1
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Li Y, Sun L, Huang S, Xu K, Zeng CC. Electrochemical quinuclidine-mediated Minisci-type acylation of N-heterocycles with aldehydes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:6174-6177. [PMID: 38804811 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc00800f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The electro-generation of acyl radicals from both aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes remains an unmet challenge. We provide a solution to this challenge by merging electro-oxidation and a quinuclidine-mediated hydrogen atom transfer strategy. The generation of acyl radicals at decreased applied potentials compared to that of formyl oxidation exhibits excellent functional group compatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongmei Li
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Liangbo Sun
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Shengyang Huang
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Kun Xu
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Cheng-Chu Zeng
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
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2
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Feng H, Huo J, Mu X, Zheng R, Geng X, Wang L. BPO-promoted [4 + 2] cyclization of enaminones and o-phenylenediamines to 2-acyl quinoxalines via a cascade transamination and C-H amination. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:4067-4071. [PMID: 38717162 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00494a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Rapid assembly of quinoxalines in a single step from readily available precursors has been recognized as an ideal platform in terms of efficiency and operation. Herein, we report a BPO-promoted metal-free approach to 2-acyl quinoxalines from enaminones and o-phenylenediamines via cascade transamination and C-H amination. This methodology demonstrates excellent compatibility with various substrates, including o-hydroxy enaminones, drug derivatives and natural products under mild reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Feng
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang, Zhejiang 318000, P. R. China.
| | - Jie Huo
- Department of Chemistry, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang, Zhejiang 318000, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaonan Mu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang, Zhejiang 318000, P. R. China.
| | - Renhua Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang, Zhejiang 318000, P. R. China.
| | - Xiao Geng
- Department of Chemistry, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang, Zhejiang 318000, P. R. China.
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang, Zhejiang 318000, P. R. China.
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, P. R. China
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3
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Wu J, Zhang M, He J, Li K, Ye L, Zhou J, Xu X, Li Z, Xu H. Electrochemical oxidative decarboxylative of α-oxocarboxylic acids towards the synthesis of quinazolines and quinazolinones. RSC Adv 2024; 14:7551-7556. [PMID: 38440270 PMCID: PMC10910557 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra01318b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
A mild and environmentally electrochemical method for the synthesis of quinazolines and quinazolinones has been developed through anodic oxidation decarboxylative of α-oxocarboxylic acids. The present reaction was efficiently conducted by using simple and cheap NH4I as the N-source and electrolyte in an undivided cell. The desired products, quinazolines and quinazolinones, were isolated in high yield under chemical oxidant free conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwei Wu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Anhui Science and Technology University Fengyang 233100 China
| | - Mengru Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Anhui Science and Technology University Fengyang 233100 China
| | - Jun He
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Anhui Science and Technology University Fengyang 233100 China
| | - Kaixuan Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Anhui Science and Technology University Fengyang 233100 China
| | - Longqiang Ye
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Anhui Science and Technology University Fengyang 233100 China
| | - Jie Zhou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology Hefei 230009 China
| | - Xiaolan Xu
- School of Medical Science, Anhui Medical University Hefei 230009 China
| | - Zirong Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Anhui Science and Technology University Fengyang 233100 China
| | - Huajian Xu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology Hefei 230009 China
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4
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Behrouzi L, Mohammadi MR, Dau H, Kaboudin B, Najafpour MM. Exploring an Electrochemical Route for Water-Enhanced Oxygenation Reactions Utilizing Nickel Molecular Structures: A Case Study. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:2268-2274. [PMID: 38231697 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c04260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Recently, Ni molecular catalysis has been extensively applied in oxygenation reactions. This work is underpinned by the characterization techniques and the discovered instability of the Ni-bipyridine/phenanthroline system, which results in Ni (hydr)oxide production under oxidative conditions. The practical applications of this mechanism by employing a prepared Ni (hydr)oxide-based electrode specifically in the oxygenation of sulfides, achieving noteworthy yields in contrast to noncatalyst control experiments, are explored. Thus, a Ni (hydr)oxide-based material is proposed as a candidate for the true catalyst for sulfide oxidation in the presence of the Ni-bipyridine/phenanthroline system. The findings of this study are expected to stimulate discussion and encourage new viewpoints within the chemical community regarding the potential applications and mechanisms of molecular catalysts in oxidation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Behrouzi
