1
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Guo RT, Zhang ZR, Xia C, Li CF, Pan WG. Recent progress of cocatalysts loaded on carbon nitride for selective photoreduction of CO 2 to CH 4. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:8548-8577. [PMID: 37128998 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr00242j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A photocatalytic system driven by solar light is one of the promising strategies for converting CO2 into valuable energy. The reduction of CO2 to CH4 is widely studied since CH4 has a high energy density as the main component of nonrenewable natural gas. Therefore, it is necessary to develop semiconductor materials with high photocatalytic activity and CH4 selectivity. Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4/CN) has attracted widespread attention for photocatalytic CO2 reduction due to its excellent redox ability and visible light response. A hybrid system constructed by loading cocatalysts on g-C3N4 can significantly improve the yield of target products, and serve as a general platform to explore the mechanism of the CO2 reduction reaction. Herein, we briefly introduce the theory of selective CO2 photoreduction and the basic properties of cocatalysts. Then, several typical configurations and modification strategies of cocatalyst/CN systems for promoting CH4 selective production are presented in detail. In particular, we systematically summarize the application of cocatalyst/CN composite photocatalysts in the selective reduction of CO2 to methane, according to the classification of cocatalysts (monometal, bimetal, metal-based compound, and nanocarbon materials). Finally, the challenges and perspectives for developing cocatalyst/g-C3N4 systems with high CH4 selectivity are presented to guide the rational design of catalysts with high performance in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Tang Guo
- College of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, People's Republic of China.
- Shanghai Non-Carbon Energy Conversion and Utilization Institute, Shanghai 200090, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Rui Zhang
- College of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, People's Republic of China.
| | - Cheng Xia
- College of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chu-Fan Li
- College of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei-Guo Pan
- College of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, People's Republic of China.
- Shanghai Non-Carbon Energy Conversion and Utilization Institute, Shanghai 200090, People's Republic of China
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2
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Xu J, Zhang J, Tao F, Liang P, Zhang P. Kilogram-scale fabrication of TiO 2 nanoparticles modified with carbon dots with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:2226-2237. [PMID: 37056612 PMCID: PMC10089113 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00886f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Incorrect discharge of dye wastewater will cause environment pollution and be very harmful to human health. Visible-light photocatalysis over large-scale synthesized semiconductor materials can become one of the feasible solutions for the practical application of purifying dye wastewater. As a new candidate, carbon dots (CDs) with unique fluorescence were fabricated on a tens of grams scale and then further applied to the kilogram-scale synthesis of a CDs/TiO2 composite by one-step heat treatment. Compared with single TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs), the CDs/TiO2 composite with a large specific surface area exhibits enhanced photo-degradation performance for methyl orange (MO). This phenomenon can be attributed to the loading of CDs in the TiO2 NPs, which is conducive to broadening the light absorption spectrum and improving absorption intensity, narrowing the band gap, charge carrier trapping, up-converting properties, and charge separation. The kilogram-scale synthesis of the CDs/TiO2 photocatalyst does not affect the morphology, structure, optical properties and photocatalytic performance of the composite, which opens up a new avenue to construct elaborate heterostructures for enhanced photocatalytic performance using visible light as the light source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaoxing University Zhejiang 312000 P. R. China
| | - Jiayan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaoxing University Zhejiang 312000 P. R. China
| | - Feifei Tao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaoxing University Zhejiang 312000 P. R. China
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201210 P. R. China
| | - Pengfei Liang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaoxing University Zhejiang 312000 P. R. China
| | - Pingan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaoxing University Zhejiang 312000 P. R. China
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3
