol cm−2, allows the hybrid material to absorb light in the 400–650 nm range. In addition, it improves the stability and the catalytic activity of the final material decorated with palladium nanoparticles (nPd). The resulting multi-layered-type photocathode operates according to the electron-transfer-cascade mechanism. On the one hand, the photosensitizer P1 plays a central role as it generates excited-state electrons and transfers them to nPd, thus producing the catalytically active hydride material PdHx. On the other hand, the dispersed nPd, absorb/adsorb hydrogen and accumulate electrons, thus easing the reductive electrocatalysis process by further driving the separation of charges at the photoelectrochemical interface. Surface analysis, morphology, and roughness have been assessed using SEM, EDS, and AFM imaging. Both conventional electrochemical and photoelectrochemical experiments have been performed to confirm the catalytic activity of hybrid photocathodes toward the CO2 reduction. The recorded cathodic photocurrents have been found to be dependent on the loading of Pd nanoparticles. A sufficient amount of loaded catalyst facilitates the electron transfer cascade, making the amount of dye grafted at the surface of the electrode the limiting parameter in catalysis. The formation of CO as the main reaction product is postulated, though the formation of traces of other small organic molecules (e.g. methanol) cannot be excluded. (A) Cross-section view of the stack of active layers constituting a hybrid photocathode for CO2 reduction. (B) Structure of dye P1 sensitizing the NiO semiconductor. (C) Energy-level matching between components of the modified photocathode.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Szaniawska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw Pasteura 1 PL-02-093 Warsaw Poland
| | - Anna Wadas
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw Pasteura 1 PL-02-093 Warsaw Poland
| | | | | | - Kamila Brzozowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw Pasteura 1 PL-02-093 Warsaw Poland
| | | | | | - Iwona A Rutkowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw Pasteura 1 PL-02-093 Warsaw Poland
| | | | - Pawel J Kulesza
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw Pasteura 1 PL-02-093 Warsaw Poland
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23
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Warnan
- Department of Chemistry University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
- Department Chemie Technische Universität München Lichtenbergstraße 4 85747 Garching Germany
| | - Erwin Reisner
- Department of Chemistry University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
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24
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Boutin E, Merakeb L, Ma B, Boudy B, Wang M, Bonin J, Anxolabéhère-Mallart E, Robert M. Molecular catalysis of CO 2 reduction: recent advances and perspectives in electrochemical and light-driven processes with selected Fe, Ni and Co aza macrocyclic and polypyridine complexes. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:5772-5809. [PMID: 32697210 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00218f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Earth-abundant Fe, Ni, and Co aza macrocyclic and polypyridine complexes have been thoroughly investigated for CO2 electrochemical and visible-light-driven reduction. Since the first reports in the 1970s, an enormous body of work has been accumulated regarding the two-electron two-proton reduction of the gas, along with mechanistic and spectroscopic efforts to rationalize the reactivity and establish guidelines for structure-reactivity relationships. The ability to fine tune the ligand structure and the almost unlimited possibilities of designing new complexes have led to highly selective and efficient catalysts. Recent efforts toward developing hybrid systems upon combining molecular catalysts with conductive or semi-conductive materials have converged to high catalytic performances in water solutions, to the inclusion of these catalysts into CO2 electrolyzers and photo-electrochemical devices, and to the discovery of catalytic pathways beyond two electrons. Combined with the continuous mechanistic efforts and new developments for in situ and in operando spectroscopic studies, molecular catalysis of CO2 reduction remains a highly creative approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Boutin
- Université de Paris, Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire, CNRS, F-75006 Paris, France.
| | - L Merakeb
- Université de Paris, Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire, CNRS, F-75006 Paris, France.
| | - B Ma
- Université de Paris, Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire, CNRS, F-75006 Paris, France.
| | - B Boudy
- Université de Paris, Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire, CNRS, F-75006 Paris, France.
| | - M Wang
- Université de Paris, Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire, CNRS, F-75006 Paris, France.
| | - J Bonin
- Université de Paris, Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire, CNRS, F-75006 Paris, France.
| | - E Anxolabéhère-Mallart
- Université de Paris, Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire, CNRS, F-75006 Paris, France.
