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Zambrano N, Trueba D, Hita I, Palos R, Azkoiti J, Gutiérrez A, Castaño P. Mechanistic Insight into Heteroatom Removal from Vacuum Gas Oil Blended with PMMA or PET Waste. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024; 17:e202400581. [PMID: 38747418 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202400581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
This work analyzes vacuum gas oil (VGO) and hydrocracking products of this feed blended with polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) or polyethylene terephthalate (PET) to clarify the oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur removal pathways in these complex mixtures. Hydrocracking reactions are conducted in a semi-batch reactor with a Pt-Pd/HY bifunctional catalyst at 400 °C and 80 bar for 300 min with 10 wt % waste plastic using 0.1 catalyst/feed weight ratio. The samples are analyzed using various techniques, including high-resolution mass spectrometry, providing an improved, more detailed analytical representation. The results demonstrate the synergistic effect of cofeeding oxygenated plastics to the VGO, altering the preferential reaction pathways of heteroatom-containing species in the following order: nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. We assess the nature of the species from the gathered data, establish plausible reaction mechanisms, and evaluate the catalyst's role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naydu Zambrano
- Multiscale Reaction Engineering, KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - David Trueba
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, PO Box 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Idoia Hita
- Multiscale Reaction Engineering, KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Roberto Palos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, PO Box 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Josune Azkoiti
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Plaza Ingeniero Torres Quevedo 1, 48013, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Alazne Gutiérrez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, PO Box 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Pedro Castaño
- Multiscale Reaction Engineering, KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Chemical Engineering Program, Physical Science and Engineering (PSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
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2
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Valderrama-Zapata R, García-Sánchez JT, Vargas-Montañez OJ, Rincón-Ortiz SA, Mora-Vergara ID, Pérez-Martínez D, Morales-Valencia EM, Baldovino-Medrano VG. Interplay Between Ni and Brønsted and Lewis Acid Sites in the Hydrodesulfurization of Dibenzothiophene. Chemphyschem 2024; 25:e202300987. [PMID: 38653714 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202300987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Ni-MoS2/γ-Al2O3 catalysts are commonly used in hydrotreating to enhance fossil fuel quality. The extensive research on these catalysts reveals a gap in understanding the role of Ni, often underestimated as an inactive sulfide phase or just a MoS2 promoter. In this work, we focused on analyzing whether well-dispersed supported nickel nanoparticles can be active in the hydrodesulfurization of dibenzothiophene. We dispersed Ni by Strong Electrostatic Adsorption (SEA) method across four supports with different types of acidity: silica (~ neutral acidity), γ-Al2O3 (Lewis acidity), H+-Y zeolite, and microporous-mesoporous H+-Y zeolite (both with Brønsted-Lewis acidity). Our findings reveal that Ni is indeed active in dibenzothiophene hydrodesulfurization, even with alumina and silica as supports, although their catalytic activity declines abruptly in the first hours. Contrastingly, the acid nature of zeolites imparts sustained stability and performance, attributed to robust metal-support interactions. The efficacy of the SEA method and the added mesoporosity in zeolites further amplify catalytic efficiency. Overall, we demonstrate that Ni nanoparticles may perform as a hydrogenating metal in the same manner as noble metals such as Pt and Pd perform in hydrodesulfurization. We discuss some of the probable reasons for such performance and remark on the role of Ni in hydrotreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Valderrama-Zapata
- Centro de Investigaciones en Catálisis (CICAT), Universidad Industrial de Santander, Parque Tecnológico Guatiguará, km 2 vía Guatiguará, El Refugio, Piedecuesta, Santander, 681011, Colombia
| | - Julieth T García-Sánchez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Catálisis (CICAT), Universidad Industrial de Santander, Parque Tecnológico Guatiguará, km 2 vía Guatiguará, El Refugio, Piedecuesta, Santander, 681011, Colombia
- Laboratorio Central de Ciencia de Superficies (SurfLab), Universidad Industrial de Santander, Parque Tecnológico Guatiguará, km 2 vía Guatiguará, El Refugio, Piedecuesta, Santander, 681011, Colombia
| | - Omar J Vargas-Montañez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Catálisis (CICAT), Universidad Industrial de Santander, Parque Tecnológico Guatiguará, km 2 vía Guatiguará, El Refugio, Piedecuesta, Santander, 681011, Colombia
| | - Sergio A Rincón-Ortiz
- Centro de Investigaciones en Catálisis (CICAT), Universidad Industrial de Santander, Parque Tecnológico Guatiguará, km 2 vía Guatiguará, El Refugio, Piedecuesta, Santander, 681011, Colombia
- Laboratorio Central de Ciencia de Superficies (SurfLab), Universidad Industrial de Santander, Parque Tecnológico Guatiguará, km 2 vía Guatiguará, El Refugio, Piedecuesta, Santander, 681011, Colombia
| | - Iván D Mora-Vergara