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Yan P, Ji F, Zhang W, Mo Z, Qian J, Zhu L, Xu L. Engineering surface bromination in carbon nitride for efficient CO 2 photoconversion to CH 4. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 634:1005-1013. [PMID: 36571854 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.12.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The direct conversion of CO2 into reusable CH4 fuel by solar energy can effectively solve the problems of energy crisis and carbon emissions. However, the challenge of photocatalytic CO2 reduction to produce CH4 is still low conversion efficiency and poor selectivity. Here, surface brominated carbon nitride (named CNBr) is fabricated for stable and efficient photocatalytic CO2 reduction to produce CH4 with a rate of 16.68 μmol h-1 g-1 (70.27 % selectivity). Br atom in CNBr can substitute the N atom in the tri-s-triazine unites, which promotes local charge separation, narrows band gap and deepens the conduction band of CNBr. Benefiting from Br as active sites, CO2 can be enriched on the catalyst surface, and localized photogenerated electrons can activate the adsorbed CO2 to form CH4 through subsequent hydrogenation. Density functional theory results suggest that Br doping can effectively reduce the energy barrier of the rate-limiting step, accelerate the reaction, and induce the formation of *CHO, thereby improving the selectivity of CH4. This work reveals that surface modification can simultaneously increase the activation site of CO2 adsorption activation, enhance light absorption and accelerate charge, laying a solid foundation for the future design of carbon nitride based photocatalyst with high performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Yan
- Institute for Energy Research, School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, 212013 Zhenjiang, PR China
| | - Fawei Ji
- Institute for Energy Research, School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, 212013 Zhenjiang, PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Institute for Energy Research, School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, 212013 Zhenjiang, PR China.
| | - Zhao Mo
- Institute for Energy Research, School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, 212013 Zhenjiang, PR China
| | - Junchao Qian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Environment Functional Materials, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, 215009 Suzhou, PR China
| | - Linhua Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Treatment and Resource Reuse of Hainan Province, Hainan Normal University, 571158 Haikou, PR China
| | - Li Xu
- Institute for Energy Research, School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, 212013 Zhenjiang, PR China.
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4
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Synergism between chemisorption and unique electron transfer pathway in S-scheme AgI/g-C3N4 heterojunction for improving the photocatalytic H2 evolution. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 631:269-280. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.10.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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5
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Ren G, Wei Z, Liu S, Shi M, Li Z, Meng X. Recent review of Bi xMO y (M=V, Mo, W) for photocatalytic CO 2 reduction into solar fuels. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:136026. [PMID: 35973486 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The utilization of solar energy for CO2 conversion not only enables a green and low-carbon recycling of CO2 with renewable energy, but also solves ecological problems. BixMOy (M = V, Mo, W) materials have typical layered structures and unique electronic properties that provide suitable band gaps and potential to meet the basic conditions for CO2 reduction. However, pristine BixMOy faces with problems such as small specific surface area, insufficient active sites, low charge carriers' separation and utilization efficiency. This review comprehensively described the basic principles and reaction pathways of photocatalytic CO2 reduction, and further presented the research progress of BixMOy catalysts in CO2 conversion reactions. In this perspective, we further focus on the design concepts and modification strategies to improve the photocatalytic CO2 reduction activity of BixMOy, such as morphology control, constructing surface vacancies and heterojunction fabrication. Finally, based on representative researches, the present review will be expected to provide updated information and insights for developing advanced BixMOy materials to further improve CO2 reduction activity and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangmin Ren
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Zixuan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Sitong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Meng Shi
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Zizhen Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Xiangchao Meng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China.