| | - M Robert
- Université de Paris, Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire, CNRS, F-75006 Paris, France. and Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), F-75005 Paris, France
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25
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Pati PB, Wang R, Boutin E, Diring S, Jobic S, Barreau N, Odobel F, Robert M. Photocathode functionalized with a molecular cobalt catalyst for selective carbon dioxide reduction in water. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3499. [PMID: 32661340 PMCID: PMC7358214 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17125-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Artificial photosynthesis is a vibrant field of research aiming at converting abundant, low energy molecules such as water, nitrogen or carbon dioxide into fuels or useful chemicals by means of solar energy input. Photo-electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide is an appealing strategy, aiming at reducing the greenhouse gas into valuable products such as carbon monoxide at low or without bias voltage. Yet, in such configuration, there is no catalytic system able to produce carbon monoxide selectively in aqueous media with high activity, and using earth-abundant molecular catalyst. Upon associating a p-type Cu(In,Ga)Se2 semi-conductor with cobalt quaterpyridine complex, we herein report a photocathode complying with the aforementioned requirements. Pure carbon dioxide dissolved in aqueous solution (pH 6.8) is converted to carbon monoxide under visible light illumination with partial current density above 3 mA cm−2 and 97% selectivity, showing good stability over time. Photo-electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide is a promising strategy to derive valuable products. Here, the authors show a photocathode able to produce carbon monoxide selectively in aqueous media with high activity using earth-abundant molecular catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palas Baran Pati
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Ruwen Wang
- Université de Paris, Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire, CNRS, F-75006, Paris, France
| | - Etienne Boutin
- Université de Paris, Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire, CNRS, F-75006, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Diring
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Stéphane Jobic
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel, IMN, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Nicolas Barreau
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel, IMN, F-44000, Nantes, France.
| | - Fabrice Odobel
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, F-44000, Nantes, France.
| | - Marc Robert
- Université de Paris, Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire, CNRS, F-75006, Paris, France. .,Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), F-75005, Paris, France.
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26
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Majumder S, Borah BP, Bhuyan J. Rhenium in the core of porphyrin and rhenium bound to the periphery of porphyrin: synthesis and applications. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:8419-8432. [PMID: 32515453 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt00813c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
An overview of most of the well known rhenium porphyrins (rhenium in the core of porphyrins) is presented here reviewing their synthesis, coordination chemistry, and applications. The important features of oxorhenium(v) porphyrins are discussed elaborately taking into account their application in epoxidation reaction. Moreover, the chemistry of some recently known porphyrin-Re conjugates (rhenium bound to the periphery of porphyrin) is reported considering their applications in the photochemical carbon dioxide reduction process and photodynamic therapy. The number of well characterized rhenium porphyrinoids are limited but they show interesting diverse properties, some of which are also discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smita Majumder
- Department of Chemistry, North Eastern Regional Institute of Science and Technology Nirjuli, Arunachal Pradesh, India.
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27
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La Porte NT, Moravec DB, Schaller RD, Hopkins MD. Light-Driven Redox Activation of CO2- and H2-Activating Complexes in a Self-Assembled Triad. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:10980-10989. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b07830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan T. La Porte
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Davis B. Moravec
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Richard D. Schaller
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Michael D. Hopkins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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28
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Yamazaki Y, Ohkubo K, Saito D, Yatsu T, Tamaki Y, Tanaka S, Koike K, Onda K, Ishitani O. Kinetics and Mechanism of Intramolecular Electron Transfer in Ru(II)-Re(I) Supramolecular CO 2-Reduction Photocatalysts: Effects of Bridging Ligands. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:11480-11492. [PMID: 31418554 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b01256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The supramolecular photocatalysts in which a Ru(II) complex as a molecular redox photosensitizer unit and a Re(I) complex as a molecular catalyst unit are connected with a various alkyl or ether chain have attracted attention because they can efficiently photocatalyze CO2 reduction with high durability and high selectivity of CO formation, especially on various solid materials such as semiconductor electrodes and mesoporous organosilica. The intramolecular electron transfer from the one-electron reduced photosensitizer unit to the catalyst unit, which follows excitation of the photosensitizer unit and subsequent reductive quenching of the excited photosensitizer unit by a reductant, is one of the most important processes in the photocatalytic reduction of CO2. We succeeded in determining the rate constants of this intramolecular electron transfer process by using subnanosecond time-resolved IR spectroscopy. The logarithm of rate constants shows a linear relationship with the lengths of the bridging chain in the supramolecular photocatalysts with one bridging alkyl or ether chain. In conformity with the exponential decay of the wave function and the coupling element in the long-distance electron transfer, the apparent decay coefficient factor (β) in the supramolecular photocatalysts with one bridging chain was determined to be 0.74 Å-1. In the supramolecular photocatalyst with two ethylene chains connecting between the photosensitizer and catalyst units, on the other hand, the intramolecular electron transfer rate is much faster than that with only one ethylene chain. These results strongly indicate that the intramolecular electron transfer from the one-electron reduced species of the Ru photosensitizer unit to the Re catalyst unit proceeds by the through-bond mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuomi Yamazaki
- Department of Chemistry , Tokyo Institute of Technology , O-okayama 2-12-1-NE-1 , Meguro-ku , Tokyo 152-8550 , Japan
| | - Kei Ohkubo
- Department of Chemistry , Tokyo Institute of Technology , O-okayama 2-12-1-NE-1 , Meguro-ku , Tokyo 152-8550 , Japan
| | - Daiki Saito
- Department of Chemistry , Tokyo Institute of Technology , O-okayama 2-12-1-NE-1 , Meguro-ku , Tokyo 152-8550 , Japan
| | - Taiki Yatsu
- Department of Chemistry , Tokyo Institute of Technology , O-okayama 2-12-1-NE-1 , Meguro-ku , Tokyo 152-8550 , Japan
| | - Yusuke Tamaki
- Department of Chemistry , Tokyo Institute of Technology , O-okayama 2-12-1-NE-1 , Meguro-ku , Tokyo 152-8550 , Japan
| | - Sei'ichi Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry , Tokyo Institute of Technology , O-okayama 2-12-1-NE-1 , Meguro-ku , Tokyo 152-8550 , Japan
| | - Kazuhide Koike
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology , 16-1 Onogawa , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-8569 , Japan
| | - Ken Onda
- Department of Chemistry , Kyushu University , 744 Motooka , Nishi-ku, Fukuoka , 819-0395 , Japan
| | - Osamu Ishitani
- Department of Chemistry , Tokyo Institute of Technology , O-okayama 2-12-1-NE-1 , Meguro-ku , Tokyo 152-8550 , Japan
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Chang X, Wang T, Yang P, Zhang G, Gong J. The Development of Cocatalysts for Photoelectrochemical CO 2 Reduction. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1804710. [PMID: 30537099 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201804710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The ever-increasing anthropogenic consumption of fossil fuels and the resulting large emission of CO2 have led to a severe energy crisis and climate change. Photocatalytic reduction of CO2 into fuels using solar energy is considered as a promising way to address these two problems. In particular, photoelectrochemical (PEC) reduction of CO2 can integrate and optimize the advantages of both photocatalysis and electrocatalysis for improved conversion efficiency and selectivity. In addition to the charge generation and separation, the efficient reduction of CO2 on the surface of a semiconductor-based photoelectrode remains a scientifically critical challenge, which can be greatly enhanced by the surface modification of cocatalysts. Herein, the recent developments of cocatalysts in PEC CO2 reduction over semiconductor-based photoelectrodes are described, and the basic principles of PEC CO2 reduction and the function of the cocatalyst in photoelectrocatalysis are discussed. The structure optimization between the photoelectrodes and the cocatalysts is also summarized since the loading of cocatalyst may shield the incident light and hinder charge transfer between them. Furthermore, the challenges and perspectives for PEC reduction of CO2 are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Chang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Tuo Wang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Piaoping Yang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Gong Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Jinlong Gong
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China
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30
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From molecular metal complex to metal-organic framework: The CO2 reduction photocatalysts with clear and tunable structure. Coord Chem Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2019.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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31
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Maeda K. Metal-Complex/Semiconductor Hybrid Photocatalysts and Photoelectrodes for CO 2 Reduction Driven by Visible Light. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1808205. [PMID: 31066136 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201808205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
CO2 reduction to carbon feedstocks using heterogeneous photocatalysts is an attractive means of addressing both climate change and the depletion of fossil fuels. Of particular importance is the development of a photosystem capable of functioning in response to visible light, which accounts for the majority of the solar spectrum, representing a kind of artificial photosynthesis. Hybrid systems comprising a metal complex and a semiconductor are promising because of the excellent electrochemical (and/or photocatalytic) activity of metal complexes during CO2 reduction and the ability of semiconductors to efficiently oxidize water to molecular O2 . Here, the development of hybrid photocatalysts and photoelectrodes for CO2 reduction in combination with water oxidation is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Maeda
- School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-NE-2 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
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32
