1
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Gashnikova D, Maurer F, Sauter E, Bernart S, Jelic J, Dolcet P, Maliakkal CB, Wang Y, Wöll C, Studt F, Kübel C, Casapu M, Grunwaldt JD. Highly Active Oxidation Catalysts through Confining Pd Clusters on CeO 2 Nano-Islands. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202408511. [PMID: 38877822 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202408511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
CeO2-supported noble metal clusters are attractive catalytic materials for several applications. However, their atomic dispersion under oxidizing reaction conditions often leads to catalyst deactivation. In this study, the noble metal cluster formation threshold is rationally adjusted by using a mixed CeO2-Al2O3 support. The preferential location of Pd on CeO2 islands leads to a high local surface noble metal concentration and promotes the in situ formation of small Pd clusters at a rather low noble metal loading (0.5 wt %), which are shown to be the active species for CO conversion at low temperatures. As elucidated by complementary in situ/operando techniques, the spatial separation of CeO2 islands on Al2O3 confines the mobility of Pd, preventing the full redispersion or the formation of larger noble metal particles and maintaining a high CO oxidation activity at low temperatures. In a broader perspective, this approach to more efficiently use the noble metal can be transferred to further systems and reactions in heterogeneous catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Gashnikova
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 20, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Florian Maurer
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 20, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Eric Sauter
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Sarah Bernart
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Jelena Jelic
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Paolo Dolcet
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 20, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Current address: Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Francesco Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Carina B Maliakkal
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT) and, Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMFi), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Yuemin Wang
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Christof Wöll
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Felix Studt
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Christian Kübel
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT) and, Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMFi), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Institute of Materials Research, Technical University Darmstadt (TUDa), Peter-Grünberg-Straße 2, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Maria Casapu
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 20, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jan-Dierk Grunwaldt
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 20, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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2
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Yohannes AG, Fink K, Kondov I. Pt nanoparticles under oxidizing conditions - implications of particle size, adsorption sites and oxygen coverage on stability. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:4554-4569. [PMID: 36341292 PMCID: PMC9595194 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00490a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Platinum nanoparticles are efficient catalysts for different reactions, such as oxidation of carbon and nitrogen monoxides. Adsorption and interaction of oxygen with the nanoparticle surface, taking place under reaction conditions, determine not only the catalytic efficiency but also the stability of the nanoparticles against oxidation. In this study, platinum nanoparticles in oxygen environment are investigated by systematic screening of initial nanoparticle-oxygen configurations and employing density functional theory and a thermodynamics-based approach. The structures formed at low oxygen coverages are described by adsorption of atomic oxygen on the nanoparticles whereas at high coverages oxide-like species are formed. The relative stability of adsorption configurations at different oxygen coverages, including the phase of fully oxidized nanoparticles, is investigated by constructing p-T phase diagrams for the studied systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asfaw G Yohannes
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
- Steinbuch Centre for Computing, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Karin Fink
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Ivan Kondov
- Steinbuch Centre for Computing, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
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3
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Kang B, Vincent JL, Lee Y, Ke L, Crozier PA, Zhu Q. Modeling surface spin polarization on ceria-supported Pt nanoparticles. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2022; 34:255002. [PMID: 35354123 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac62a3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we employ density functional theory simulations to investigate possible spin polarization of CeO2-(111) surface and its impact on the interactions between a ceria support and Pt nanoparticles. With a Gaussian type orbital basis, our simulations suggest that the CeO2-(111) surface exhibits a robust surface spin polarization due to the internal charge transfer between atomic Ce and O layers. In turn, it can lower the surface oxygen vacancy formation energy and enhance the oxide reducibility. We show that the inclusion of spin polarization can significantly reduce the major activation barrier in the proposed reaction pathway of CO oxidation on ceria-supported Pt nanoparticles. For metal-support interactions, surface spin polarization enhances the bonding between Pt nanoparticles and ceria surface oxygen, while CO adsorption on Pt nanoparticles weakens the interfacial interaction regardless of spin polarization. However, the stable surface spin polarization can only be found in the simulations based on the Gaussian type orbital basis. Given the potential importance in the design of future high-performance catalysts, our present study suggests a pressing need to examine the surface ferromagnetism of transition metal oxides in both experiment and theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byungkyun Kang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154, United States of America
| | - Joshua L Vincent
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, United States of America
| | - Yongbin Lee
- Ames Laboratory, US Department of Energy, Ames, IA 50011, United States of America
| | - Liqin Ke
- Ames Laboratory, US Department of Energy, Ames, IA 50011, United States of America
| | - Peter A Crozier
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, United States of America
| | - Qiang Zhu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154, United States of America
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4
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Sangnier A, Genty E, Iachella M, Sautet P, Raybaud P, Matrat M, Dujardin C, Chizallet C. Thermokinetic and Spectroscopic Mapping of Carbon Monoxide Adsorption on Highly Dispersed Pt/γ-Al 2O 3. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c04262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Sangnier
- IFP Energies Nouvelles, Institut Carnot IFPEN Transports Energies, 1 et 4 avenue de Bois-Préau, 92852 Rueil-Malmaison Cedex, France
- IFP Energies Nouvelles, Rond-Point de l’Echangeur de Solaize, BP 3, 69360 Solaize, France
| | - Eric Genty
- Univ. Lille, Centrale Lille, CNRS, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181, UCCS, Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Mathilde Iachella
- Université de Lyon, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 allée d’Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Philippe Sautet
- Université de Lyon, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 allée d’Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department, Chemistry and Biochemistry Department and CNSI, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Pascal Raybaud
- IFP Energies Nouvelles, Rond-Point de l’Echangeur de Solaize, BP 3, 69360 Solaize, France
| | - Mickaël Matrat
- IFP Energies Nouvelles, Institut Carnot IFPEN Transports Energies, 1 et 4 avenue de Bois-Préau, 92852 Rueil-Malmaison Cedex, France
| | - Christophe Dujardin
- Univ. Lille, Centrale Lille, CNRS, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181, UCCS, Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Céline Chizallet
- IFP Energies Nouvelles, Rond-Point de l’Echangeur de Solaize, BP 3, 69360 Solaize, France
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5
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Homann M, Imbihl R. Stationary stripe patterns and chemical waves on the bimetallic Rh(110)/Ni surface during the H 2 + O 2 reaction. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:19708-19715. [PMID: 34524339 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02389f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chemical wave patterns that develop in the O2 + H2 reaction on a bimetallic Rh(110)/Ni surface have been studied with photoelectron emission microscopy (PEEM) in the 10-6 to 10-4 mbar range. The bifurcation diagram for Ni coverages up to 3 monolayers (ML) was mapped out for T = 770 K. Stationary concentration patterns of macroscopic stripes as well as target patterns and irregular chemical waves were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Homann
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie und Elektrochemie, Leibniz-Universität Hannover; Callinstrasse 3A, 30167 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Ronald Imbihl
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie und Elektrochemie, Leibniz-Universität Hannover; Callinstrasse 3A, 30167 Hannover, Germany.