- Department of Physics, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, 98167-45845 Zahedan, Iran
| | | | - Holger Dau
- Fachbereich Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Babak Kaboudin
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Najafpour
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran
- Center of Climate Change and Global Warming, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran
- Research Center for Basic Sciences & Modern Technologies (RBST), Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran
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5
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Baroliya PK, Dhaker M, Panja S, Al-Thabaiti SA, Albukhari SM, Alsulami QA, Dutta A, Maiti D. Transition Metal-Catalyzed C-H Functionalization Through Electrocatalysis. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023:e202202201. [PMID: 36881013 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202202201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemically promoted transition metal-catalyzed C-H functionalization has emerged as a promising area of research over the last few decades. However, development in this field is still at an early stage compared to traditional functionalization reactions using chemical-based oxidizing agents. Recent reports have shown increased attention on electrochemically promoted metal-catalyzed C-H functionalization. From the standpoint of sustainability, environmental friendliness, and cost effectiveness, electrochemically promoted oxidation of a metal catalyst offers a mild, efficient, and atom-economical alternative to traditional chemical oxidants. This Review discusses advances in the field of transition metal-electrocatalyzed C-H functionalization over the past decade and describes how the unique features of electricity enable metal-catalyzed C-H functionalization in an economic and sustainable way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhat Kumar Baroliya
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
- Department of Chemistry, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, 313001, India
| | - Mukesh Dhaker
- Department of Chemistry, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, 313001, India
| | - Subir Panja
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Shaeel Ahmed Al-Thabaiti
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Soha M Albukhari
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Qana A Alsulami
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arnab Dutta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Debabrata Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
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6
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Huang J, Li X, Xu L, Wei Y. Electrochemical Decarboxylation Coupling of α-Keto Acids with Thiophenols: A New Avenue for the Synthesis of Thioesters. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202206023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
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7
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Zhang H, Liang S, Wei D, Xu K, Zeng C. Electrocatalytic Generation of Acyl Radicals and Their Applications. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haonan Zhang
- Faculty of Environmental and Life Beijing University of Technology 100 Pingleyuan Rd. 100124 Beijing China
| | - Sen Liang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry Beijing Technology and Business University 100048 Beijing China
| | - Dengchao Wei
- Faculty of Environmental and Life Beijing University of Technology 100 Pingleyuan Rd. 100124 Beijing China
| | - Kun Xu
- Faculty of Environmental and Life Beijing University of Technology 100 Pingleyuan Rd. 100124 Beijing China
| | - Chengchu Zeng
- Faculty of Environmental and Life Beijing University of Technology 100 Pingleyuan Rd. 100124 Beijing China
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8
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Dinesh V, Nagarajan R. (NH 4) 2S 2O 8-Mediated Metal-Free Decarboxylative Formylation/Acylation of α-Oxo/Ketoacids and Its Application to the Synthesis of Indole Alkaloids. J Org Chem 2022; 87:10359-10365. [PMID: 35820161 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A metal-free method for the formylation/acylation of indoles and β-carbolines with (NH4)2S2O8 via direct decarboxylative cross-coupling of α-oxo/ketoacids in moderate to good yields is described. The reaction occurs between ambient temperature and 40 °C under mild reaction conditions with commercially available starting materials. This methodology can be expanded to some biologically active indole alkaloids like pityriacitrins, eudistomins Y1 and Y3, and marinacarbolines A-D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Votarikari Dinesh
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Rajagopal Nagarajan
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
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9