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Yamazaki Y, Onoda T, Ishikawa J, Furukawa S, Tanaka C, Utsugi T, Tsubomura T. Photocatalytic CO 2 Reduction Using Various Heteroleptic Diimine-Diphosphine Cu(I) Complexes as Photosensitizers. Front Chem 2019; 7:288. [PMID: 31114784 PMCID: PMC6502988 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of efficient redox-photosensitizers based on the earth-abundant metal ions as an alternative toward noble- and/or rare-metal based photosensitizers is very desirable. In recent years, heteroleptic diimine-diphosphine Cu(I) complexes have been well investigated as one of the most remarkable candidates because of their great potentials as efficient photosensitizers. Here, we investigated the effects of the structure of the diphosphine ligands on the photosensitizing abilities using a series of Cu(I) complexes bearing 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (dmpp) and various diphosphine ligands in order to explore the suitable structure for the photosensitizing reactions. The number of methylene chains between the two phosphorous atoms in the diphosphine ligands was systematically changed from two to four, and the relationship between the length of the carbon chains and the photosensitizing abilities were investigated by conducting photocatalytic CO2 reduction with the Cu(I) complexes as photosensitizers. Turnover frequencies of the CO2 reduction drastically increased with increasing the length of the carbon chains. The systematic study herein reported suggests that the large P-Cu-P angles should be one of the most important factors for enhancing the photosensitizing abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuomi Yamazaki
- Department of Materials and Life Science, Seikei University, Musashino-shi, Japan
| | - Takayuki Onoda
- Department of Materials and Life Science, Seikei University, Musashino-shi, Japan
| | - Jun Ishikawa
- Department of Materials and Life Science, Seikei University, Musashino-shi, Japan
| | - Shota Furukawa
- Department of Materials and Life Science, Seikei University, Musashino-shi, Japan
| | - Chinatsu Tanaka
- Department of Materials and Life Science, Seikei University, Musashino-shi, Japan
| | - Tomoya Utsugi
- Department of Materials and Life Science, Seikei University, Musashino-shi, Japan
| | - Taro Tsubomura
- Department of Materials and Life Science, Seikei University, Musashino-shi, Japan
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33
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Zhang B, Sun L. Artificial photosynthesis: opportunities and challenges of molecular catalysts. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:2216-2264. [PMID: 30895997 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00897c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 393] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Molecular catalysis plays an essential role in both natural and artificial photosynthesis (AP). However, the field of molecular catalysis for AP has gradually declined in recent years because of doubt about the long-term stability of molecular-catalyst-based devices. This review summarizes the development history of molecular-catalyst-based AP, including the fundamentals of AP, molecular catalysts for water oxidation, proton reduction and CO2 reduction, and molecular-catalyst-based AP devices, and it provides an analysis of the advantages, challenges, and stability of molecular catalysts. With this review, we aim to highlight the following points: (i) an investigation on molecular catalysis is one of the most promising ways to obtain atom-efficient catalysts with outstanding intrinsic activities; (ii) effective heterogenization of molecular catalysts is currently the primary challenge for the application of molecular catalysis in AP devices; (iii) development of molecular catalysts is a promising way to solve the problems of catalysis involved in practical solar fuel production. In molecular-catalysis-based AP, much has been attained, but more challenges remain with regard to long-term stability and heterogenization techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biaobiao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Wang D, Wang Y, Brady MD, Sheridan MV, Sherman BD, Farnum BH, Liu Y, Marquard SL, Meyer GJ, Dares CJ, Meyer TJ. A donor-chromophore-catalyst assembly for solar CO 2 reduction. Chem Sci 2019; 10:4436-4444. [PMID: 31057771 PMCID: PMC6482438 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc03316a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe here the preparation and characterization of a photocathode assembly for CO2 reduction to CO in 0.1 M LiClO4 acetonitrile.
We describe here the preparation and characterization of a photocathode assembly for CO2 reduction to CO in 0.1 M LiClO4 acetonitrile. The assembly was formed on 1.0 μm thick mesoporous films of NiO using a layer-by-layer procedure based on Zr(iv)–phosphonate bridging units. The structure of the Zr(iv) bridged assembly, abbreviated as NiO|-DA-RuCP22+-Re(i), where DA is the dianiline-based electron donor (N,N,N′,N′-((CH2)3PO3H2)4-4,4′-dianiline), RuCP2+ is the light absorber [Ru((4,4′-(PO3H2CH2)2-2,2′-bipyridine)(2,2′-bipyridine))2]2+, and Re(i) is the CO2 reduction catalyst, ReI((4,4′-PO3H2CH2)2-2,2′-bipyridine)(CO)3Cl. Visible light excitation of the assembly in CO2 saturated solution resulted in CO2 reduction to CO. A steady-state photocurrent density of 65 μA cm–2 was achieved under one sun illumination and an IPCE value of 1.9% was obtained with 450 nm illumination. The importance of the DA aniline donor in the assembly as an initial site for reduction of the RuCP2+ excited state was demonstrated by an 8 times higher photocurrent generated with DA present in the surface film compared to a control without DA. Nanosecond transient absorption measurements showed that the expected reduced one-electron intermediate, RuCP+, was formed on a sub-nanosecond time scale with back electron transfer to the electrode on the microsecond timescale which competes with forward electron transfer to the Re(i) catalyst at t1/2 = 2.6 μs (kET = 2.7 × 105 s–1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Degao Wang
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , USA .