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6
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Alekseeva S, Strach M, Nilsson S, Fritzsche J, Zhdanov VP, Langhammer C. Grain-growth mediated hydrogen sorption kinetics and compensation effect in single Pd nanoparticles. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5427. [PMID: 34521841 PMCID: PMC8440611 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25660-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Grains constitute the building blocks of polycrystalline materials and their boundaries determine bulk physical properties like electrical conductivity, diffusivity and ductility. However, the structure and evolution of grains in nanostructured materials and the role of grain boundaries in reaction or phase transformation kinetics are poorly understood, despite likely importance in catalysis, batteries and hydrogen energy technology applications. Here we report an investigation of the kinetics of (de)hydriding phase transformations in individual Pd nanoparticles. We find dramatic evolution of single particle grain morphology upon cyclic exposure to hydrogen, which we identify as the reason for the observed rapidly slowing sorption kinetics, and as the origin of the observed kinetic compensation effect. These results shed light on the impact of grain growth on kinetic processes occurring inside nanoparticles, and provide mechanistic insight in the observed kinetic compensation effect. Grains are the building blocks of crystalline solids. Here the authors show how hydrogen-sorption induced grain-growth in Pd nanoparticles slows down the hydrogen sorption kinetics and constitutes the physical origin of corresponding kinetic compensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Alekseeva
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Michal Strach
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Sara Nilsson
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Joachim Fritzsche
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Vladimir P Zhdanov
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden.,Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
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7
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Catalytic CO Oxidation and H2O2 Direct Synthesis over Pd and Pt-Impregnated Titania Nanotubes. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11080949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Titania nanotubes (TNTs) impregnated with Pd and Pt nanoparticles are evaluated as heterogeneous catalysts in different conditions in two reactions: catalytic CO oxidation (gas phase, up to 500 °C) and H2O2 direct synthesis (liquid phase, 30 °C). The TNTs are obtained via oxidation of titanium metal and the intermediate layer-type sodium titanate Na2Ti3O7. Thereafter, the titanate layers are exfoliated and show self-rolling to TNTs, which, finally, are impregnated with Pd or Pt nanoparticles at room temperature by using Pd(ac)2 and Pt(ac)2. The resulting crystalline Pd/TNTs and Pt/TNTs are realized with different lengths (long TNTs: 2.0–2.5 µm, short TNTs: 0.23–0.27 µm) and a specific surface area up to 390 m2/g. The deposited Pd and Pt particles are 2–5 nm in diameter. The TNT-derived catalysts show good thermal (up to 500 °C) and chemical stability (in liquid-phase and gas-phase reactions). The catalytic evaluation results in a low CO oxidation light-out temperature of 150 °C for Pt/TNTs (1 wt-%) and promising H2O2 generation with a productivity of 3240 molH2O2 kgPd−1 h−1 (Pd/TNTs, 5 wt-%, 30 °C). Despite their smaller surface area, long TNTs outperform short TNTs with regard to both CO oxidation and H2O2 formation.
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8
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Serrer M, Stehle M, Schulte ML, Besser H, Pfleging W, Saraҫi E, Grunwaldt J. Spatially‐Resolved Insights Into Local Activity and Structure of Ni‐Based CO
2
Methanation Catalysts in Fixed‐Bed Reactors. ChemCatChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202100490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marc‐André Serrer
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstr. 20 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen (Germany)
| | - Matthias Stehle
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstr. 20 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Mariam L. Schulte
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstr. 20 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen (Germany)
| | - Heino Besser
- Institute for Applied Materials – Applied Materials Physics (IAM-AWP) Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen (Germany)
| | - Wilhelm Pfleging
- Institute for Applied Materials – Applied Materials Physics (IAM-AWP) Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen (Germany)
| | - Erisa Saraҫi
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstr. 20 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen (Germany)
| | - Jan‐Dierk Grunwaldt
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstr. 20 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen (Germany)
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9
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Insights into the Structural Dynamics of Pt/CeO2 Single-Site Catalysts during CO Oxidation. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11050617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite their high atomic dispersion, single site catalysts with Pt supported on CeO2 were found to have a low activity during oxidation reactions. In this study, we report the behavior of Pt/CeO2 single site catalyst under more complex gas mixtures, including CO, C3H6 and CO/C3H6 oxidation in the absence or presence of water. Our systematic operando high-energy resolution-fluorescence-detected X-ray absorption near-edge structure (HERFD-XANES) spectroscopic study combined with multivariate curve resolution with alternating least squares (MCR-ALS) analysis identified five distinct states in the Pt single site structure during CO oxidation light-off. After desorption of oxygen and autoreduction of Pt4+ to Pt2+ due to the increase of temperature, CO adsorbs and reduces Pt2+ to Ptδ+ and assists its migration with final formation of PtxΔ+ clusters. The derived structure–activity relationships indicate that partial reduction of Pt single sites is not sufficient to initiate the conversion of CO. The reaction proceeds only after the regrouping of several noble metal atoms in small clusters, as these entities are probably able to influence the mobility of the oxygen at the interface with ceria.
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10
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Maurer F, Gänzler A, Lott P, Betz B, Votsmeier M, Loridant S, Vernoux P, Murzin V, Bornmann B, Frahm R, Deutschmann O, Casapu M, Grunwaldt JD. Spatiotemporal Investigation of the Temperature and Structure of a Pt/CeO 2 Oxidation Catalyst for CO and Hydrocarbon Oxidation during Pulse Activation. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c05798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Maurer
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 20, Karlsruhe, 76131, Germany
| | - Andreas Gänzler
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 20, Karlsruhe, 76131, Germany
| | - Patrick Lott
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 20, Karlsruhe, 76131, Germany
| | - Benjamin Betz
- Umicore AG & Co. KG, Rodenbacher Chaussee 4, Hanau, 63457, Germany
| | - Martin Votsmeier
- Umicore AG & Co. KG, Rodenbacher Chaussee 4, Hanau, 63457, Germany
| | - Stéphane Loridant
- Université Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, Villeurbanne, F-69626, France
| | - Philippe Vernoux
- Université Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, Villeurbanne, F-69626, France
| | - Vadim Murzin
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, Hamburg, 22607, Germany
- Faculty 4-Physics, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, 42097, Germany
| | - Benjamin Bornmann
- Faculty 4-Physics, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, 42097, Germany
| | - Ronald Frahm
- Faculty 4-Physics, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, 42097, Germany
| | - Olaf Deutschmann
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 20, Karlsruhe, 76131, Germany
| | - Maria Casapu
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 20, Karlsruhe, 76131, Germany
| | - Jan-Dierk Grunwaldt
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 20, Karlsruhe, 76131, Germany
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11
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Effects of Hydrothermal Aging on CO and NO Oxidation Activity over Monometallic and Bimetallic Pt-Pd Catalysts. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11030300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
By combining scanning transmission electron microscopy, CO chemisorption, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy with CO and NO oxidation light-off measurements we investigated deactivation phenomena of Pt/Al2O3, Pd/Al2O3, and Pt-Pd/Al2O3 model diesel oxidation catalysts during stepwise hydrothermal aging. Aging induces significant particle sintering that results in a decline of the catalytic activity for all catalyst formulations. While the initial aging step caused the most pronounced deactivation and sintering due to Ostwald ripening, the deactivation rates decline during further aging and the catalyst stabilizes at a low level of activity. Most importantly, we observed pronounced morphological changes for the bimetallic catalyst sample: hydrothermal aging at 750 °C causes a stepwise transformation of the Pt-Pd alloy via core-shell structures into inhomogeneous agglomerates of palladium and platinum. Our study shines a light on the aging behavior of noble metal catalysts under industrially relevant conditions and particularly underscores the highly complex transformation of bimetallic Pt-Pd diesel oxidation catalysts during hydrothermal treatment.