- Centro de Investigaciones en Catálisis (CICAT), Universidad Industrial de Santander, Parque Tecnológico Guatiguará, km 2 vía Guatiguará, El Refugio, Piedecuesta, Santander, 681011, Colombia
- Grupo de Investigación en Reingeniería, Innovación y Productividad (GREIP), Instituto Universitario de la Paz, Centro de Investigaciones Santa Lucía, km 14 vía, Barrancabermeja, Santander, 687038, Colombia
| | - David Pérez-Martínez
- Centro de Innovación y Tecnología (ICP), Ecopetrol S.A., km 7 vía, Piedecuesta, Santander), A.A., 4185, Colombia
| | - Edgar M Morales-Valencia
- Centro de Investigaciones en Catálisis (CICAT), Universidad Industrial de Santander, Parque Tecnológico Guatiguará, km 2 vía Guatiguará, El Refugio, Piedecuesta, Santander, 681011, Colombia
- Grupo de Investigación en Reingeniería, Innovación y Productividad (GREIP), Instituto Universitario de la Paz, Centro de Investigaciones Santa Lucía, km 14 vía, Barrancabermeja, Santander, 687038, Colombia
| | - Víctor G Baldovino-Medrano
- Centro de Investigaciones en Catálisis (CICAT), Universidad Industrial de Santander, Parque Tecnológico Guatiguará, km 2 vía Guatiguará, El Refugio, Piedecuesta, Santander, 681011, Colombia
- Laboratorio Central de Ciencia de Superficies (SurfLab), Universidad Industrial de Santander, Parque Tecnológico Guatiguará, km 2 vía Guatiguará, El Refugio, Piedecuesta, Santander, 681011, Colombia
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Shangguan J, Hensley AJ, Morgenstern L, Li Z, McEwen JS, Ma W, Cathy China YH. Brønsted Acidity of H-adatoms at Protic Solvent-Transition Metal Interfaces and its Kinetic Consequences in Electrophilic Addition Reactions. J Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2021.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Cai H, Schimmenti R, Gradiski MV, Morris RH, Mavrikakis M, Chin YHC. Mechanistic Similarities and Differences for Hydrogenation of Aromatic Heterocycles and Aliphatic Carbonyls on Sulfided Ru Nanoparticles. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c01925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haiting Cai
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Roberto Schimmenti
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Matthew V. Gradiski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Robert H. Morris
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Manos Mavrikakis
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Ya-Huei Cathy Chin
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
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Ganiyu SA. Hierarchical Hybrid Supports and Synthesis Strategies for Hydrodesulfurization of Recalcitrance Organosulfur Compounds. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:1307-1323. [PMID: 33856746 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
It is undisputed that there is a paradigm shift in the global trend of crude oil towards being more sour and heavier than usual light sources. Consequently, the hydrotreating activity becomes a bottleneck with high content of S, N, metals and other impurities than expected. On the other hand, the price of petroleum products lately witnessed instability and fell to the lowest average price (<USD 20) in recent times. In the same vein, the regulation to control the emission of toxic compounds in the atmosphere become stricter as promulgated by various policymakers. In this sense, robust hydrotreating catalysts with characteristics efficient catalytic activity, selectivity and stability are highly desirable. Recently, different approaches have been used to improve and cushion the unprecedented effect emanated from economic, social and environmental challenges posed by heavy and sour crude sources, price instability of the refined products and regulation to lower the sulfur to minimum level or zero parts per millions (ppm). Importantly, the role of support in catalysis cannot be over emphasized, whilst the surface area and porosity, mechanical and thermal stability, dispersion of active metals, acidity/basicity have been greatly improved, the increased activity, stability and selectivity has been observed significantly. In this review, hybrid supports based on aluminosilicates (zeolitic types) and other notable supports from recent literatures were explored and discussed for Ni(Co)Mo(W) supported catalysts for hydrodesulfurization (HDS) activity of heavy organosulfur molecules. The emphasis on the hybrid supports' varied characteristics for HDS of organosulfur molecules, where there are necessities for fast diffusion of reactants and products, better dispersion of MoS2 crystallites, high surface area and pore volume, and increased acidity of the catalysts are greatly emphasized. Furthermore, the progress made so far on different HDS active phases viz. noble metals, metal phosphides, intermetallic silicides, carbides and iron-zinc are highlighted in this write-up, irrespective of the support composition in the supported catalysts formulations. The need for application of predictive tools, like machine learning (ML) in the design and development of HDS catalysts, and performance evaluation of HDS activity towards achieving better catalytic operation was briefly highlighted. Finally, the review will serve as a summary of scientific efforts in this regards and bridge a gap for the newcomers to investigate the topic in a better way through proper selection and efficient catalysts design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saheed A Ganiyu
- Chemistry department, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
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Shangguan J, Hensley AJR, Gradiski MV, Pfriem N, McEwen JS, Morris RH, Chin YHC. The Role of Protons and Hydrides in the Catalytic Hydrogenolysis of Guaiacol at the Ruthenium Nanoparticle–Water Interface. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c01963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junnan Shangguan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Alyssa J. R. Hensley