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , USA .
| | - Matthew D Brady
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , USA .
| | - Matthew V Sheridan
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , USA .
| | - Benjamin D Sherman
- Department of Chemistry , Texas Christian University , Fort Worth , Texas 76129 , USA
| | - Byron H Farnum
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , USA .
| | - Yanming Liu
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , USA .
| | - Seth L Marquard
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , USA .
| | - Gerald J Meyer
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , USA .
| | - Christopher J Dares
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Florida International University , 11200 SW Eighth Street , Miami , Florida 33199 , USA
| | - Thomas J Meyer
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , USA .
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Dalle K, Warnan J, Leung JJ, Reuillard B, Karmel IS, Reisner E. Electro- and Solar-Driven Fuel Synthesis with First Row Transition Metal Complexes. Chem Rev 2019; 119:2752-2875. [PMID: 30767519 PMCID: PMC6396143 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 421] [Impact Index Per Article: 84.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of renewable fuels from abundant water or the greenhouse gas CO2 is a major step toward creating sustainable and scalable energy storage technologies. In the last few decades, much attention has focused on the development of nonprecious metal-based catalysts and, in more recent years, their integration in solid-state support materials and devices that operate in water. This review surveys the literature on 3d metal-based molecular catalysts and focuses on their immobilization on heterogeneous solid-state supports for electro-, photo-, and photoelectrocatalytic synthesis of fuels in aqueous media. The first sections highlight benchmark homogeneous systems using proton and CO2 reducing 3d transition metal catalysts as well as commonly employed methods for catalyst immobilization, including a discussion of supporting materials and anchoring groups. The subsequent sections elaborate on productive associations between molecular catalysts and a wide range of substrates based on carbon, quantum dots, metal oxide surfaces, and semiconductors. The molecule-material hybrid systems are organized as "dark" cathodes, colloidal photocatalysts, and photocathodes, and their figures of merit are discussed alongside system stability and catalyst integrity. The final section extends the scope of this review to prospects and challenges in targeting catalysis beyond "classical" H2 evolution and CO2 reduction to C1 products, by summarizing cases for higher-value products from N2 reduction, C x>1 products from CO2 utilization, and other reductive organic transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jane J. Leung
- Christian Doppler Laboratory
for Sustainable SynGas Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Bertrand Reuillard
- Christian Doppler Laboratory
for Sustainable SynGas Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Isabell S. Karmel
- Christian Doppler Laboratory
for Sustainable SynGas Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Erwin Reisner
- Christian Doppler Laboratory
for Sustainable SynGas Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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Kamata R, Kumagai H, Yamazaki Y, Sahara G, Ishitani O. Photoelectrochemical CO 2 Reduction Using a Ru(II)-Re(I) Supramolecular Photocatalyst Connected to a Vinyl Polymer on a NiO Electrode. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:5632-5641. [PMID: 29920063 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b05495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
A Ru(II)-Re(I) supramolecular photocatalyst and a Ru(II) redox photosensitizer were both deposited successfully on a NiO electrode by using methyl phosphonic acid anchoring groups and the electrochemical polymerization of the ligand vinyl groups of the complexes. This new molecular photocathode, poly-RuRe/NiO, adsorbed a larger amount of the metal complexes compared to one using only methyl phosphonic acid anchor groups, and the stability of the complexes on the NiO electrode were much improved. The poly-RuRe/NiO acted as a photocathode for the photocatalytic reduction of CO2 at E = -0.7 V vs Ag/AgCl under visible-light irradiation in an aqueous solution. The poly-RuRe/NiO produced approximately 2.5 times more CO, and its total Faradaic efficiency of the reduction products improved from 57 to 85%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryutaro Kamata
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science , Tokyo Institute of Technology , O-okayama 2-12-1-NE-1 , Meguro-ku , Tokyo 152-8550 , Japan
| | - Hiromu Kumagai
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science , Tokyo Institute of Technology , O-okayama 2-12-1-NE-1 , Meguro-ku , Tokyo 152-8550 , Japan
| | - Yasuomi Yamazaki
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science , Tokyo Institute of Technology , O-okayama 2-12-1-NE-1 , Meguro-ku , Tokyo 152-8550 , Japan
| | - Go Sahara
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science , Tokyo Institute of Technology , O-okayama 2-12-1-NE-1 , Meguro-ku , Tokyo 152-8550 , Japan
| | - Osamu Ishitani
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science , Tokyo Institute of Technology , O-okayama 2-12-1-NE-1 , Meguro-ku , Tokyo 152-8550 , Japan
