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Kechiche A, Al Shehimy S, Khrouz L, Monnereau C, Bucher C, Parola S, Bessmertnykh-Lemeune A, Rousselin Y, Cheprakov AV, Nasri H. Phosphonate-substituted porphyrins as efficient, cost-effective and reusable photocatalysts. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:7498-7516. [PMID: 38596893 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00418c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Recent advances in visible light photocatalysis represent a significant stride towards sustainable catalytic chemistry. However, its successful implementation in fine chemical production remains challenging and requires careful optimization of available photocatalysts. Our work aims to structurally modify bioinspired porphyrin catalysts, addressing issues related to their laborious synthesis and low solubility, with the goal of increasing their efficiency and developing reusable catalytic systems. We have demonstrated the catalytic potential of readily available meso-tetrakis[4-(diethoxyphosphoryl)phenyl]porphyrins (M(TPPP)). Novel metal (Pd(II), Co(II) and In(III)) complexes with this ligand were prepared in good yields. These chromophores were characterized in solution using spectroscopic (NMR, UV-vis, fluorescence) and electrochemical methods. The introduction of phosphonate groups on the phenyl substituents of meso-tetraphenylporphyrins (M(TPP)) improves solubility in polar organic solvents without significantly altering the photophysical properties and photostability of complexes. This structural modification also leads to easier reductions and harder oxidations of the macrocycle for all investigated complexes compared to the corresponding TPP derivatives. The free base porphyrin, zinc(II), palladium(II), and indium(III) complexes were studied as photocatalysts for oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides using molecular oxygen as a terminal oxidant. Both dialkyl and alkyl aryl sulfides were quantitatively transformed into sulfoxides under blue LED irradiation in the acetonitrile-water mixture (10 : 1 v/v) with a low loading (0.005-0.05 mol%) of porphyrin photocatalysts, where H2(TPPP) and Pd(TPPP) were found to be the most efficient. The reaction mechanism was studied using photoluminescence and EPR spectroscopies. Then, to access reusable catalysts, water-soluble derivatives bearing phosphonic acid groups, H2(TPPP-A) and Pd(TPPP-A), were prepared in high yields. These compounds were characterized using spectroscopic methods. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of Pd(TPPP-A) reveals that the complex forms a 3D hydrogen-bonded organic framework (HOF) in the solid state. Both H2(TPPP-A) and Pd(TPPP-A) were found to catalyze the photooxidation of sulfides by molecular oxygen in the acetonitrile-water mixture (1 : 1 v/v), while only Pd(TPPP-A) resulted in selective production of sulfoxides. The complex Pd(TPPP-A) was easily recovered through extraction in the aqueous phase and successfully reused in five consecutive cycles of the sulfoxidation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azhar Kechiche
- ENS de Lyon, UMR 5182, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 allée d'Italie, 69342 Lyon, France.
| | - Shaymaa Al Shehimy
- ENS de Lyon, UMR 5182, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 allée d'Italie, 69342 Lyon, France.
| | - Lhoussain Khrouz
- ENS de Lyon, UMR 5182, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 allée d'Italie, 69342 Lyon, France.
| | - Cyrille Monnereau
- ENS de Lyon, UMR 5182, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 allée d'Italie, 69342 Lyon, France.
| | - Christophe Bucher
- ENS de Lyon, UMR 5182, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 allée d'Italie, 69342 Lyon, France.
| | - Stephane Parola
- ENS de Lyon, UMR 5182, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 allée d'Italie, 69342 Lyon, France.
| | - Alla Bessmertnykh-Lemeune
- ENS de Lyon, UMR 5182, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 allée d'Italie, 69342 Lyon, France.
| | - Yoann Rousselin
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne, UMR CNRS 6302, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 9 Avenue Alain Savary, 21078 Dijon, France
| | - Andrey V Cheprakov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Chemistry, 1-3, Leninskie Gory, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Habib Nasri
- University of Monastir, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Materials (LR01ES19), Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, Avenue of the Environment, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia
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Korobkov SM, Birin KP, Khodan AN, Grafov OY, Gorbunova YG, Tsivadze AY. Nanostructured Aluminum Oxyhydroxide-A Prospective Support for Functional Porphyrin-Based Materials. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12165. [PMID: 37569539 PMCID: PMC10418628 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
A method for the grafting of unsymmetrical A2BC-type 5,15-bis(4-butoxyphenyl)-10-(4-carboxyphenyl)-20-(phenanthrenoimidazolyl)-porphyrin onto the surface of nanostructured aluminum oxyhydroxide modified with a single SiO2 layer (NAOM) was successfully developed. A straightforward procedure towards surface modification of NAOM allowed us to prepare a new porphyrin-containing hybrid material. The obtained 3D heterostructure was extensively characterized using XPS, TEM and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. Structural and morphological peculiarities of the inorganic support before and after the immobilization procedure were studied and discussed in detail. The stability of the material against leaching and the porphyrin immobilization ratio ca. 14% by weight were also revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stepan M. Korobkov
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr., 31, bldg 4, 119071 Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, GSP-1, 1-3 Leninskiye Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Kirill P. Birin
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr., 31, bldg 4, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anatole N. Khodan
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr., 31, bldg 4, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Oleg Yu. Grafov
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr., 31, bldg 4, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yulia G. Gorbunova
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr., 31, bldg 4, 119071 Moscow, Russia
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr., 31, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Aslan Yu. Tsivadze
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr., 31, bldg 4, 119071 Moscow, Russia
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr., 31, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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