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3E5, Canada
- The Gene & Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman Washington 99164, United States
| | | | - Niklas Pfriem
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Jean-Sabin McEwen
- The Gene & Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman Washington 99164, United States
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Robert H. Morris
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Ya-Huei Cathy Chin
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3E5, Canada
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Wang X, Xiao C, Mei J, Alabsi MH, Shi Y, Zhao Z, Duan A, Huang KW, Xu C. Structural Screening and Design of Dendritic Micro-Mesoporous Composites for Efficient Hydrodesulfurization of Dibenzothiophene and 4,6-Dimethyldibenzothiophene. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:40404-40414. [PMID: 32805841 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c12631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Novel dendritic micro-mesoporous TS-1/dendritic mesoporous silica nanoparticle (DMSN) composites (TD) were assembled by TS-1 nanocrystals with ultrasmall particle size and strong acidity. TS-1 seeds and DMSNs were composited via the Ti-O-Si chemical bond, which stimulate the generation of Brønsted (B) and Lewis (L) acids. The spillover d-electrons produced by the Ti element of TS-1 seeds produced a spillover of d-electrons, which could interact with the surface of MoS2 phases, thereby reducing Mo-S interactions and create sulfur vacancies that are favorable for dibenzothiophene (DBT) and 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene (4,6-DMDBT) hydrodesulfurization (HDS) reactions. The increased amount of B&L acid of NiMo/TD-2.0 with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide/sodium salicylate molar ratio of 2.0 played an important role in facilitating the hydrogenation (HYD) route of DBT HDS and the isomerization (ISO) route of 4,6-DMDBT HDS, which is more favorable for the reduction of steric hindrance of DBT and 4,6-DMDBT reactants in the HDS reaction process. The NiMo/TD-2.0 catalyst exhibited the highest turnover frequency (TOF) value and HDS reaction rate constant (kHDS) of DBT and 4,6-DMDBT due to its ultrasmall particle size, uniform spherical dendritic morphology, strong B&L acidity, and good stacking degree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xilong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, P. R. China
- KAUST Catalysis Center and Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chengkun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, P. R. China
| | - Jinlin Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, P. R. China
| | - Mohnnad H Alabsi
- KAUST Catalysis Center and Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yu Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, P. R. China
| | - Aijun Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, P. R. China
| | - Kuo-Wei Huang
- KAUST Catalysis Center and Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chunming Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, P. R. China
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Wang X, Xiao C, Zheng P, Zhao Z, Alabsi MH, Shi Y, Gao D, Duan A, Huang KW, Xu C. Dendritic micro–mesoporous composites with center-radial pores assembled by TS-1 nanocrystals to enhance hydrodesulfurization activity of dibenzothiophene and 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene. J Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2020.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Yu Y, Liang L, Liu Y, Xu C, Wang Q, Niu W, Liu C. Ni2P/Al2O3 hydrodesulfurization catalysts prepared from hypophosphite under a nitrogen atmosphere. PROGRESS IN REACTION KINETICS AND MECHANISM 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1468678319877643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A novel method for preparing Ni2P/Al2O3(L) catalysts in an N2 atmosphere by decomposition of hypophosphites was proposed, and Ni2P/Al2O3(T) catalyst was synthesized by the temperature programmed reduction method in a H2 atmosphere for comparison. These prepared catalysts were washed with deionized water to remove impurities. The X-ray diffraction, N2-adsorption specific surface area measurements, CO uptake, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were applied to characterize these catalysts. The activities of the Ni2P/Al2O3 catalysts prepared with the two different methods were tested in the dibenzothiophene hydrodesulfurization reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunwu Yu
- Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | | | - Yunxue Liu
- Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Changwei Xu
- Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Qing Wang
- Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Wanyang Niu
- Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Changwei Liu
- Institute of Petrochemistry, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin, P.R. China
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Converting Thiophene in Simulated Coking Crude Benzene to N, N-Dimethyl-2-thiophenecarboxamide by Dimethylcarbamyl Chloride Under Mild Conditions. Chem Res Chin Univ 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-019-8414-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Li S, Liu Y, Feng X, Chen X, Yang C. Insights into the reaction pathway of thiophene hydrodesulfurization over corner site of MoS2 catalyst: A density functional theory study. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2018.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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