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37
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Yun S, Vlachopoulos N, Qurashi A, Ahmad S, Hagfeldt A. Dye sensitized photoelectrolysis cells. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:3705-3722. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00987b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This review from theory to practice discusses the principles and designs of dye-sensitized semiconductor photoelectrodes for water splitting and electrolysis reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sining Yun
- Functional Materials Laboratory (FML)
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology
- Xi’an
- China
| | - Nick Vlachopoulos
- Laboratory of Photomolecular Science
- Institute of Chemical Sciences Engineering
- Ēcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)
- 1015 Lausanne
- Switzerland
| | - Ahsanulhaq Qurashi
- Center of Excellence in Nanotechnology
- King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals
- Dhahran 31261
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahzada Ahmad
- Basque Center for Materials Applications and Nanostructures
- Martina Casiano
- UPV/EHU Science Park
- 48940 Leioa
- Spain
| | - Anders Hagfeldt
- Laboratory of Photomolecular Science
- Institute of Chemical Sciences Engineering
- Ēcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)
- 1015 Lausanne
- Switzerland
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38
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Wang F, Xu Y, Liu X, Liu Y, Liu J, Teng B. Pinpointing the active sites and reaction mechanism of CO oxidation on NiO. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:17852-17858. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp03132d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
CO oxidation on NiO by different oxygen species was investigated using a global pathway searching method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences
- Zhejiang Normal University
- Key Lab of Advanced Catalytic Materials of Ministry of Education
- Jinhua
- China
| | - Yuxing Xu
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences
- Zhejiang Normal University
- Key Lab of Advanced Catalytic Materials of Ministry of Education
- Jinhua
- China
| | - Xingchen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion
- Institute of Coal Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Taiyuan
- China
| | - Ya Liu
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences
- Zhejiang Normal University
- Key Lab of Advanced Catalytic Materials of Ministry of Education
- Jinhua
- China
| | - Jie Liu
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences
- Zhejiang Normal University
- Key Lab of Advanced Catalytic Materials of Ministry of Education
- Jinhua
- China
| | - Botao Teng
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences
- Zhejiang Normal University
- Key Lab of Advanced Catalytic Materials of Ministry of Education
- Jinhua
- China
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Huang J, Xu B, Tian L, Pati PB, Etman AS, Sun J, Hammarström L, Tian H. A heavy metal-free CuInS2 quantum dot sensitized NiO photocathode with a Re molecular catalyst for photoelectrochemical CO2 reduction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:7918-7921. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc04222a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Heavy metal-free CuInS2 QDs as a photosensitizer and a Re molecular catalyst have been successfully employed to co-sensitize a NiO photocathode for CO2 reduction into CO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Huang
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory
- Uppsala University
- Uppsala
- Sweden
| | - Bo Xu
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory
- Uppsala University
- Uppsala
- Sweden
| | - Lei Tian
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory
- Uppsala University
- Uppsala
- Sweden
| | - Palas Baran Pati
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory
- Uppsala University
- Uppsala
- Sweden
| | - Ahmed S. Etman
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK)
- Stockholm University
- SE 106 91 Stockholm
- Sweden
| | - Junliang Sun
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK)
- Stockholm University
- SE 106 91 Stockholm
- Sweden
| | - Leif Hammarström
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory
- Uppsala University
- Uppsala
- Sweden
| | - Haining Tian
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory
- Uppsala University
- Uppsala
- Sweden
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40
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Reaction mechanisms of catalytic photochemical CO2 reduction using Re(I) and Ru(II) complexes. Coord Chem Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2017.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Kaeffer N, Windle CD, Brisse R, Gablin C, Leonard D, Jousselme B, Chavarot-Kerlidou M, Artero V. Insights into the mechanism and aging of a noble-metal free H 2-evolving dye-sensitized photocathode. Chem Sci 2018; 9:6721-6738. [PMID: 30310606 PMCID: PMC6115630 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc00899j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Co-grafting of a cobalt diimine–dioxime catalyst and push–pull organic dye on NiO yields a photocathode evolving hydrogen from aqueous solution under sunlight, with equivalent performances compared to a dyad-based architecture using similar components.