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6
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Rashid J, Imtiaz F, Xu M, Savina IN. Hydrogen peroxide modified and bismuth vanadate decorated titanium dioxide nanocomposite (BiVO 4@HMT) for enhanced visible light photocatalytic growth inhibition of harmful cyanobacteria in water. RSC Adv 2022; 12:31338-31351. [PMID: 36349036 PMCID: PMC9623613 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05317a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The persistence of harmful cyanobacterial algal blooms in aquatic ecosystems leads to health damage for various life forms. In this study, a photocatalyst active in the visible light range was prepared by combining BiVO4 with hydrogen peroxide modified titanium dioxide (BiVO4@HMT; for short), using an impregnation method. The catalyst was used to photocatalytically inhibit the growth of cyanobacteria collected from a bloom site. To infer the optimum pH for cyanobacterial growth, the effect of pH was studied. The growth of cyanobacteria was favoured in an alkaline environment at pH values in the range of 8-9.5 when analysed on the 20th day of incubation. Structural and chemical analysis of pristine and composite nano-powders was performed using XRD, SEM, TEM and XPS, confirming the heterojunction formation, while optical and band gap analysis revealed increased visible light absorption and reduced band gap of the composite. A small strawberry seed-like assembly of BiVO4 particles increased the light absorption in the 15%BiVO4@HMT composite and increased the inhibition efficiency up to 2.56 times compared to pristine HMT at an exposure time of 6 h and cell concentration at 0.1 g L-1 with an optimum catalyst dose of 1 g L-1. The amount of chlorophyll 'a' decreased due to the generation of catalytically reactive species, especially holes (h+), which caused oxidative damage to the cell wall, cell membrane and antioxidants in algal cells. This study reports that visible light active nanocatalysts can be used as a promising method for reducing algal blooms in water bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamshaid Rashid
- BNU-HKUST Laboratory for Green Innovation, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University at ZhuhaiZhuhai 519087China,Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam UniversityIslamabad 45320Pakistan
| | - Fatima Imtiaz
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam UniversityIslamabad 45320Pakistan
| | - Ming Xu
- BNU-HKUST Laboratory for Green Innovation, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University at ZhuhaiZhuhai 519087China
| | - Irina N. Savina
- School of Applied Sciences, University of BrightonHuxley Building, Lewes RoadBrighton BN2 4GJUK
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7
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Lin B, Xia M, Xu B, Chong B, Chen Z, Yang G. Bio-inspired nanostructured g-C3N4-based photocatalysts: A comprehensive review. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(22)64110-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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8
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Gao J, Dai G. DFT study on the mechanism of the CO2-to-CO conversion by Co-quaterpyridine complexes. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2022.113794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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9
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Photoreduction of CO2 into CH4 Using Novel Composite of Triangular Silver Nanoplates on Graphene-BiVO4. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12070750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasmonic photocatalysis, combing noble metal nanoparticles (NMNPs) with semiconductors, has been widely studied and proven to perform better than pure semiconductors. The plasmonic effects are mainly based on the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of NMNPs. The LSPR wavelength depends on several parameters, such as size, shape, the surrounding media, and the interdistance of the NMNPs. In this study, graphene-modified plate-like BiVO4 composites, combined with silver nanoplates (AgNPts), were successfully prepared and used as a photocatalyst for CO2 photoconversion. Triangular silver nanoplates (TAgNPts), icosahedral silver nanoparticles (I-AgNPs), and decahedra silver nanoparticles (D-AgNPs) were synthesized using photochemical methods and introduced to the nanocomposites to compare the shape-dependent plasmonic effect. Among them, T-AgNPts/graphene/BiVO4 exhibited the highest photoreduction efficiency of CO2 to CH4, at 18.1 μmolg−1h−1, which is 5.03 times higher than that of pure BiVO4 under the irradiation of a Hg lamp. A possible CO2 photoreduction mechanism was proposed to explain the synergetic effect of each component in TAgNPts/graphene/BiVO4. This high efficiency reveals the importance of considering the compositions of photocatalysts for converting CO2 to solar fuels.
