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Shi X, Ye J, Liu P, Gao W, Feng Z, Zheng C, Huang Y, Guo Y, Zhang L. Case report: Rare pulmonary fungal infection caused by Penicillium digitatum: the first clinical report in China. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1424586. [PMID: 39086942 PMCID: PMC11288832 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1424586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Penicillium digitatum is a common plant pathogen that causes citrus rot, which is extremely rare in humans. We report a case of a 66-year-old man with a history of consuming large amounts of citrus fruits, smoking for 30 years, and a history of emphysema. He had experienced intermittent coughing with sputum for more than 10 years and was admitted to the hospital due to worsening of symptoms over the past month. Despite antibiotic treatment, his condition did not improve. Subsequently, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was detected by metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS), which showed the presence of P. digitatum. The fungal culture of BALF also indicated the presence of the Penicillium genus. The diagnosis was lung infection caused by P. digitatum, and the patient was treated with itraconazole. The lung infection was controlled. This is the third reported case of invasive pulmonary fungal infection caused by P. digitatum worldwide at the genus level, and the first reported case in China. Although human infections caused by P. digitatum are rare, as an emerging opportunistic pathogen, the detection of this fungus in immunocompromised patients should still be clinically important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Shi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Hebei Medical University Third Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jiaqing Ye
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hebei Medical University Third Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Peiling Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Hebei Medical University Third Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Weili Gao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Intractable Pathogens, Shijiazhuang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhongjun Feng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hebei Medical University Third Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Cuiying Zheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hebei Medical University Third Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yinqi Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hebei Medical University Third Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yumei Guo
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Intractable Pathogens, Shijiazhuang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lijie Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hebei Medical University Third Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
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Qiu Y, Huang J, Li Y, Zeng W, Pan M, Cen J, Zhang H, Sun X, Qu D, Zhang J. Talaromyces marneffei and nontuberculous mycobacteria co-infection in HIV-negative patients. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16177. [PMID: 34376749 PMCID: PMC8355300 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95686-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
To describe the clinical features and the risk factors for nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) and Talaromyces marneffei (TM) co-infections in HIV-negative patients. A multicenter retrospective study in 13 hospitals, and a systematic literature review were performed of original articles published in English related to TM/NTM co-infections. HIV-negative patients with TM and NTM co-infections comprised Group 1; TM-only infection Group 2; NTM-only infection Group 3; and healthy volunteers Group 4. Univariate logistic analysis was used to estimate the potential risk factors of TM/NTM co-infections. A total of 22 cases of TM and NTM co-infections were enrolled. Of these, 17 patients (77.3%) had a missed diagnosis of one of the TM or NTM pathogens. The anti-IFN-γ autoantibodies (AIGAs) titer, white blood cell (WBC), neutrophil counts (N), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C reactive protein (CRP), globulin, and immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels of Group 1 were higher than those of the other groups, whereas the levels of CD4+T cells was lower than those of other groups. There was a significant negative correlation between the AIGA titers and the number of CD4+T cells (P < 0.05). Factors including the ratio of the actual values to the cut-off values of AIGAs, WBC, N, HGB, CD4+T cells, IgG, IgM, IgA, serum globulin, ESR, and CRP were taken as potential risk factors for TM and NTM co-infection. Most patients with TM and NTM co-infection had a missed diagnosis of one of the TM or NTM pathogens. The levels of AIGAs, WBC, N, ESR, and CRP in TM and NTM co-infections were remarkably higher than in mono-infection. High-titer AIGAs may be a potential risk factor and susceptibility factor for co-infection of TM and NTM in HIV-negative hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Qiu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China.,Department of Comprehensive Internal Medicine, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.,Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Tuberculosis Ward, Nanning Forth People's Hospital, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Yiyang Central Hospital, Yiyang, 413000, Hunan, China
| | - Wen Zeng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Mianluan Pan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiemei Cen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Xuejiao Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Liuzhou First People's Hospital, Liuzhou, 545000, Guangxi, China
| | - Dongming Qu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Nan Xishan Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin, 541000, Guangxi, China
| | - Jianquan Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China.
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Abstract
Acute pancreatitis and chronic pancreatitis are complex inflammatory disorders of the pancreas with unpredictable severity, complications, and clinical courses. Growing evidence for genetic risk and modifying factors, plus strong evidence that only a minority of patients with these disorders are heavy alcohol drinkers, has revolutionized our concept of these diseases. Once considered a self-inflicted injury, pancreatitis is now recognized as a complex inflammatory condition like inflammatory bowel disease. Genetic linkage and candidate gene studies have identified six pancreas-targeting factors that are associated with changes in susceptibility to acute and/or chronic pancreatitis, including cationic trypsinogen (PRSS1), anionic trypsinogen (PRSS2), serine protease inhibitor Kazal 1 (SPINK1), cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), chymotrypsinogen C (CTRC) and calcium-sensing receptor (CASR). Patients with mutations in these genes are at increased risk of pancreatitis caused by a variety of stresses including hyperlipidemia and hypercalcemia. Multiple studies are reporting new polymorphisms, as well as complex gene x gene and gene x environmental interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Whitcomb
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
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