Dye-sensitized photo-electrochemical cells (DS-PECs) form an emerging technology for the large-scale storage of solar energy in the form of (solar) fuels because of the low cost and ease of processing of their constitutive photoelectrode materials. Preparing such molecular photocathodes requires a well-controlled co-immobilization of molecular dyes and catalysts onto transparent semiconducting materials. Here we used a series of surface analysis techniques to describe the molecular assembly of a push–pull organic dye and a cobalt diimine–dioxime catalyst co-grafted on a p-type NiO electrode substrate. (Photo)electrochemical measurements allowed characterization of electron transfer processes within such an assembly and to demonstrate for the first time that a CoI species is formed as the entry into the light-driven H2 evolution mechanism of a dye-sensitized photocathode. This co-grafted noble-metal free H2-evolving photocathode architecture displays similar performances to its covalent dye–catalyst counterpart based on the same catalytic moiety. Post-operando time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) analysis of these photoelectrodes after extensive photoelectrochemical operation suggested decomposition pathways of the dye and triazole linkage used to graft the catalyst onto NiO, providing grounds for the design of optimized molecular DS-PEC components with increased robustness upon turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Kaeffer
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux , Université Grenoble Alpes , CNRS UMR 5249, CEA , 17 rue des Martyrs , F-38054 Grenoble , Cedex , France . ; http://www.solhycat.com
| | - Christopher D Windle
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux , Université Grenoble Alpes , CNRS UMR 5249, CEA , 17 rue des Martyrs , F-38054 Grenoble , Cedex , France . ; http://www.solhycat.com
| | - Romain Brisse
- Laboratory of Innovation in Surface Chemistry and Nanosciences (LICSEN) , NIMBE , CEA , CNRS , Université Paris-Saclay , CEA Saclay , 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette , Cedex , France
| | - Corinne Gablin
- Univ Lyon , CNRS , Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 , ENS de Lyon , Institut des Sciences Analytiques , UMR 5280, 5, rue de la Doua , F-69100 Villeurbanne , France
| | - Didier Leonard
- Univ Lyon , CNRS , Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 , ENS de Lyon , Institut des Sciences Analytiques , UMR 5280, 5, rue de la Doua , F-69100 Villeurbanne , France
| | - Bruno Jousselme
- Laboratory of Innovation in Surface Chemistry and Nanosciences (LICSEN) , NIMBE , CEA , CNRS , Université Paris-Saclay , CEA Saclay , 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette , Cedex , France
| | - Murielle Chavarot-Kerlidou
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux , Université Grenoble Alpes , CNRS UMR 5249, CEA , 17 rue des Martyrs , F-38054 Grenoble , Cedex , France . ; http://www.solhycat.com
| | - Vincent Artero
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux , Université Grenoble Alpes , CNRS UMR 5249, CEA , 17 rue des Martyrs , F-38054 Grenoble , Cedex , France . ; http://www.solhycat.com
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Sekizawa K, Sato S, Arai T, Morikawa T. Solar-Driven Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction in Water Utilizing a Ruthenium Complex Catalyst on p-Type Fe2O3 with a Multiheterojunction. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b03244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keita Sekizawa
- Toyota Central R&D Laboratories, Inc., 41-1 Yokomichi, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Sato
- Toyota Central R&D Laboratories, Inc., 41-1 Yokomichi, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan
| | - Takeo Arai
- Toyota Central R&D Laboratories, Inc., 41-1 Yokomichi, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan
| | - Takeshi Morikawa
- Toyota Central R&D Laboratories, Inc., 41-1 Yokomichi, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan
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45
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Won DI, Lee JS, Ba Q, Cho YJ, Cheong HY, Choi S, Kim CH, Son HJ, Pac C, Kang SO. Development of a Lower Energy Photosensitizer for Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction: Modification of Porphyrin Dye in Hybrid Catalyst System. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b02961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Il Won
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea
| | - Jong-Su Lee
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea
| | - Qiankai Ba
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea
| | - Yang-Jin Cho
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea
| | - Ha-Yeon Cheong
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea
| | - Sunghan Choi
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea
| | - Chul Hoon Kim
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea
| | - Ho-Jin Son
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea
| | - Chyongjin Pac
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea
| | - Sang Ook Kang
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea
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46