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10
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Arumugam M, Tahir M, Praserthdam P. Effect of nonmetals (B, O, P, and S) doped with porous g-C 3N 4 for improved electron transfer towards photocatalytic CO 2 reduction with water into CH 4. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 286:131765. [PMID: 34371351 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalytic conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) into gaseous hydrocarbon fuels is an auspicious way to produce renewable fuels in addition to greenhouse gas emission mitigation. In this work, non-metals (B, O, P, and S) doped graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) was prepared via solid-state polycondensation of urea for photocatalytic CO2 reduction into highly needed methane (CH4) with water under UV light irradiation. The various physicochemical characterization results reveal the successful incorporation of B, O, P, and S elements in the g-C3N4 matrix. The maximum CH4 yield of 55.10 nmol/(mLH2O.gcat) over S-doped g-C3N4 has been obtained for CO2 reduction after 7 h of irradiation. This amount of CH4 production was 1.9, 1.4, 1.7, and 2.4-folds higher than B, O, P and bare g-C3N4 samples. The doping of S did not enlarge the surface area and photon absorption ability of the g-C3N4 sample, but this significant improvement was evidently due to effective charge separation and migration. The observed results imply that the doping of non-metal elements provides improved charge separation and is an effective way to boost photocatalyst performance. This work offers an auspicious approach to design non-metal doped g-C3N4 photocatalysts for renewable fuel production and would be promising for other energy application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malathi Arumugam
- Center of Excellence on Catalysis and Catalytic Reaction Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Muhammad Tahir
- Chemical Reaction Engineering Group (CREG), School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, UTM, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Piyasan Praserthdam
- Center of Excellence on Catalysis and Catalytic Reaction Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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11
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Recent advances on silver-based photocatalysis: Photocorrosion inhibition, visible-light responsivity enhancement, and charges separation acceleration. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.120194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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12
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Formation of flaky carbon nitride and beta-Indium sulfide heterojunction with efficient separation of charge carriers for enhanced photocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 611:71-81. [PMID: 34933192 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.12.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The flaky carbon nitride containing nitrogen defects (NDCN) could effectively perform the photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) due to its abundant active sites. Reducing the recombination of electrons and holes was also a method of semiconductor photocatalyst design. A nanosphere ball-flower Indium sulfide (In2S3) was synthesized via a simple hydrothermal approach, and then calcined to obtain the β-In2S3/NDCN heterojunction photocatalyst and applied for CO2 photocatalytic reduction. The best total yield (carbon monoxide, CO: 20.32 μmol·g-1·h-1; methane, CH4: 2.12 μmol·g-1·h-1) could be obtained at the optimized 20% β-In2S3/NDCN under near room temperature and pressure and without using any sacrificial agents or promoters, almost 1.7 times higher compared with NDCN. The composite catalyst still exhibited excellent stability after four cycles. The improvement of excellent performance was due to not only the enhancement of fine CO2 adsorption/activation and the light absorption ability, but also attributed to the formation of heterojunction, which accelerated the effective separation of electrons and holes. This work might provide a novel approach to design carbon nitride heterojunction photocatalysts with nitrogen defects for CO2 utilization.
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13
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Wang W, Feng X, Chen L, Zhang F. Z-Scheme Cu 2O/Bi/BiVO 4 Nanocomposite Photocatalysts: Synthesis, Characterization, and Application for CO 2 Photoreduction. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c03581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenkai Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China
| | - Xinyan Feng
- Powder Metallurgy Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China
| | - Limiao Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China
| | - Fuqin Zhang
- Powder Metallurgy Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China
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14
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Oseghe EO, Akpotu SO, Mombeshora ET, Oladipo AO, Ombaka LM, Maria BB, Idris AO, Mamba G, Ndlwana L, Ayanda OS, Ofomaja AE, Nyamori VO, Feleni U, Nkambule TT, Msagati TA, Mamba BB, Bahnemann DW. Multi-dimensional applications of graphitic carbon nitride nanomaterials – A review. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.117820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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15
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In situ fabrication of a novel S-scheme heterojunction photocatalyts Bi2O3/P-C3N4 to enhance levofloxacin removal from water. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.118691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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16
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Duan Y, Zhu X, Luo Q, Wang L, Li Z, Wang D. Improvement in photocatalytic stability of AgBr under visible light through melt processing. J Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2021.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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17