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Song S, Shi X, Zhu Y, Ren Q, Zhou P, Zhou J, Li J. Electrochemical Oxidative C-H Arylation of Quinoxalin(on)es with Arylhydrazine Hydrochlorides under Mild Conditions. J Org Chem 2022; 87:4764-4776. [PMID: 35319891 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A practical and scalable protocol for electrochemical arylation of quinoxalin(on)es with arylhydrazine hydrochlorides under mild conditions has been developed. This method exhibits high efficiency, easy scalability, and broad functional group tolerance. Various quinoxalin(on)es and arylhydrazines underwent this transformation smoothly in an undivided cell, providing the corresponding aryl-substituted quinoxalin(on)es in moderate to good yields. A radical mechanism is involved in this arylation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjie Song
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Xiangjun Shi
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Yunsheng Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Quanlei Ren
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Peng Zhou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Jiadi Zhou
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Jianjun Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
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10
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Visible-light-mediated metal-free decarboxylative acylation of electron-deficient quinolines using α-ketoacids under ambient air. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.132749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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11
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Hou H, Ma X, Ye Y, Wu M, Shi S, Zheng W, Lin M, Sun W, Ke F. Non-metal-mediated N-oxyl radical (TEMPO)-induced acceptorless dehydrogenation of N-heterocycles via electrocatalysis. RSC Adv 2022; 12:5483-5488. [PMID: 35425580 PMCID: PMC8981507 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra08919f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of protocols for direct catalytic acceptorless dehydrogenation of N-heterocycles with metal-free catalysts holds the key to difficulties in green and sustainable chemistry. Herein, an N-oxyl radical (TEMPO) acting as an oxidant in combination with electrochemistry is used as a synthesis system under neutral conditions to produce N-heterocycles such as benzimidazole and quinazolinone. The key feature of this protocol is the utilization of the TEMPO system as an inexpensive and easy to handle radical surrogate that can effectively promote the dehydrogenation reaction. Mechanistic studies also suggest that oxidative TEMPOs redox catalytic cycle participates in the dehydrogenation of 2,3-dihydro heteroarenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqing Hou
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology, Fujian Medical University Fuzhou 350004 China +86-591-22862016 +86-591-22862016
| | - Xinhua Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology, Fujian Medical University Fuzhou 350004 China +86-591-22862016 +86-591-22862016
| | - Yaling Ye
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology, Fujian Medical University Fuzhou 350004 China +86-591-22862016 +86-591-22862016
| | - Mei Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology, Fujian Medical University Fuzhou 350004 China +86-591-22862016 +86-591-22862016
| | - Sunjie Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology, Fujian Medical University Fuzhou 350004 China +86-591-22862016 +86-591-22862016
| | - Wenhe Zheng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University Fuzhou 350004 China
| | - Mei Lin
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology, Fujian Medical University Fuzhou 350004 China +86-591-22862016 +86-591-22862016
| | - Weiming Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology, Fujian Medical University Fuzhou 350004 China +86-591-22862016 +86-591-22862016
| | - Fang Ke
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology, Fujian Medical University Fuzhou 350004 China +86-591-22862016 +86-591-22862016
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12
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You G, Yan J. A CF
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Na‐Mediated Photocatalytic Strategy for Aerobic C3‐H Fluoroalkoxylation of Quinoxalinones with Fluoroalkyl Alcohols. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202103693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guirong You
- College of Pharmaceutical Science Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 China
- Pharmacy College Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences) Taian 271000 China
| | - Jizhong Yan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 China
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13
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Zhao Y, Meng X, Cai C, Wang L, Gong H. Synthesis of α‐Ketoamides via Electrochemical Decarboxylative Acylation of Isocyanides Using α‐Ketoacids as an Acyl Source. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Zhao
- Xiangtan University Chemistry 411105 Xiangtan CHINA
| | - Xia Meng
- Xiangtan University Chemtistry 411105 Xiangtan CHINA
| | - Changqun Cai
- Xiangtan University Chemistry 411105 Xiangtan CHINA
| | - Lingyun Wang
- Xiangtan University Chemistry 411105 Xiangtan CHINA
| | - Hang Gong
- College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University Chemistry College of Chemistry 411105 Xiangtan CHINA
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14
