Effect of metal modification of titania and hydrogen co-feeding on the reaction pathways and catalytic stability in the acetone aldol condensation

Selective aqueous oxidation of aromatic alcohols under solar light in the presence of TiO2 modified with different metal species

A set of metals modified TiO₂ photocatalysts were prepared starting from titanium tetraisopropoxyde and different metal precursors to study the influence of the addition of the various foreign agents on the physico-chemical and photocatalytic properties of the catalysts. The powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, specific surface area measurements, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, photoluminescence, temperature programmed desorption after CO₂ adsorption. The photocatalytic activity was evaluated using as probe reactions the partial oxidation of three aromatic alcohols: benzyl alcohol (BA), 4-methoxy benzyl alcohol (4-MBA), and 4-hydroxy benzyl alcohol (4-HBA) under simulated solar light irradiation. Different oxidation and selectivity values were obtained for the three substrates depending not only on the type of metals but also on the nature and position of the substituent in the phenyl ring of benzyl alcohol. As a general behaviour, the doped samples allowed the achievement of a greater selectivity especially for 4-MBA even if sometimes with minor conversions. The presence of W or Nb was beneficial for both conversion and selectivity for all the substrates with respect to bare TiO₂.

Effect of catalyst morphology and hydrogen co-feeding on the acid-catalysed transformation of acetone into mesitylene

Surface chemistry and pore topology affect mesitylene selectivity in acid-catalysed acetone condensation. Hydrogen improves both catalyst stability and condensation selectivity.