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Pang H, Masuda T, Ye J. Semiconductor-Based Photoelectrochemical Conversion of Carbon Dioxide: Stepping Towards Artificial Photosynthesis. Chem Asian J 2018; 13:127-142. [PMID: 29193762 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201701596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The photoelectrochemical (PEC) carbon dioxide reduction process stands out as a promising avenue for the conversion of solar energy into chemical feedstocks, among various methods available for carbon dioxide mitigation. Semiconductors derived from cheap and abundant elements are interesting candidates for catalysis. Whether employed as intrinsic semiconductors or hybridized with metallic cocatalysts, biocatalysts, and metal molecular complexes, semiconductor photocathodes exhibit good performance and low overpotential during carbon dioxide reduction. Apart from focusing on carbon dioxide reduction materials and chemistry, PEC cells towards standalone devices that use photohybrid electrodes or solar cells have also been a hot topic in recent research. An overview of the state-of-the-art progress in PEC carbon dioxide reduction is presented and a deep understanding of the catalysts of carbon dioxide reduction is also given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Pang
- Graduate School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0814, Japan.,International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takuya Masuda
- Graduate School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0814, Japan.,Research Center for Advanced Measurement and Characterization, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Jinhua Ye
- Graduate School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0814, Japan.,International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan.,TJU-NIMS International Collaboration Laboratory, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P.R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical, Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, P.R. China
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47
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Huang J, Gatty MG, Xu B, Pati PB, Etman AS, Tian L, Sun J, Hammarström L, Tian H. Covalently linking CuInS2 quantum dots with a Re catalyst by click reaction for photocatalytic CO2 reduction. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:10775-10783. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt01631c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Covalently linking a Re catalyst to CuInS2 QDs through a facile click reaction for efficient electron transfer to improve photocatalytic CO2 reduction is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Huang
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory
- Uppsala University
- Uppsala
- Sweden
| | | | - Bo Xu
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory
- Uppsala University
- Uppsala
- Sweden
| | - Palas Baran Pati
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory
- Uppsala University
- Uppsala
- Sweden
| | - Ahmed S. Etman
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK)
- Stockholm University
- SE 106 91 Stockholm
- Sweden
| | - Lei Tian
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory
- Uppsala University
- Uppsala
- Sweden
| | - Junliang Sun
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK)
- Stockholm University
- SE 106 91 Stockholm
- Sweden
| | - Leif Hammarström
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory
- Uppsala University
- Uppsala
- Sweden
| | - Haining Tian
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory
- Uppsala University
- Uppsala
- Sweden
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48
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Yamazaki Y, Ishitani O. Synthesis of Os(ii)-Re(i)-Ru(ii) hetero-trinuclear complexes and their photophysical properties and photocatalytic abilities. Chem Sci 2017; 9:1031-1041. [PMID: 29675150 PMCID: PMC5885982 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc04162d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel Os(ii)–Re(i)–Ru(ii) hetero-trinuclear complexes, which can absorb a wide range of visible light and induce durable CO2 reduction, were synthesised.
Photofunctional trinuclear complexes containing three different central metals, i.e. Os(ii), Re(i) and Ru(ii), were synthesised for the first time using stepwise Mizoroki–Heck reactions. The vinylene groups in the bridging ligands of the Os(ii)–Re(i)–Ru(ii) trinuclear complexes were selectively reduced by photochemical hydrogenation in moderate yield, affording novel supramolecular photocatalysts which can absorb a wide range of visible light up to 730 nm and induce CO2 reduction with high selectivity and durability. The turnover numbers of CO formation were over 4300. Details of the photophysical properties of these new trinuclear complexes, especially their intramolecular excitation-energy transfer phenomena, are also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuomi Yamazaki
- Department of Chemistry , Graduate School of Science and Engineering , Tokyo Institute of Technology , 2-12-1-NE-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku , Tokyo , 152-8550 , Japan .
| | - Osamu Ishitani
- Department of Chemistry , Graduate School of Science and Engineering , Tokyo Institute of Technology , 2-12-1-NE-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku , Tokyo , 152-8550 , Japan .
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49
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Photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide to methanol using nickel-loaded TiO2 supported on activated carbon fiber. Catal Today 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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50
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Dey A, Maiti D, Lahiri GK. Photoelectrocatalytic Reduction of CO2
into C1 Products by Using Modified-Semiconductor-Based Catalyst Systems. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201700351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aniruddha Dey
- Department of Chemistry; IIT Bombay; Powai Mumbai 400076 India
- Current address: Department of Chemistry; Johns Hopkins University; Baltimore MD 21218 USA
| | - Debabrata Maiti
- Department of Chemistry; IIT Bombay; Powai Mumbai 400076 India
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