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Ma C, Fang P, Liu ZR, Xu SS, Xu K, Cheng X, Lei A, Xu HC, Zeng C, Mei TS. Recent advances in organic electrosynthesis employing transition metal complexes as electrocatalysts. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2021; 66:2412-2429. [PMID: 36654127 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2021.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Organic electrosynthesis has been widely used as an environmentally conscious alternative to conventional methods for redox reactions because it utilizes electric current as a traceless redox agent instead of chemical redox agents. Indirect electrolysis employing a redox catalyst has received tremendous attention, since it provides various advantages compared to direct electrolysis. With indirect electrolysis, overpotential of electron transfer can be avoided, which is inherently milder, thus wide functional group tolerance can be achieved. Additionally, chemoselectivity, regioselectivity, and stereoselectivity can be tuned by the redox catalysts used in indirect electrolysis. Furthermore, electrode passivation can be avoided by preventing the formation of polymer films on the electrode surface. Common redox catalysts include N-oxyl radicals, hypervalent iodine species, halides, amines, benzoquinones (such as DDQ and tetrachlorobenzoquinone), and transition metals. In recent years, great progress has been made in the field of indirect organic electrosynthesis using transition metals as redox catalysts for reaction classes including C-H functionalization, radical cyclization, and cross-coupling of aryl halides-each owing to the diverse reactivity and accessible oxidation states of transition metals. Although various reviews of organic electrosynthesis are available, there is a lack of articles that focus on recent research progress in the area of indirect electrolysis using transition metals, which is the impetus for this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ping Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhao-Ran Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shi-Shuo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Kun Xu
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Xu Cheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Aiwen Lei
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Hai-Chao Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Chengchu Zeng
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Tian-Sheng Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.
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15
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Chen JY, Wu HY, Gui QW, Yan SS, Deng J, Lin YW, Cao Z, He WM. Sustainable electrochemical cross-dehydrogenative coupling of 4-quinolones and diorganyl diselenides. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(20)63750-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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17
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Wu Y, Zeng L, Li H, Cao Y, Hu J, Xu M, Shi R, Yi H, Lei A. Electrochemical Palladium-Catalyzed Oxidative Sonogashira Carbonylation of Arylhydrazines and Alkynes to Ynones. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:12460-12466. [PMID: 34347455 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c06036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative carbonylation using carbon monoxide has evolved as an attractive tool to valuable carbonyl-containing compounds, while mixing CO with a stoichiometric amount of a chemical oxidant especially oxygen is hazardous and limits its application in scale-up synthesis. By employing anodic oxidation, we developed an electrochemical palladium-catalyzed oxidative carbonylation of arylhydrazines with alkynes, which is regarded as an alternative supplement of the carbonylative Sonogashira reaction. Combining an undivided cell with constant current mode, oxygen-free conditions avoids the explosion hazard of CO. A diversity of ynones are efficiently obtained using accessible arylhydrazines and alkynes under copper-free conditions. A possible mechanism of the electrochemical Pd(0)/Pd(II) cycle is rationalized based upon cyclic voltammetry, kinetic studies, and intermediates experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wu
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Li Zeng
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Haoran Li
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Yue Cao
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Jingcheng Hu
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Minghao Xu
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Renyi Shi
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Hong Yi
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Aiwen Lei
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
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18
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Chicas-Baños DF, Frontana-Uribe BA. Electrochemical Generation and Use in Organic Synthesis of C-, O-, and N-Centered Radicals. CHEM REC 2021; 21:2538-2573. [PMID: 34047059 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
During the last decade several research groups have been developing electrochemical procedures to access highly functionalized organic molecules. Among the most exciting advances, the possibility of using free radical chemistry has attracted the attention of the most important synthetic groups. Nowadays, electrochemical strategies based on these species with a synthetic purpose are published continuously in scientific journals, increasing the alternatives for the synthetic organic chemistry laboratories. Free radicals can be obtained in organic electrochemical reactions; thus, this review reassembles the last decade's (2010-2020) efforts of the electrosynthetic community to generate and take advantage of the C-, O-, and N-centered radicals' reactivity. The electrochemical reactions that occur, as well as the proposed mechanism, are discussed, trying to give clear information about the used conditions and reactivity of these reactive intermediate species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Francisco Chicas-Baños