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12
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Albinsson D, Bartling S, Nilsson S, Ström H, Fritzsche J, Langhammer C. Shedding Light on CO Oxidation Surface Chemistry on Single Pt Catalyst Nanoparticles Inside a Nanofluidic Model Pore. ACS Catal 2021; 11:2021-2033. [PMID: 33643681 PMCID: PMC7901062 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c04955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Investigating a catalyst under relevant application conditions is experimentally challenging and parameters like reaction conditions in terms of temperature, pressure, and reactant mixing ratios, as well as catalyst design, may significantly impact the obtained experimental results. For Pt catalysts widely used for the oxidation of carbon monoxide, there is keen debate on the oxidation state of the surface at high temperatures and at/above atmospheric pressure, as well as on the most active surface state under these conditions. Here, we employ a nanoreactor in combination with single-particle plasmonic nanospectroscopy to investigate individual Pt catalyst nanoparticles localized inside a nanofluidic model pore during carbon monoxide oxidation at 2 bar in the 450-550 K temperature range. As a main finding, we demonstrate that our single-particle measurements effectively resolve a kinetic phase transition during the reaction and that each individual particle has a unique response. Based on spatially resolved measurements, we furthermore observe how reactant concentration gradients formed due to conversion inside the model pore give rise to position-dependent kinetic phase transitions of the individual particles. Finally, employing extensive electrodynamics simulations, we unravel the surface chemistry of the individual Pt nanoparticles as a function of reactant composition and find strongly temperature-dependent Pt-oxide formation and oxygen spillover to the SiO2 support as the main processes. These results therefore support the existence of a Pt surface oxide in the regime of high catalyst activity and demonstrate the possibility to use plasmonic nanospectroscopy in combination with nanofluidics as a tool for in situ studies of individual catalyst particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Albinsson
- Department
of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Stephan Bartling
- Department
of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Sara Nilsson
- Department
of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Henrik Ström
- Department
of Mechanics and Maritime Sciences, Chalmers
University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
- Department
of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian
University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Joachim Fritzsche
- Department
of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Christoph Langhammer
- Department
of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
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13
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Eggart D, Zimina A, Cavusoglu G, Casapu M, Doronkin DE, Lomachenko KA, Grunwaldt JD. Versatile and high temperature spectroscopic cell for operando fluorescence and transmission x-ray absorption spectroscopic studies of heterogeneous catalysts. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2021; 92:023106. [PMID: 33648105 DOI: 10.1063/5.0038428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A modular high-temperature cell consisting of a plug-flow microreactor with a fixed catalyst bed and long heating zone has been established for operando x-ray absorption/fluorescence spectroscopic and diffraction studies. The functionality of the cell is demonstrated for two important areas: emission control using 2 wt. % Pd/Al2O3 acting as a three-way catalyst and direct conversion of methane to olefins and aromatics on a 0.5% Fe/SiO2 catalyst. The performance has been determined by online infrared spectroscopy and mass spectrometry, respectively. In addition, the cell can be combined with optical spectroscopy, such as Raman spectroscopy. The catalyst, present as powdered/sieved samples, can be measured under reaction conditions at temperatures of up to 1050 °C. Another key aspect is a long isothermal heating zone with a small temperature gradient (<3 °C/mm at 1000 °C without reaction) including an inert zone for pre-heating of the reactant gas. Due to the small size of the microreactor and the heating system including a water cooling system, heating/cooling rates of up to 100 °C/min can be achieved. Moreover, due to the compact design and the autonomous control system, the high temperature operando setup fits to the space at the majority of synchrotron beamlines. In many cases, the concentration of the element of interest in the catalysts is low requiring x-ray absorption spectroscopy measurements in the fluorescence measurement mode. Hence, the microreactor was designed to fit such needs as well. More specifically, the case of Fe-containing catalysts was particularly considered by using iron-free materials for the reactor housing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Eggart
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 20, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Anna Zimina
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Gülperi Cavusoglu
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 20, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Maria Casapu
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 20, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Dmitry E Doronkin
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 20, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Kirill A Lomachenko
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Jan-Dierk Grunwaldt
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 20, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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14
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Chen L, He C, Wang R, Li Q, Zeng J, Liu W, Wang Y, Wang Q, Ye T, Tang Y, Lei Y. Potential active sites of Mo single atoms for electrocatalytic reduction of N2. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2020.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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15
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Asakura H, Onuki T, Hosokawa S, Teramura K, Tanaka T. Self-Regeneration Process of Ni-Cu Alloy Catalysts during a Three-Way Catalytic Reaction-An Operando Study. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:55994-56003. [PMID: 33287543 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c17256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
It is important to understand the reduction processes of mixed metal oxides or metal oxide interfaces in three-way catalytic reactions toward replacing the currently used high-cost Pt group metal catalysts. The redox behavior of simple Ni-Cu alloy catalysts, which exhibit high catalytic activity and durability during a three-way catalytic reaction, was studied by operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). The operando XAS analyses revealed that Ni-Cu species changed from the NiO-Cu2O to Ni-Cu alloy and vice versa under reductive and oxidative conditions, respectively. The real-time monitoring of the oxidation states of Ni and Cu species indicated that the Cu species assisted the reduction of Ni species, in agreement with the density functional theory-based study of NiO reduction by carbon monoxide in the presence of metallic Cu nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Asakura
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyotodaigaku Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts & Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, 1-30 Goryo-Ohara, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8245, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Onuki
- Undergraduate School of Industrial Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyotodaigaku Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Saburo Hosokawa
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyotodaigaku Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts & Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, 1-30 Goryo-Ohara, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8245, Japan
| | - Kentaro Teramura
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyotodaigaku Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts & Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, 1-30 Goryo-Ohara, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8245, Japan
| | - Tsunehiro Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyotodaigaku Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts & Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, 1-30 Goryo-Ohara, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8245, Japan
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16
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Albinsson D, Boje A, Nilsson S, Tiburski C, Hellman A, Ström H, Langhammer C. Copper catalysis at operando conditions-bridging the gap between single nanoparticle probing and catalyst-bed-averaging. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4832. [PMID: 32973158 PMCID: PMC7518423 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18623-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In catalysis, nanoparticles enable chemical transformations and their structural and chemical fingerprints control activity. To develop understanding of such fingerprints, methods studying catalysts at realistic conditions have proven instrumental. Normally, these methods either probe the catalyst bed with low spatial resolution, thereby averaging out single particle characteristics, or probe an extremely small fraction only, thereby effectively ignoring most of the catalyst. Here, we bridge the gap between these two extremes by introducing highly multiplexed single particle plasmonic nanoimaging of model catalyst beds comprising 1000 nanoparticles, which are integrated in a nanoreactor platform that enables online mass spectroscopy activity measurements. Using the example of CO oxidation over Cu, we reveal how highly local spatial variations in catalyst state dynamics are responsible for contradicting information about catalyst active phase found in the literature, and identify that both surface and bulk oxidation state of a Cu nanoparticle catalyst dynamically mediate its activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Albinsson
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Astrid Boje
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Sara Nilsson
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Christopher Tiburski
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Anders Hellman
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Göteborg, Sweden
- Competence Centre for Catalysis, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Henrik Ström
- Department of Mechanics and Maritime Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Christoph Langhammer
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Göteborg, Sweden.