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Dong Q, Yang F, Liang F, Zhang Y, Xia D, Zhao W, Wu L, Liu X, Jiang Z, Sun C. Silver particle on BiVO4 nanosheet plasmonic photocatalyst with enhanced photocatalytic oxidation activity of sulfadiazine. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.115751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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18
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Que M, Cai W, Chen J, Zhu L, Yang Y. Recent advances in g-C 3N 4 composites within four types of heterojunctions for photocatalytic CO 2 reduction. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:6692-6712. [PMID: 33885474 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr09177d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Studies of photocatalytic conversion of CO2 into hydrocarbon fuels, as a promising solution to alleviate global warming and energy issues, are booming in recent years. Researchers have focused their interest in developing g-C3N4 composite photocatalysts with intriguing features of robust light harvesting ability, excellent catalysis, and stable performance. Four types of heterojunctions (type-II, Z-scheme, S-scheme and Schottky) of the g-C3N4 composites are widely adopted. This review aims at presenting and comparing the photocatalytic mechanisms, characteristics, and performances of g-C3N4 composites concerning these four types of heterojunctions. Besides, perspectives and undergoing efforts for further development of g-C3N4 composite photocatalysts are discussed. This review would be helpful for researchers to gain a comprehensive understanding of the progress and future development trends of g-C3N4 composite heterojunctions for photocatalytic CO2 reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meidan Que
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, P. R. China.
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19
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Baral B, Sahoo DP, Parida K. Discriminatory {040}-Reduction Facet/Ag0 Schottky Barrier Coupled {040/110}-BiVO4@Ag@CoAl-LDH Z-Scheme Isotype Heterostructure. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:1698-1715. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c03210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Basudev Baral
- Centre for Nano Science and Nano Technology, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar 751030, India
| | - Dipti Prava Sahoo
- Centre for Nano Science and Nano Technology, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar 751030, India
| | - Kulamani Parida
- Centre for Nano Science and Nano Technology, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar 751030, India
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20
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Yu C, Xie X, Zhang N. Selectivity control of organic chemical synthesis over plasmonic metal-based photocatalysts. Catal Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cy02030c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The factors, issues, and design of plasmonic metal-based photocatalysts for selective photosynthesis of organic chemicals have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changqiang Yu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- P. R. China
| | - Xiuqiang Xie
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- P. R. China
| | - Nan Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- P. R. China
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21
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Thakur P, Raizada P, Singh P, Kumar A, Khan AAP, Asiri AM. Exploring recent advances in silver halides and graphitic carbon nitride-based photocatalyst for energy and environmental applications. ARAB J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2020.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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22
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The In-situ Growth NiFe-layered Double Hydroxides/g-C3N4 Nanocomposite 2D/2D Heterojunction for Enhanced Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction Performance. Catal Letters 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-020-03426-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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23
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CN/iodine-doped CN homojunction powder catalysts with excellent visible-light photocatalytic properties. POWDER TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2020.06.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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24
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Khan M, Kumar A, He J, Lo IM. Elucidating the predominant role of crystal disorders in hierarchical photocatalysts governing their charge carrier separation and associated activity in photocatalytic water treatment. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 573:336-347. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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25