- Centro Conjunto Química Sustentable UAEMéx-UNAM, Km 14.5 Carretera Toluca-Ixtlahuaca, Toluca, 50200, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Bernardo A Frontana-Uribe
- Centro Conjunto Química Sustentable UAEMéx-UNAM, Km 14.5 Carretera Toluca-Ixtlahuaca, Toluca, 50200, Estado de México, Mexico.,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Química, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, 04510, Mexico
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19
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Jiang P, Liu L, Tan J, Du H. Visible-light-promoted photocatalyst-free alkylation and acylation of benzothiazoles. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:4487-4491. [PMID: 33960996 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00734c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Herein we report a protocol for the visible-light-mediated alkylation/acylation reaction of benzothiazoles. Alkyl/acyl substituted Hantzsch esters are easily prepared and rationally used as radical precursors. In the presence of BF3·Et2O and Na2S2O8, various benzothiazole derivatives were readily obtained in good yields. Our user-friendly protocol can proceed by simple irradiation with blue LEDs (λ = 465 nm) and without the assistance of external photocatalysts. The reaction is also characterized by mild conditions and scalability, thus offering an alternative and efficient tool for the synthesis of 2-functionalized benzothiazoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengxing Jiang
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology (BUCT), Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology (BUCT), Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Jiajing Tan
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology (BUCT), Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Hongguang Du
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology (BUCT), Beijing 100029, China.
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20
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Lian F, Xu K, Zeng C. Indirect Electrosynthesis with Halogen Ions as Mediators. CHEM REC 2021; 21:2290-2305. [PMID: 33728812 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Organic electrosynthesis has gained increasing research interest as it harvests electric current as redox regents, thereby providing a sustainable alternative to conventional approaches. Compared with direct electrosynthesis, indirect electrosynthesis employs mediator(s) to lower the overpotentials for substrate activation, and enhance the reaction efficiency and functional group compatibility by shifting the heterogenous electron transfer process to be homogenous. As one of the most versatile and cost-efficient mediators, halogen mediators are always combined with an irreversible halogenation reaction. Thus, the electrochemical reaction between halogen mediators and substrates doesn't directly controlled by the two standard potentials difference. In this account, our recent developments in the area of halogen-mediated indirect electrosynthesis are summarized. The anodically generated halogen species from halogenide salts have the abilities to undergo electron-transfer (ET) or hydrogen-atom- transfer (HAT) processes. The reaction features, scopes, limitations, and mechanistic rationalisations are discussed in this account. We hope our studies will contribute to the future developments to broaden the scope of halogen-mediated electrosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Lian
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Kun Xu
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Chengchu Zeng
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
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21
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Yang L, Hou H, Li L, Wang J, Zhou S, Wu M, Ke F. Electrochemically induced synthesis of quinazolinones via cathode hydration of o-aminobenzonitriles in aqueous solutions. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:998-1003. [PMID: 33448270 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob02286a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
An efficient and practical electrochemically catalyzed transition metal-free process for the synthesis of substituted quinazolinones from simple and readily available o-aminobenzonitriles and aldehydes in water has been accomplished. I2/base and water play an unprecedented and vital role in the reaction. By electrochemically catalysed hydrolysis of o-aminobenzonitriles, the synthesis of quinazolinones with benzaldehyde was first proposed. The synthetic utility of this method was demonstrated by gram-scale operation, as well as the preparation of bioactive N-(2,5-dichlorophenyl)-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) pteridin-4-amine, which enables straightforward, practical and environmentally benign quinazolinone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yang
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, Sichuan, China
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22