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17
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18
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Slinko MM, Makeev AG. Heterogeneous Catalysis and Nonlinear Dynamics. KINETICS AND CATALYSIS 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0023158420040114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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19
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Albinsson D, Bartling S, Nilsson S, Ström H, Fritzsche J, Langhammer C. Operando detection of single nanoparticle activity dynamics inside a model pore catalyst material. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaba7678. [PMID: 32596464 PMCID: PMC7304992 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aba7678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nanoconfinement in porous catalysts may induce reactant concentration gradients inside the pores due to local conversion. This leads to inefficient active material use since parts of the catalyst may be trapped in an inactive state. Experimentally, these effects remain unstudied due to material complexity and required high spatial resolution. Here, we have nanofabricated quasi-two-dimensional mimics of porous catalysts, which combine the traits of nanofluidics with single particle plasmonics and online mass spectrometry readout. Enabled by single particle resolution at operando conditions during CO oxidation over a Cu model catalyst, we directly visualize reactant concentration gradient formation due to conversion on single Cu nanoparticles inside the "model pore" and how it dynamically controls oxidation state-and, thus, activity-of particles downstream. Our results provide a general framework for single particle catalysis in the gas phase and highlight the importance of single particle approaches for the understanding of complex catalyst materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Albinsson
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Stephan Bartling
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Sara Nilsson
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Henrik Ström
- Department of Mechanics and Maritime Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
- Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Joachim Fritzsche
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Christoph Langhammer
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
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20
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Vainer BG. Infrared Thermography as a Powerful, Versatile, and Elegant Research Tool in Chemistry: Principles and Application to Catalysis and Adsorption. Chempluschem 2020; 85:1438-1454. [PMID: 32468712 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In this Review, diverse chemical problems that have been approached by means of infrared thermography (IRT) are covered in depth. Moreover, some novel steps forward in this field are made, described and discussed. Namely, the latest-generation IRT performance capabilities are harnessed in full; the initial phase of catalytic CO oxidation (called "fast ignition") is presented at the 0.01 s temporal resolution; at the same resolution, the thermal manifestation of the adsorption-desorption wave propagation after the gaseous reactant pulsed (0.6 s) wetting is exhibited. Furthermore, a radical difference in the thermal behavior of differently calcined γ-Al2 O3 supported Au catalysts, which underwent successive H2 O and CO attacks, is demonstrated, and the generally accepted fact that the catalyst temperature reflects the catalytic activity is validated experimentally. It is shown that latest-generation IRT may serve as unique and highly informative research tool in chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris G Vainer
- Novosibirsk State University, Physical Department, 2 Pirogova str., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.,Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics SB RAS, Physical Bases of Photoelectronics Department, 13 Lavrentyev av., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
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21
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Plodinec M, Nerl HC, Farra R, Willinger MG, Stotz E, Schlögl R, Lunkenbein T. Versatile Homebuilt Gas Feed and Analysis System for Operando TEM of Catalysts at Work. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2020; 26:220-228. [PMID: 32115001 DOI: 10.1017/s143192762000015x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how catalysts work during chemical reactions is crucial when developing efficient catalytic materials. The dynamic processes involved are extremely sensitive to changes in pressure, gas environment and temperature. Hence, there is a need for spatially resolved operando techniques to investigate catalysts under working conditions and over time. The use of dedicated operando techniques with added detection of catalytic conversion presents a unique opportunity to study the mechanisms underlying the catalytic reactions systematically. Herein, we report on the detailed setup and technical capabilities of a modular, homebuilt gas feed system directly coupled to a quadrupole mass spectrometer, which allows for operando transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies of heterogeneous catalysts. The setup is compatible with conventional, commercially available gas cell TEM holders, making it widely accessible and reproducible by the community. In addition, the operando functionality of the setup was tested using CO oxidation over Pt nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milivoj Plodinec
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hannah C Nerl
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ramzi Farra
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marc G Willinger
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eugen Stotz
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Schlögl
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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22
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Plodinec M, Nerl HC, Girgsdies F, Schlögl R, Lunkenbein T. Insights into Chemical Dynamics and Their Impact on the Reactivity of Pt Nanoparticles during CO Oxidation by Operando TEM. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b03692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Milivoj Plodinec
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hannah C. Nerl
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Girgsdies
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Schlögl
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Thomas Lunkenbein
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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23
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Ferré G, Aouine M, Bosselet F, Burel L, Cadete Santos Aires FJ, Geantet C, Ntais S, Maurer F, Casapu M, Grunwaldt JD, Epicier T, Loridant S, Vernoux P. Exploiting the dynamic properties of Pt on ceria for low-temperature CO oxidation. Catal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cy00732c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Low-temperature redispersion leads to an intermediate Pt monolayer arrangement, very active for CO oxidation.