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Talapaneni SN, Singh G, Kim IY, AlBahily K, Al-Muhtaseb AH, Karakoti AS, Tavakkoli E, Vinu A. Nanostructured Carbon Nitrides for CO 2 Capture and Conversion. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1904635. [PMID: 31608512 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201904635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nitride (CN), a 2D material composed of only carbon (C) and nitrogen (N), which are linked by strong covalent bonds, has been used as a metal-devoid and visible-light-active photocatalyst owing to its magnificent optoelectronic and physicochemical properties including suitable bandgap, adjustable energy-band positions, tailor-made surface functionalities, low cost, metal-free nature, and high thermal, chemical, and mechanical stabilities. CN-based materials possess a lot of advantages over conventional metal-based inorganic photocatalysts including ease of synthesis and processing, versatile functionalization or doping, flexibility for surface engineering, low cost, sustainability, and recyclability without any leaching of toxic metals from photocorrosion. Carbon nitrides and their hybrid materials have emerged as attractive candidates for CO2 capture and its reduction into clean and green low-carbon fuels and valuable chemical feedstock by using sustainable and intermittent renewable energy sources of sunlight and electricity through the heterogeneous photo(electro)catalysis. Here, the latest research results in this field are summarized, including implementation of novel functionalized nanostructured CNs and their hybrid heterostructures in meeting the stringent requirements to raise the efficiency of the CO2 reduction process by using state-of-the-art photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, photoelectrocatalysis, and feedstock reactions. The research in this field is primarily focused on advancement in the synthesis of nanostructured and functionalized CN-based hybrid heterostructured materials. More importantly, the recent past has seen a surge in studies focusing significantly on exploring the mechanism of their application perspectives, which include the behavior of the materials for the absorption of light, charge separation, and pathways for the transport of CO2 during the reduction process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddulu Naidu Talapaneni
- Global Innovative Center for Advanced Nanomaterials (GICAN), Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment (FEBE), The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Gurwinder Singh
- Global Innovative Center for Advanced Nanomaterials (GICAN), Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment (FEBE), The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - In Young Kim
- Global Innovative Center for Advanced Nanomaterials (GICAN), Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment (FEBE), The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Khalid AlBahily
- SABIC Corporate Research and Development Center at KAUST, Saudi Basic Industries Corporation, Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ala'a H Al-Muhtaseb
- Department of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 33, Al-Khod, Muscat, 123, Oman
| | - Ajay S Karakoti
- Global Innovative Center for Advanced Nanomaterials (GICAN), Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment (FEBE), The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Ehsan Tavakkoli
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Wagga Wagga Agricultural Institute, Pine Gully Road, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2650, Australia
| | - Ajayan Vinu
- Global Innovative Center for Advanced Nanomaterials (GICAN), Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment (FEBE), The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
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26
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Tahir M, Tahir B. Constructing a Stable 2D/2D Heterojunction of Oxygen-Cluster-Modified Ti3AlC2 MAX Cocatalyst with Proton-Rich C3N4 for Highly Efficient Photocatalytic CO2 Methanation. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c00193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Tahir
- Chemical Reaction Engineering Group (CREG), Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Beenish Tahir
- Chemical Reaction Engineering Group (CREG), Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
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27
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Zhu L, Li H, Xu Q, Xiong D, Xia P. High-efficient separation of photoinduced carriers on double Z-scheme heterojunction for superior photocatalytic CO2 reduction. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 564:303-312. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.12.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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28
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Rather RA, Lo IMC. Photoelectrochemical sewage treatment by a multifunctional g-C 3N 4/Ag/AgCl/BiVO 4 photoanode for the simultaneous degradation of emerging pollutants and hydrogen production, and the disinfection of E. coli. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 168:115166. [PMID: 31634707 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.115166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This study describes the photoelectrochemical (PEC) treatment of authentic sewage from Hong Kong for H2 production and degradation of emerging pollutants (EP's) simultaneously, and disinfection of E. coli. The g-C3N4/Ag/AgCl/BiVO4 (CAB-1) coated thin film acted as the photoanode in a three-electrode configuration PEC cell and real sewage as the electrolyte. Electrochemical studies revealed the near reversible, diffusion-controlled and high electron transfer reaction at the electrode-electrolyte surface. For CAB-1, the achieved photocurrent density was 0.1-0.2 mA cm-2 at 1.23 V vs. RHE exhibiting the highest PEC degradation efficiency (11.15% h-1 cm-2) compared to other base materials like g-C3N4/BiVO4 (6.88% h-1 cm-2) or Ag/AgCl/BiVO4 (4.06% h-1 cm-2). During the same reaction, the evolved 118 μmol of H2 gas corresponds to a Faradic efficiency of 69.38%. The composition of sewage was found to influence the overall PEC efficiency. The higher amount of total suspended solids, turbidity, and anionic species decreased the efficiency while as the other parameters like alkaline pH increased the PEC efficiency. Photo-electrochemically, the CAB-1 also effectively disinfected the E. coli present in the sewage with a final discharge of ≤1000 CFU/mL which is within the permissible discharge limits (≤1500 CFU/mL), in Hong Kong.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayees Ahmad Rather
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Irene M C Lo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; Institute for Advanced Study (IAS), The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.