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Meng W, Xu K, Guo B, Zeng C. Recent Advances in Minisci Reactions under Electrochemical Conditions. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202102001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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23
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Chen JY, Zhong CT, Gui QW, Zhou YM, Fang YY, Liu KJ, Lin YW, Cao Z, He WM. Practical and sustainable approach for clean preparation of 5-organylselanyl uracils. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2020.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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24
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Gujjarappa R, Vodnala N, Kandpal A, Roy L, Gupta S, Malakar CC. C sp–C sp bond cleavage and fragment coupling: a transition metal-free “extrusion and recombination” approach towards synthesis of 1,2-diketones. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00848j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A metal-free strategy for C–C bond activation of 1,3-diynes has been established via an “extrusion and recombination” approach to derive structurally important 1,2-diketones in good yields with excellent selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghuram Gujjarappa
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Manipur, Langol, Imphal 795004, Manipur, India
| | - Nagaraju Vodnala
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Manipur, Langol, Imphal 795004, Manipur, India
- Department of Chemistry, Multi-storey building, HauzKhas, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Ashish Kandpal
- Institute of Chemical Technology Mumbai – IOC Odisha Campus Bhubaneswar, IIT Kharagpur Extension Centre, Bhubaneswar 751013, India
| | - Lisa Roy
- Institute of Chemical Technology Mumbai – IOC Odisha Campus Bhubaneswar, IIT Kharagpur Extension Centre, Bhubaneswar 751013, India
| | - Sreya Gupta
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Kolkata, Chunilal Bhawan, 168, Maniktala Main Road, Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Chandi C. Malakar
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Manipur, Langol, Imphal 795004, Manipur, India
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25
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Hu Y, Ma X, Hou H, Sun W, Tu S, Wu M, Lin R, Xu X, Ke F. Electrochemical oxidative synthesis of 2-benzoylquinazolin-4(3 H)-one via C(sp 3)–H amination under metal-free conditions. Catal Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cy01230d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An electrochemically induced C(sp3)–H amination of 2-aminobenzamides with ketones using TBAI as a catalyst was developed, and provided 2-benzoylquinazolin-4(3H)-ones under metal-free conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhi Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350004, China
| | - Xinhua Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350004, China
| | - Huiqing Hou
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350004, China
| | - Weiming Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350004, China
| | - Shuqing Tu
- Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350000, China
| | - Mei Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350004, China
| | - Rongkun Lin
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350004, China
| | - Xiuzhi Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350004, China
| | - Fang Ke
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350004, China
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26
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Abstract
Quinoxalines are observed in several bioactive molecules and have been widely employed in designing molecules for DSSC's, optoelectronics, and sensing applications. Therefore, developing newer synthetic routes as well as novel ways for their functionalization is apparent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gauravi Yashwantrao
- Department of Speciality Chemicals Technology
- Institute of Chemical Technology
- Mumbai-400019
- India
| | - Satyajit Saha
- Department of Speciality Chemicals Technology
- Institute of Chemical Technology
- Mumbai-400019
- India
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27
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Zhang S, Samanta RC, Del Vecchio A, Ackermann L. Evolution of High-Valent Nickela-Electrocatalyzed C-H Activation: From Cross(-Electrophile)-Couplings to Electrooxidative C-H Transformations. Chemistry 2020; 26:10936-10947. [PMID: 32329534 PMCID: PMC7497266 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
C-H activation has emerged as one of the most efficient tools for the formation of carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bonds, avoiding the use of prefunctionalized materials. In spite of tremendous progress in the field, stoichiometric quantities of toxic and/or costly chemical redox reagents, such as silver(I) or copper(II) salts, are largely required for oxidative C-H activations. Recently, electrosynthesis has experienced a remarkable renaissance that enables the use of storable, safe and waste-free electric current as a redox equivalent. While major recent momentum was gained in electrocatalyzed C-H activations by 4d and 5d metals, user-friendly and inexpensive nickela-electrocatalysis has until recently proven elusive for oxidative C-H activations. Herein, the early developments of nickela-electrocatalyzed reductive cross-electrophile couplings as well as net-redox-neutral cross-couplings are first introduced. The focus of this Minireview is, however, the recent emergence of nickel-catalyzed electrooxidative C-H activations until April 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shou‐Kun Zhang