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24
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Schade OR, Gaur A, Zimina A, Saraçi E, Grunwaldt JD. Mechanistic insights into the selective oxidation of 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural over silver-based catalysts. Catal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cy00878h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Silver-catalyzed oxidation of 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural (HMF) to 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furancarboxylic acid (HFCA) was investigated using in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy under reaction conditions over Ag/ZrO2 and Ag/TiO2 catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver R. Schade
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP)
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT)
| | - Abhijeet Gaur
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP)
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT)
| | - Anna Zimina
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP)
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT)
| | - Erisa Saraçi
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP)
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT)
| | - Jan-Dierk Grunwaldt
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP)
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT)
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25
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Gänzler AM, Casapu M, Doronkin DE, Maurer F, Lott P, Glatzel P, Votsmeier M, Deutschmann O, Grunwaldt JD. Unravelling the Different Reaction Pathways for Low Temperature CO Oxidation on Pt/CeO 2 and Pt/Al 2O 3 by Spatially Resolved Structure-Activity Correlations. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:7698-7705. [PMID: 31730353 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b02768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Spatially resolved operando HERFD-XANES (high energy resolution fluorescence detected X-ray absorption near edge structure) complemented by CO concentration gradient profiles along the catalyst bed (SpaciPro) was used to identify the dominant reaction paths for the low and high temperature CO oxidation on Pt/CeO2 and Pt/Al2O3. At low temperatures, features associated with CO adsorption on Pt were found for both catalysts. During the oxidation reaction light-off, the evolution of the spectral and catalytic profile diverged along the catalyst bed. The CO oxidation rate was high on Pt/CeO2 from the beginning of the catalyst bed with CO being adsorbed on Pt, whereas low CO conversion due to strong CO poisoning was found on Pt/Al2O3. This correlation of the CO concentration gradient with unique insight by HERFD-XANES gave direct proof of the crucial contribution of the Pt-CeO2 perimeter sites overcoming the CO self-inhibition effect at low temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas M Gänzler
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP) , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Engesserstraße 20 , 76131 Karlsruhe , Germany
| | - Maria Casapu
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP) , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Engesserstraße 20 , 76131 Karlsruhe , Germany
| | - Dmitry E Doronkin
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP) , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Engesserstraße 20 , 76131 Karlsruhe , Germany
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT) , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 , 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen , Germany
| | - Florian Maurer
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP) , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Engesserstraße 20 , 76131 Karlsruhe , Germany
| | - Patrick Lott
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP) , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Engesserstraße 20 , 76131 Karlsruhe , Germany
| | - Pieter Glatzel
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility , 71 avenue des Martyrs CS 40220, 38000 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Martin Votsmeier
- Umicore AG & Co. KG , Rodenbacher Chaussee 4 , 63457 Hanau , Germany
| | - Olaf Deutschmann
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP) , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Engesserstraße 20 , 76131 Karlsruhe , Germany
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT) , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 , 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen , Germany
| | - Jan-Dierk Grunwaldt
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP) , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Engesserstraße 20 , 76131 Karlsruhe , Germany
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT) , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 , 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen , Germany
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26
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Svintsitskiy DA, Kibis LS, Stadnichenko AI, Slavinskaya EM, Romanenko AV, Fedorova EA, Stonkus OA, Doronkin DE, Marchuk V, Zimina A, Casapu M, Grunwaldt J, Boronin AI. Insight into the Nature of Active Species of Pt/Al
2
O
3
Catalysts for low Temperature NH
3
Oxidation. ChemCatChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201901719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry A. Svintsitskiy
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis Pr. Lavrentieva 5 Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
- Novosibirsk State University Pirogova St. 2 Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
| | - Lidiya S. Kibis
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis Pr. Lavrentieva 5 Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
- Novosibirsk State University Pirogova St. 2 Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
| | - Andrey I. Stadnichenko
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis Pr. Lavrentieva 5 Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
- Novosibirsk State University Pirogova St. 2 Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
| | - Elena M. Slavinskaya
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis Pr. Lavrentieva 5 Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
- Novosibirsk State University Pirogova St. 2 Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
| | | | | | - Olga A. Stonkus
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis Pr. Lavrentieva 5 Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
- Novosibirsk State University Pirogova St. 2 Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
| | - Dmitry E. Doronkin
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstr. 20 Karlsruhe 76131 Germany
- Institute of Catalysis Research and TechnologyKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344 Germany
| | - Vasyl Marchuk
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstr. 20 Karlsruhe 76131 Germany
| | - Anna Zimina
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstr. 20 Karlsruhe 76131 Germany
- Institute of Catalysis Research and TechnologyKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344 Germany
| | - Maria Casapu
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstr. 20 Karlsruhe 76131 Germany
| | - Jan‐Dierk Grunwaldt
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstr. 20 Karlsruhe 76131 Germany
- Institute of Catalysis Research and TechnologyKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344 Germany
| | - Andrei I. Boronin
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis Pr. Lavrentieva 5 Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
- Novosibirsk State University Pirogova St. 2 Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
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27
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Li H, Ho W, Cao J, Park D, Lee SC, Huang Y. Active Complexes on Engineered Crystal Facets of MnO x-CeO 2 and Scale-Up Demonstration on an Air Cleaner for Indoor Formaldehyde Removal. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:10906-10916. [PMID: 31441306 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b03197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Crystal facet-dominated surfaces determine the formation of surface-active complexes, and engineering specific facets is desirable for improving the catalytic activity of routine transition-metal oxides that often deactivate at low temperatures. Herein, MnOx-CeO2 was synthetically administered to tailor the exposure of three major facets, and their distinct surface-active complexes concerning the formation and quantitative effects of oxygen vacancies, catalytically active zones, and active-site behaviors were unraveled. Compared with two other low-index facets {110} and {001}, MnOx-CeO2 with exposed {111} facet showed higher activity for formaldehyde oxidation and CO2 selectivity. However, the {110} facet did not increase activity despite generating additional oxygen vacancies. Oxygen vacancies were highly stable on the {111} facet, and its bulk lattice oxygen at high migration rates could replenish the consumption of surface lattice oxygen, which was associated with activity and stability. High catalytically active regions were exposed at the {111}-dominated surfaces, wherein the predominated Lewis acid-base properties facilitated oxygen mobility and activation. The mineralization pathways of formaldehyde were examined by a combination of in situ X-ray photoemission spectroscopy and diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectrometry. The MnOx-CeO2-111 catalysts were subsequently scaled up to work as filter substrates in a household air cleaner. In in-field pilot tests, 8 h of exposure to an average concentration of formaldehyde after start-up of the air cleaner attained the Excellent Class of Indoor Air Quality Objectives in Hong Kong.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiwei Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hong Kong , China
| | - Wingkei Ho
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies , The Education University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , China
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution , The City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , China
| | - Junji Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG) and Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics , Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xi'an 710061 , China
| | - Duckshin Park
- Transportation Environmental Research Team , The Korea Railroad Research Institute , Gyeonggi-do 16105 , South Korea
| | - Shun-Cheng Lee
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hong Kong , China
| | - Yu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG) and Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics , Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xi'an 710061 , China
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28
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Dann EK, Gibson EK, Catlow CRA, Celorrio V, Collier P, Eralp T, Amboage M, Hardacre C, Stere C, Kroner A, Raj A, Rogers S, Goguet A, Wells PP. Combined spatially resolved operando spectroscopy: New insights into kinetic oscillations of CO oxidation on Pd/γ-Al2O3. J Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2019.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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29
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Newton MA, Checchia S, Knorpp AJ, Stoian D, van Beek W, Emerich H, Longo A, van Bokhoven JA. On isothermality in some commonly used plug flow reactors for X-ray based investigations of catalysts. Catal Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cy00464e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
We compare two reactor setups commonly used to make operando measurements of catalyst behavior using X-rays in terms of the degree to which they may be considered to yield radial and axial isothermality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A. Newton
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering
- ETH Zürich
- Switzerland
| | - Stefano Checchia
- ID 15
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility
- 38043 Grenoble
- France
| | - Amy J. Knorpp
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering
- ETH Zürich
- Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | - Jeroen A. van Bokhoven
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering
- ETH Zürich
- Switzerland
- Laboratory for catalysis and sustainable chemistry
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30
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Oxidation State and Dielectric Properties of Ceria-Based Catalysts by Complementary Microwave Cavity Perturbation and X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy Measurements. Top Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-018-1110-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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31
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Schedlbauer T, Lott P, Casapu M, Störmer H, Deutschmann O, Grunwaldt JD. Impact of the Support on the Catalytic Performance, Inhibition Effects and SO2 Poisoning Resistance of Pt-Based Formaldehyde Oxidation Catalysts. Top Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-018-1122-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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32
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Critical Review of Low-Temperature CO Oxidation and Hysteresis Phenomenon on Heterogeneous Catalysts. Catalysts 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/catal8120660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a growing demand for new heterogeneous catalysts for cost-effective catalysis. Currently, the hysteresis phenomenon during low-temperature CO oxidation is an important topic in heterogeneous catalysis. Hysteresis provides important information about fluctuating reaction conditions that affect the regeneration of active sites and indicate the restoration of catalyst activity. Understanding its dynamic behavior, such as hysteresis and self-sustained kinetic oscillations, during CO oxidation, is crucial for the development of cost-effective, stable and long-lasting catalysts. Hysteresis during CO oxidation has a direct influence on many industrial processes and its understanding can be beneficial to a broad range of applications, including long-life CO2 lasers, gas masks, catalytic converters, sensors, indoor air quality, etc. This review considers the most recent reported advancements in the field of hysteresis behavior during CO oxidation which shed light on the origin of this phenomenon and the parameters that influence the type, shape, and width of the conversion of the hysteresis curves.
