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Dery S, Friedman B, Shema H, Gross E. Mechanistic Insights Gained by High Spatial Resolution Reactivity Mapping of Homogeneous and Heterogeneous (Electro)Catalysts. Chem Rev 2023; 123:6003-6038. [PMID: 37037476 PMCID: PMC10176474 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
The recent development of high spatial resolution microscopy and spectroscopy tools enabled reactivity analysis of homogeneous and heterogeneous (electro)catalysts at previously unattainable resolution and sensitivity. These techniques revealed that catalytic entities are more heterogeneous than expected and local variations in reaction mechanism due to divergences in the nature of active sites, such as their atomic properties, distribution, and accessibility, occur both in homogeneous and heterogeneous (electro)catalysts. In this review, we highlight recent insights in catalysis research that were attained by conducting high spatial resolution studies. The discussed case studies range from reactivity detection of single particles or single molecular catalysts, inter- and intraparticle communication analysis, and probing the influence of catalysts distribution and accessibility on the resulting reactivity. It is demonstrated that multiparticle and multisite reactivity analyses provide unique knowledge about reaction mechanism that could not have been attained by conducting ensemble-based, averaging, spectroscopy measurements. It is highlighted that the integration of spectroscopy and microscopy measurements under realistic reaction conditions will be essential to bridge the gap between model-system studies and real-world high spatial resolution reactivity analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahar Dery
- Institute of Chemistry and The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Barak Friedman
- Institute of Chemistry and The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Hadar Shema
- Institute of Chemistry and The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Elad Gross
- Institute of Chemistry and The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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2
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Photosensitized selective semi-oxidation of tetrahydroisoquinoline: a singlet oxygen path. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2022; 21:1473-1479. [PMID: 35583722 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-022-00237-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Selective semi-oxidation of tetrahydroisoquinoline (THIQ) leads to a valuable dihydroisoquinoline (DHIQ) derivative via singlet oxygen photooxidation process. Typical photosensitisers (i.e., Ru complexes) can activate the reaction even under heterogeneous conditions that facilitate catalyst separation and reusability. In contrast to DHIQ, THIQ acts as an efficient singlet oxygen quencher driving the reaction selectivity. The reaction can also be facilitated by semiconductor catalysts such as MoCo@GW, a glass wool-based catalyst that is easy to separate and reuse and compatible with flow photochemistry. Its role is to mediate the formation of isoquinoline (IQ) and thus an in situ-generated singlet oxygen catalyst. Laser flash photolysis with NIR detection provides proof of the singlet oxygen mechanism proposed and rate constants for the key steps that mediate the oxidation.
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Guo Y, Huang Y, Zeng B, Han B, Akri M, Shi M, Zhao Y, Li Q, Su Y, Li L, Jiang Q, Cui YT, Li L, Li R, Qiao B, Zhang T. Photo-thermo semi-hydrogenation of acetylene on Pd 1/TiO 2 single-atom catalyst. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2648. [PMID: 35551203 PMCID: PMC9098498 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30291-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Semi-hydrogenation of acetylene in excess ethylene is a key industrial process for ethylene purification. Supported Pd catalysts have attracted most attention due to their superior intrinsic activity but often suffer from low selectivity. Pd single-atom catalysts (SACs) are promising to significantly improve the selectivity, but the activity needs to be improved and the feasible preparation of Pd SACs remains a grand challenge. Here, we report a simple strategy to construct Pd1/TiO2 SACs by selectively encapsulating the co-existed small amount of Pd nanoclusters/nanoparticles based on their different strong metal-support interaction (SMSI) occurrence conditions. In addition, photo-thermo catalysis has been applied to this process where a much-improved catalytic activity was obtained. Detailed characterization combined with DFT calculation suggests that photo-induced electrons transferred from TiO2 to the adjacent Pd atoms facilitate the activation of acetylene. This work offers an opportunity to develop highly stable Pd SACs for efficient catalytic semi-hydrogenation process. Semi-hydrogenation of acetylene in excess ethylene is a key industrial process for ethylene purification. Here the authors develop highly stable Pd1/TiO2 single-atom catalyst for photo-thermo semi-hydrogenation of acetylene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalin Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yike Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Zeng
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Bing Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mohcin Akri
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Ming Shi
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Qinghe Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Yang Su
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Lin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Qike Jiang
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Yi-Tao Cui
- SANKA High Technology Co. Ltd. 90-1, Tatsuno, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Lei Li
- Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hyogo Science and Technology Association, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Rengui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China.
| | - Botao Qiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China.
| | - Tao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
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Abstract
On the basis of earlier results with furan and thiophene derivatives of benzobicyclo[3.2.1]octadiene, photocatalytic oxygenation of novel furo- and thieno heterostilbenes with water-soluble manganese(III) porphyrins offered suitable possibilities to study their reactivities and reaction pathways depending on the heteroatom and the catalyst charge. The experiments were carried out in two reactors types (batch and microflow) to investigate the geometric effects. NMR spectroscopy, GC, and UPLC/MS analyses were applied for identification and quantification of the products. As our results indicated, the 2-thienyl and the common p-tolyl groups in the starting compounds remained intact due to their stronger aromaticity. Hence, the thieno derivative underwent oxygenation only at the open-chain part of the molecule, and the rates of its reactions were much lower than those of the furyl analogue. The less stable furan ring was easily oxygenated, its products with highest ratios were 2-furanon derivatives. Epoxide formation occurred at the open-chain parts of both substrates preferably by the anionic catalyst. Nevertheless, the conversion rates of the substrates were higher with the cationic porphyrin, according to electrophilic attacks by photogenerated Mn(V)=O species. Additionally, the reactions were significantly faster in microflow reactors due to the more favorable circumstances of mass transfer, diffusion, and light penetration.
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Wang B, Lanterna AE, Scaiano JC. Mechanistic Insights on the Semihydrogenation of Alkynes over Different Nanostructured Photocatalysts. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c05233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences and Centre for Advanced Materials Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1N 6N5, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anabel E. Lanterna
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences and Centre for Advanced Materials Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1N 6N5, Ontario, Canada
| | - Juan C. Scaiano
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences and Centre for Advanced Materials Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1N 6N5, Ontario, Canada
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Lemir ID, Argüello JE, Lanterna AE, Scaiano JC. Heterogeneous photocatalysis of azides: extending nitrene photochemistry to longer wavelengths. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:10239-10242. [PMID: 32756616 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc04118a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The photodecomposition of azides to generate nitrenes usually requires wavelengths in the <300 nm region. In this study, we show that this reaction can be readily performed in the UVA region (368 nm) when catalyzed by Pd-decorated TiO2. In aqueous medium the reaction leads to amines, with water acting as the H source; however, in non-protic and non-nucleophilic media, such as acetonitrile, nitrenes recombine to yield azo compounds, while azirine-mediated trapping occurs in the presence of nucleophiles. The heterogeneous process facilitates catalyst separation while showing great chemoselectivity and high yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio D Lemir
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science and Centre for Advanced Materials Research (CAMaR), University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada. and INFIQC-CONICET-UNC, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Juan E Argüello
- INFIQC-CONICET-UNC, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Anabel E Lanterna
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science and Centre for Advanced Materials Research (CAMaR), University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.
| | - Juan C Scaiano
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science and Centre for Advanced Materials Research (CAMaR), University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.
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