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstraße 237077GöttingenGermany
| | - Ramesh C. Samanta
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstraße 237077GöttingenGermany
| | - Antonio Del Vecchio
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstraße 237077GöttingenGermany
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstraße 237077GöttingenGermany
- Woehler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh)Georg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstraße 237077GöttingenGermany
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28
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Zhang J, Wang H, Chen Y, Xie H, Ding C, Tan J, Xu K. Electrochemical synthesis of selenocyanated imidazo[1,5-a]quinolines under metal catalyst- and chemical oxidant-free conditions. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2019.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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29
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Li T, Liang K, Zhang Y, Hu D, Ma Z, Xia C. Three-Component Minisci Reaction with 1,3-Dicarbonyl Compounds Induced by Visible Light. Org Lett 2020; 22:2386-2390. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource (Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province), School of Chemical Science and Technology, and Yunnan University Library, Yunnan University, 2 North Cuihu Road, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Kangjiang Liang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource (Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province), School of Chemical Science and Technology, and Yunnan University Library, Yunnan University, 2 North Cuihu Road, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource (Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province), School of Chemical Science and Technology, and Yunnan University Library, Yunnan University, 2 North Cuihu Road, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Dongyan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource (Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province), School of Chemical Science and Technology, and Yunnan University Library, Yunnan University, 2 North Cuihu Road, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Zhixian Ma
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource (Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province), School of Chemical Science and Technology, and Yunnan University Library, Yunnan University, 2 North Cuihu Road, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Chengfeng Xia
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource (Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province), School of Chemical Science and Technology, and Yunnan University Library, Yunnan University, 2 North Cuihu Road, Kunming 650091, China
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30
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Chen JY, Wu HY, Gui QW, Han XR, Wu Y, Du K, Cao Z, Lin YW, He WM. Electrochemical Synthesis of α-Ketoamides under Catalyst-, Oxidant-, and Electrolyte-Free Conditions. Org Lett 2020; 22:2206-2209. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Yang Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408000, China
| | - Hong-Yu Wu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408000, China
| | - Qing-Wen Gui
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Protection for Electric Power and Transportation, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China
| | - Xiao-Ran Han
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408000, China
| | - Yan Wu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408000, China
| | - Kui Du
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408000, China
| | - Zhong Cao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Protection for Electric Power and Transportation, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China
| | - Ying-Wu Lin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Wei-Min He
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Protection for Electric Power and Transportation, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China
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31
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Wang H, Shi J, Tan J, Xu W, Zhang S, Xu K. Electrochemical Synthesis of trans-2,3-Disubstituted Aziridines via Oxidative Dehydrogenative Intramolecular C(sp3)–H Amination. Org Lett 2019; 21:9430-9433. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b03641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huiqiao Wang
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Photo- and Electrochemical Catalysis, College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China
| | - Jianxue Shi
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Photo- and Electrochemical Catalysis, College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China
| | - Jiajing Tan
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Wenting Xu
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Photo- and Electrochemical Catalysis, College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Photo- and Electrochemical Catalysis, College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China
| | - Kun Xu
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Photo- and Electrochemical Catalysis, College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China
- College of Life Science & Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
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