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Zhou Y, Doronkin DE, Zhao Z, Plessow PN, Jelic J, Detlefs B, Pruessmann T, Studt F, Grunwaldt JD. Photothermal Catalysis over Nonplasmonic Pt/TiO2 Studied by Operando HERFD-XANES, Resonant XES, and DRIFTS. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b03724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhou
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, 610500, China
| | - Dmitry E. Doronkin
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Ziyan Zhao
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, 610500, China
| | - Philipp N. Plessow
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Jelena Jelic
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Blanka Detlefs
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Tim Pruessmann
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Felix Studt
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Jan-Dierk Grunwaldt
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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34
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Portela R, Perez-Ferreras S, Serrano-Lotina A, Bañares MA. Engineering operando methodology: Understanding catalysis in time and space. Front Chem Sci Eng 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11705-018-1740-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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35
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Smolinsky T, Homann M, von Boehn B, Gregoratti L, Amati M, Al-Hada M, Sezen H, Imbihl R. Chemical waves in the O 2 + H 2 reaction on a Rh(111) surface alloyed with nickel. II. Photoelectron spectroscopy and microscopy. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:154705. [PMID: 29679964 DOI: 10.1063/1.5020381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical waves in the H2 + O2 reaction on a Rh(111) surface alloyed with Ni [ΘNi < 1.5 monolayers (ML)] have been investigated in the 10-7 and 10-6 mbar range at T = 773 K using scanning photoelectron microscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy as in situ methods. The local intensity variations of the O 1s and the Ni 2p signal display an anticorrelated behavior. The coincidence of a high oxygen signal with a low Ni 2p intensity, which seemingly contradicts the chemical attraction between O and Ni, has been explained with a phase separation of the oxygen covered Rh(111)/Ni surface into a 3D-Ni oxide and into a Ni poor metallic phase. Macroscopic NiO islands (≈1 μm size) formed under reaction conditions have been identified as 2D-Ni oxide. Titration experiments of the oxygen covered Rh(111)/Ni surface with H2 demonstrated that the reactivity of oxygen is decreased by an order of magnitude through the addition of 0.6 ML Ni. An excitation mechanism is proposed in which the periodic formation and reduction of NiO modulate the catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Smolinsky
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie und Elektrochemie, Leibniz-Universität Hannover, Callinstr. 3A, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Mathias Homann
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie und Elektrochemie, Leibniz-Universität Hannover, Callinstr. 3A, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Bernhard von Boehn
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie und Elektrochemie, Leibniz-Universität Hannover, Callinstr. 3A, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Luca Gregoratti
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., SS 14-Km 163.5 in Area Science Park, I-34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Matteo Amati
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., SS 14-Km 163.5 in Area Science Park, I-34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Mohamed Al-Hada
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., SS 14-Km 163.5 in Area Science Park, I-34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Hikmet Sezen
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., SS 14-Km 163.5 in Area Science Park, I-34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Ronald Imbihl
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie und Elektrochemie, Leibniz-Universität Hannover, Callinstr. 3A, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
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36
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Gänzler AM, Casapu M, Maurer F, Störmer H, Gerthsen D, Ferré G, Vernoux P, Bornmann B, Frahm R, Murzin V, Nachtegaal M, Votsmeier M, Grunwaldt JD. Tuning the Pt/CeO2 Interface by in Situ Variation of the Pt Particle Size. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b00330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas M. Gänzler
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 20, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Maria Casapu
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 20, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Florian Maurer
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 20, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Heike Störmer
- Laboratory for Electron Microscopy, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 7, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Dagmar Gerthsen
- Laboratory for Electron Microscopy, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 7, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Géraldine Ferré
- Université de Lyon, Institut de Recherches sur la Catalyse et l’Environnement de Lyon (IRCELYON), UMR 5256, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 2 avenue A. Einstein, 69626 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Philippe Vernoux
- Université de Lyon, Institut de Recherches sur la Catalyse et l’Environnement de Lyon (IRCELYON), UMR 5256, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 2 avenue A. Einstein, 69626 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Benjamin Bornmann
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, Gaußstraße 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Ronald Frahm
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, Gaußstraße 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Vadim Murzin
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maarten Nachtegaal
- Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), PSI Aarebrücke, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Martin Votsmeier
- Umicore AG & Co. KG, Rodenbacher Chaussee 4, 63457 Hanau, Germany
| | - Jan-Dierk Grunwaldt
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 20, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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37
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Müller SA, Degler D, Feldmann C, Türk M, Moos R, Fink K, Studt F, Gerthsen D, Bârsan N, Grunwaldt JD. Exploiting Synergies in Catalysis and Gas Sensing using Noble Metal-Loaded Oxide Composites. ChemCatChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201701545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina A. Müller
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP); Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - David Degler
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry; University of Tübingen (EKUT); 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Claus Feldmann
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry (AOC); Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Michael Türk
- Institute for Technical Thermodynamics and Refrigeration (ITTK); Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Ralf Moos
- Department of Functional Materials; University of Bayreuth; 95447 Bayreuth Germany
| | - Karin Fink
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT); Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Felix Studt
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP); Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT); Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Dagmar Gerthsen
- Laboratory for Electron Microscopy (LEM); Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Nicolae Bârsan
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry; University of Tübingen (EKUT); 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Jan-Dierk Grunwaldt
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP); Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT); Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
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38
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Gänzler AM, Casapu M, Vernoux P, Loridant S, Cadete Santos Aires FJ, Epicier T, Betz B, Hoyer R, Grunwaldt JD. Tuning the Structure of Platinum Particles on Ceria In Situ for Enhancing the Catalytic Performance of Exhaust Gas Catalysts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201707842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas M. Gänzler
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP); Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Engesserstr. 20 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Maria Casapu
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP); Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Engesserstr. 20 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Philippe Vernoux
- Institut de Recherches sur la Catalyse et l'Environnement de Lyon; UMR 5256; CNRS; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Université de Lyon; 2 Avenue Albert Einstein 69626 Villeurbanne France
| | - Stéphane Loridant
- Institut de Recherches sur la Catalyse et l'Environnement de Lyon; UMR 5256; CNRS; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Université de Lyon; 2 Avenue Albert Einstein 69626 Villeurbanne France
| | - Francisco J. Cadete Santos Aires