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29
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Khan M, Fung CSL, Kumar A, He J, Lo IMC. Unravelling mechanistic reasons for differences in performance of different Ti- and Bi-based magnetic photocatalysts in photocatalytic degradation of PPCPs. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 686:878-887. [PMID: 31200308 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Despite numerous developments in the field of heterogeneous photocatalysis, particularly its environmental applications, there remain fundamental uncertainties regarding the key properties which primarily govern the performance of a photocatalyst. In this study, four visible-light-driven magnetic photocatalysts, viz., Ag/Fe,N-TiO2/Fe3O4@SiO2, g-C3N4/TiO2/Fe3O4@SiO2, BiOBr/Fe3O4@SiO2, and BiOBr0.9I0.1/Fe3O4@SiO2, were synthesized and comparatively studied in terms of their material characteristics, charge transfer efficiency, and photocatalytic performance in the degradation of two model pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), ibuprofen and benzophenone-3. Amongst the tested photocatalysts, the g-C3N4/TiO2/Fe3O4@SiO2 exhibited the fastest degradation kinetics for both the PPCPs. Property-performance relationships were evaluated in which the dependence of the photocatalytic performance on various adsorption-related, electronic band-structure-related, reactive species-related, and charge carriers-related properties was examined. The strongest performance relationship was found to be with photocurrent density-an indicator of charge transfer efficiency-for both PPCPs, indicating its influential role in governing the photocatalytic performance. The findings unfold a potential research direction towards exploration of factors which can enhance the charge transfer efficiency, thereby possibly enabling the rational design of highly efficient photocatalysts for PPCPs removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musharib Khan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Christopher S L Fung
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ashutosh Kumar
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Juhua He
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Irene M C Lo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.
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30
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Chang F, Zhang X, Chen H, Jiao M, Deng B, Hu X. Ag/AgCl nanoparticles decorated 2D-Bi12O17Cl2 plasmonic composites prepared without exotic chlorine ions with enhanced photocatalytic performance. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2019.110538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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31
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Xu M, Hu X, Wang S, Yu J, Zhu D, Wang J. Photothermal effect promoting CO2 conversion over composite photocatalyst with high graphene content. J Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2019.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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32
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Ye L, Deng Y, Wang L, Xie H, Su F. Bismuth-Based Photocatalysts for Solar Photocatalytic Carbon Dioxide Conversion. CHEMSUSCHEM 2019; 12:3671-3701. [PMID: 31107595 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201901196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalytic CO2 conversion into solar fuels is an effective means for simultaneously solving both the greenhouse effect and energy crisis. In the past ten years, bismuth-based photocatalysts for environmental remediation have experienced a golden period of development. However, solar photocatalytic CO2 conversion has only been developed over the past five years and, until now, no reviews have been published on bismuth-based photocatalysts for the photocatalytic conversion of CO2 . For the first time, solar photocatalytic CO2 conversion systems are reviewed herein. Synthetic methods and photocatalytic CO2 performances of bismuth-based photocatalysts, including Sillén-structured BiOX (X=Cl, Br, I); Aurivillius-structured Bi2 MO6 (M=Mo, W); and Scheelite-structured BiVO4 , Bi2 S3 , BiYO3 , and BiOIO3 , are summarized. In addition, activity-enhancing strategies for this photocatalyst family, including oxygen vacancies, bismuth-rich strategy, facet control, conventional type II heterojunction, Z-scheme heterojunction, and cocatalyst deposition, are reviewed. Finally, the main mechanistic research methods, such as in situ FTIR spectroscopy and theoretical calculations, are presented. Challenges and research trends reported in studies of bismuth-based photocatalysts for photocatalytic CO2 conversion are discussed and summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqun Ye
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nonmetallic Crystalline and Energy Conversion Materials, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, PR China