- Institut de Recherches sur la Catalyse et l'Environnement de Lyon; UMR 5256; CNRS; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Université de Lyon; 2 Avenue Albert Einstein 69626 Villeurbanne France
| | - Thierry Epicier
- Matériaux; Ingénierie et Science, UMR 5510; CNRS, INSA de Lyon; Université de Lyon; 2 Avenue Albert Einstein 69626 Villeurbanne France
| | - Benjamin Betz
- Umicore AG & Co. KG; Rodenbacher Chaussee 4 63457 Hanau Germany
- Ernst-Berl Institut; Technische Universität Darmstadt; Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Rüdiger Hoyer
- Umicore AG & Co. KG; Rodenbacher Chaussee 4 63457 Hanau Germany
| | - Jan-Dierk Grunwaldt
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP); Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Engesserstr. 20 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
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39
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Gänzler AM, Casapu M, Vernoux P, Loridant S, Cadete Santos Aires FJ, Epicier T, Betz B, Hoyer R, Grunwaldt JD. Tuning the Structure of Platinum Particles on Ceria In Situ for Enhancing the Catalytic Performance of Exhaust Gas Catalysts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:13078-13082. [PMID: 28796399 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201707842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A dynamic structural behavior of Pt nanoparticles on the ceria surface under reducing/oxidizing conditions was found at moderate temperatures (<500 °C) and exploited to enhance the catalytic activity of Pt/CeO2 -based exhaust gas catalysts. Redispersion of platinum in an oxidizing atmosphere already occurred at 400 °C. A protocol with reducing pulses at 250-400 °C was applied in a subsequent step for controlled Pt-particle formation. Operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy unraveled the different extent of reduction and sintering of Pt particles: The choice of the reductant allowed the tuning of the reduction degree/particle size and thus the catalytic activity (CO>H2 >C3 H6 ). This dynamic nature of Pt on ceria at such low temperatures (250-500 °C) was additionally confirmed by in situ environmental transmission electron microscopy. A general concept is proposed to adjust the noble metal dispersion (size, structure), for example, during operation of an exhaust gas catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas M Gänzler
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 20, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Maria Casapu
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 20, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Philippe Vernoux
- Institut de Recherches sur la Catalyse et l'Environnement de Lyon, UMR 5256, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 2 Avenue Albert Einstein, 69626, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Stéphane Loridant
- Institut de Recherches sur la Catalyse et l'Environnement de Lyon, UMR 5256, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 2 Avenue Albert Einstein, 69626, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Francisco J Cadete Santos Aires
- Institut de Recherches sur la Catalyse et l'Environnement de Lyon, UMR 5256, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 2 Avenue Albert Einstein, 69626, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Thierry Epicier
- Matériaux, Ingénierie et Science, UMR 5510, CNRS, INSA de Lyon, Université de Lyon, 2 Avenue Albert Einstein, 69626, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Benjamin Betz
- Umicore AG & Co. KG, Rodenbacher Chaussee 4, 63457, Hanau, Germany.,Ernst-Berl Institut, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Hoyer
- Umicore AG & Co. KG, Rodenbacher Chaussee 4, 63457, Hanau, Germany
| | - Jan-Dierk Grunwaldt
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 20, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
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40
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Surface Oxidation of Supported Ni Particles and Its Impact on the Catalytic Performance during Dynamically Operated Methanation of CO2. Catalysts 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/catal7090279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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41
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Hansen TK, Høj M, Hansen BB, Janssens TVW, Jensen AD. The Effect of Pt Particle Size on the Oxidation of CO, C3H6, and NO Over Pt/Al2O3 for Diesel Exhaust Aftertreatment. Top Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-017-0818-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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42
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Wan E, Travert A, Quignard F, Tichit D, Tanchoux N, Petitjean H. Modulating Properties of Pure ZrO2
for Structure-activity Relationships in Acid-base Catalysis: Contribution of the Alginate Preparation Route. ChemCatChem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201700171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Wan
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier, UMR 5253 CNRS-UM-ENSCM; Matériaux Avancés pour la Catalyse et la Santé, ENSCM; 8 rue Ecole Normale 34296 Montpellier Cedex 5 France
| | - Arnaud Travert
- Normandie Univ., ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS; Laboratoire Catalyse et Spectrochimie; 14000 Caen France
| | - Françoise Quignard
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier, UMR 5253 CNRS-UM-ENSCM; Matériaux Avancés pour la Catalyse et la Santé, ENSCM; 8 rue Ecole Normale 34296 Montpellier Cedex 5 France
| | - Didier Tichit
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier, UMR 5253 CNRS-UM-ENSCM; Matériaux Avancés pour la Catalyse et la Santé, ENSCM; 8 rue Ecole Normale 34296 Montpellier Cedex 5 France
| | - Nathalie Tanchoux
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier, UMR 5253 CNRS-UM-ENSCM; Matériaux Avancés pour la Catalyse et la Santé, ENSCM; 8 rue Ecole Normale 34296 Montpellier Cedex 5 France
| | - Hugo Petitjean
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier, UMR 5253 CNRS-UM-ENSCM; Matériaux Avancés pour la Catalyse et la Santé, ENSCM; 8 rue Ecole Normale 34296 Montpellier Cedex 5 France
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43
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Avanesian T, Dai S, Kale MJ, Graham GW, Pan X, Christopher P. Quantitative and Atomic-Scale View of CO-Induced Pt Nanoparticle Surface Reconstruction at Saturation Coverage via DFT Calculations Coupled with in Situ TEM and IR. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:4551-4558. [PMID: 28263592 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b01081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Atomic-scale insights into how supported metal nanoparticles catalyze chemical reactions are critical for the optimization of chemical conversion processes. It is well-known that different geometric configurations of surface atoms on supported metal nanoparticles have different catalytic reactivity and that the adsorption of reactive species can cause reconstruction of metal surfaces. Thus, characterizing metallic surface structures under reaction conditions at atomic scale is critical for understanding reactivity. Elucidation of such insights on high surface area oxide supported metal nanoparticles has been limited by less than atomic resolution typically achieved by environmental transmission electron microscopy (TEM) when operated under realistic conditions and a lack of correlated experimental measurements providing quantitative information about the distribution of exposed surface atoms under relevant reaction conditions. We overcome these limitations by correlating density functional theory predictions of adsorbate-induced surface reconstruction visually with atom-resolved imaging by in situ TEM and quantitatively with sample-averaged measurements of surface atom configurations by in situ infrared spectroscopy all at identical saturation adsorbate coverage. This is demonstrated for platinum (Pt) nanoparticle surface reconstruction induced by CO adsorption at saturation coverage and elevated (>400 K) temperature, which is relevant for the CO oxidation reaction under cold-start conditions in the catalytic convertor. Through our correlated approach, it is observed that the truncated octahedron shape adopted by bare Pt nanoparticles undergoes a reversible, facet selective reconstruction due to saturation CO coverage, where {100} facets roughen into vicinal stepped high Miller index facets, while {111} facets remain intact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talin Avanesian
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, ⊥Program in Materials Science and Engineering, and #UCR Center for Catalysis, University of California Riverside , Riverside, California 92521, United States.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and ∥Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Irvine , Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Sheng Dai
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, ⊥Program in Materials Science and Engineering, and #UCR Center for Catalysis, University of California Riverside , Riverside, California 92521, United States.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and ∥Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Irvine , Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Matthew J Kale
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, ⊥Program in Materials Science and Engineering, and #UCR Center for Catalysis, University of California Riverside , Riverside, California 92521, United States.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and ∥Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Irvine , Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - George W Graham
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, ⊥Program in Materials Science and Engineering, and #UCR Center for Catalysis, University of California Riverside , Riverside, California 92521, United States.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and ∥Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Irvine , Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Xiaoqing Pan
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, ⊥Program in Materials Science and Engineering, and #UCR Center for Catalysis, University of California Riverside , Riverside, California 92521, United States.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and ∥Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Irvine , Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Phillip Christopher
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, ⊥Program in Materials Science and Engineering, and #UCR Center for Catalysis, University of California Riverside , Riverside, California 92521, United States.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and ∥Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Irvine , Irvine, California 92697, United States
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44
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Time Resolved Operando X-ray Techniques in Catalysis, a Case Study: CO Oxidation by O2 over Pt Surfaces and Alumina Supported Pt Catalysts. Catalysts 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/catal7020058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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45
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Kalz KF, Kraehnert R, Dvoyashkin M, Dittmeyer R, Gläser R, Krewer U, Reuter K, Grunwaldt J. Future Challenges in Heterogeneous Catalysis: Understanding Catalysts under Dynamic Reaction Conditions. ChemCatChem 2017; 9:17-29. [PMID: 28239429 PMCID: PMC5299475 DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201600996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
In the future, (electro-)chemical catalysts will have to be more tolerant towards a varying supply of energy and raw materials. This is mainly due to the fluctuating nature of renewable energies. For example, power-to-chemical processes require a shift from steady-state operation towards operation under dynamic reaction conditions. This brings along a number of demands for the design of both catalysts and reactors, because it is well-known that the structure of catalysts is very dynamic. However, in-depth studies of catalysts and catalytic reactors under such transient conditions have only started recently. This requires studies and advances in the fields of 1) operando spectroscopy including time-resolved methods, 2) theory with predictive quality, 3) kinetic modelling, 4) design of catalysts by appropriate preparation concepts, and 5) novel/modular reactor designs. An intensive exchange between these scientific disciplines will enable a substantial gain of fundamental knowledge which is urgently required. This concept article highlights recent developments, challenges, and future directions for understanding catalysts under dynamic reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai F. Kalz
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)D-76344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
| | - Ralph Kraehnert
- Department of ChemistryTechnische Universität BerlinD-10623BerlinGermany
| | - Muslim Dvoyashkin
- Institute of Chemical TechnologyUniversität LeipzigD-04103LeipzigGermany
| | - Roland Dittmeyer
- Institute for Micro Process Engineering (IMVT)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)D-76344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
| | - Roger Gläser
- Institute of Chemical TechnologyUniversität LeipzigD-04103LeipzigGermany
| | - Ulrike Krewer
- Institute of Energy and Process Systems EngineeringTU BraunschweigD-38106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Karsten Reuter
- Chair for Theoretical Chemistry and Catalysis Research CenterTechnische Universität MünchenD-85747GarchingGermany
| | - Jan‐Dierk Grunwaldt
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)D-76344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)D-76131KarlsruheGermany
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46
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Dou J, Sun Z, Opalade AA, Wang N, Fu W, Tao F(F. Operando chemistry of catalyst surfaces during catalysis. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:2001-2027. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00931j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The chemistry of a catalyst surface during catalysis is crucial for a fundamental understanding of the mechanisms of a catalytic reaction performed on the catalyst in the gas or liquid phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Dou
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering and Department of Chemistry
- University of Kansas
- Lawrence
- USA
| | - Zaicheng Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Beijing University of Technology
- Beijing
- China
| | - Adedamola A. Opalade
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering and Department of Chemistry
- University of Kansas
- Lawrence
- USA
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering and Department of Chemistry
- University of Kansas
- Lawrence
- USA
| | - Wensheng Fu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Green Synthesis and Applications and College of Chemistry
- Chongqing Normal University
- Chongqing
- China
| | - Franklin (Feng) Tao
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering and Department of Chemistry
- University of Kansas
- Lawrence
- USA
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47
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Goguet A, Stewart C, Touitou J, Morgan K. In Situ Spatially Resolved Techniques for the Investigation of Packed Bed Catalytic Reactors: Current Status and Future Outlook of Spaci-FB. ADVANCES IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ache.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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48
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Benzi F, Sheppard TL, Doronkin DE, Meira DM, Gänzler AM, Baier S, Grunwaldt JD. Transient structural and catalytic behaviour of Pt-particles probed by operando spectroscopy during a realistic driving cycle. Catal Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cy00926g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Pt catalysts investigated with operando XAS under rapid transient temperature automotive driving cycle conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Benzi
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
- 76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | - Thomas L. Sheppard
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
- 76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology
| | - Dmitry E. Doronkin
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
- 76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology
| | | | - Andreas M. Gänzler
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
- 76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | - Sina Baier
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
- 76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | - Jan-Dierk Grunwaldt
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
- 76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology
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49
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Casapu M, Fischer A, Gänzler AM, Popescu R, Crone M, Gerthsen D, Türk M, Grunwaldt JD. Origin of the Normal and Inverse Hysteresis Behavior during CO Oxidation over Pt/Al2O3. ACS Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b02709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Casapu
- Institute
for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Anna Fischer
- Institute
for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Andreas M. Gänzler
- Institute
for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Radian Popescu
- Laboratory
for Electron Microscopy, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Marlene Crone
- Institute
for Technical Thermodynamics and Refrigeration, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Dagmar Gerthsen
- Laboratory
for Electron Microscopy, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Michael Türk
- Institute
for Technical Thermodynamics and Refrigeration, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jan-Dierk Grunwaldt
- Institute
for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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50
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Detecting and utilizing minority phases in heterogeneous catalysis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37597. [PMID: 27883033 PMCID: PMC5121607 DOI: 10.1038/srep37597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly active phases in carbon monoxide oxidation are known, however they are transient in nature. Here, we determined for the first time the structure of such a highly active phase on platinum nanoparticles in an actual reactor. Unlike generally assumed, the surface of this phase is virtually free of adsorbates and co-exists with carbon-monoxide covered and surface oxidized platinum. Understanding the relation between gas composition and catalyst structure at all times and locations within a reactor enabled the rational design of a reactor concept, which maximizes the amount of the highly active phase and minimizes the amount of platinum needed.
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