| | - Yu Deng
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nonmetallic Crystalline and Energy Conversion Materials, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, PR China
| | - Li Wang
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Solar Catalysis, College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, 473061, PR China
| | - Haiquan Xie
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Solar Catalysis, College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, 473061, PR China
| | - Fengyun Su
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Solar Catalysis, College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, 473061, PR China
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33
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Xiao Y, Tao X, Qiu G, Dai Z, Gao P, Li B. Optimal synthesis of a direct Z-scheme photocatalyst with ultrathin W18O49 nanowires on g-C3N4 nanosheets for solar-driven oxidation reactions. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 550:99-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.04.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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34
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Fung CS, Khan M, Kumar A, Lo IM. Visible-light-driven photocatalytic removal of PPCPs using magnetically separable bismuth oxybromo-iodide solid solutions: Mechanisms, pathways, and reusability in real sewage. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.01.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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35
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Khan M, Fung CSL, Kumar A, Lo IMC. Magnetically separable BiOBr/Fe 3O 4@SiO 2 for visible-light-driven photocatalytic degradation of ibuprofen: Mechanistic investigation and prototype development. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 365:733-743. [PMID: 30472459 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The increasingly ubiquitous release of emerging refractory pollutants into water is a serious concern due to associated risks. In this study, mesoporous hierarchical BiOBr/Fe3O4@SiO2-a solvothermally synthesized visible-light-driven magnetic photocatalyst-not only exhibited fast kinetics (t1/2 = 8.7 min) in the photocatalytic degradation of ibuprofen in water but also achieved almost complete mineralization over a prolonged irradiation of 6 h. Various reactive species, including O2¯, OH, and H2O2, were detected, while the scavenging experiments revealed that eCB--mediated reactions and direct-hole oxidation are the major degradation routes. The magnetically recycled BiOBr/Fe3O4@SiO2 maintained ∼80% of its initial photocatalytic activity even after five consecutive cycles. The typically copresent wastewater constituents, including NOM and anions, inhibited the photocatalytic performance to varying extents, and hence necessitated an increase in the photocatalyst dosage to achieve complete ibuprofen degradation in real sewage. Based on the findings of batch experiments, the process was scaled up by developing a 5 L prototype photocatalytic reactor integrated with an electromagnetic separation unit. The results of prototype photocatalytic experiments were comparable to those of batch experiments, and an electromagnetic separation efficiency of ∼99% was achievable in 5 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musharib Khan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Christopher S L Fung
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ashutosh Kumar
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Irene M C Lo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.
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36
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Li M, Zhang S, Liu X, Han J, Zhu X, Ge Q, Wang H. Polydopamine and Barbituric Acid Co‐Modified Carbon Nitride Nanospheres for Highly Active and Selective Photocatalytic CO
2
Reduction. Eur J Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201801249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mei Li
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin University 300072 Tianjin China
| | - Shengbo Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin University 300072 Tianjin China
| | - Xiao Liu
- College of Chemistry Central China Normal University 430079 Wuhan China
| | - Jinyu Han
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin University 300072 Tianjin China
| | - Xinli Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin University 300072 Tianjin China
| | - Qingfeng Ge
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin University 300072 Tianjin China
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Southern Illinois University 62901 Carbondale IL USA
| | - Hua Wang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin University 300072 Tianjin China
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