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Westhoff M, Neumann P, Geiseler J, Bickenbach J, Arzt M, Bachmann M, Braune S, Delis S, Dellweg D, Dreher M, Dubb R, Fuchs H, Hämäläinen N, Heppner H, Kluge S, Kochanek M, Lepper PM, Meyer FJ, Neumann B, Putensen C, Schimandl D, Schönhofer B, Schreiter D, Walterspacher S, Windisch W. [Non-invasive Mechanical Ventilation in Acute Respiratory Failure. Clinical Practice Guidelines - on behalf of the German Society of Pneumology and Ventilatory Medicine]. Pneumologie 2024; 78:453-514. [PMID: 37832578 DOI: 10.1055/a-2148-3323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
The guideline update outlines the advantages as well as the limitations of NIV in the treatment of acute respiratory failure in daily clinical practice and in different indications.Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) has a high value in therapy of hypercapnic acute respiratory failure, as it significantly reduces the length of ICU stay and hospitalization as well as mortality.Patients with cardiopulmonary edema and acute respiratory failure should be treated with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and oxygen in addition to necessary cardiological interventions. This should be done already prehospital and in the emergency department.In case of other forms of acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure with only mild or moderately disturbed gas exchange (PaO2/FiO2 > 150 mmHg) there is no significant advantage or disadvantage compared to high flow nasal oxygen (HFNO). In severe forms of ARDS NIV is associated with high rates of treatment failure and mortality, especially in cases with NIV-failure and delayed intubation.NIV should be used for preoxygenation before intubation. In patients at risk, NIV is recommended to reduce extubation failure. In the weaning process from invasive ventilation NIV essentially reduces the risk of reintubation in hypercapnic patients. NIV is regarded useful within palliative care for reduction of dyspnea and improving quality of life, but here in concurrence to HFNO, which is regarded as more comfortable. Meanwhile NIV is also recommended in prehospital setting, especially in hypercapnic respiratory failure and pulmonary edema.With appropriate monitoring in an intensive care unit NIV can also be successfully applied in pediatric patients with acute respiratory insufficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Westhoff
- Klinik für Pneumologie, Lungenklinik Hemer - Zentrum für Pneumologie und Thoraxchirurgie, Hemer
| | - Peter Neumann
- Abteilung für Klinische Anästhesiologie und Operative Intensivmedizin, Evangelisches Krankenhaus Göttingen-Weende gGmbH
| | - Jens Geiseler
- Medizinische Klinik IV - Pneumologie, Beatmungs- und Schlafmedizin, Paracelsus-Klinik Marl, Marl
| | - Johannes Bickenbach
- Klinik für Operative Intensivmedizin und Intermediate Care, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Aachen
| | - Michael Arzt
- Schlafmedizinisches Zentrum der Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, Regensburg
| | - Martin Bachmann
- Klinik für Atemwegs-, Lungen- und Thoraxmedizin, Beatmungszentrum Hamburg-Harburg, Asklepios Klinikum Harburg, Hamburg
| | - Stephan Braune
- IV. Medizinische Klinik: Akut-, Notfall- und Intensivmedizin, St. Franziskus-Hospital, Münster
| | - Sandra Delis
- Klinik für Pneumologie, Palliativmedizin und Geriatrie, Helios Klinikum Emil von Behring GmbH, Berlin
| | - Dominic Dellweg
- Klinik für Innere Medizin, Pneumologie und Gastroenterologie, Pius-Hospital Oldenburg, Universitätsmedizin Oldenburg
| | - Michael Dreher
- Klinik für Pneumologie und Internistische Intensivmedizin, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen
| | - Rolf Dubb
- Akademie der Kreiskliniken Reutlingen GmbH, Reutlingen
| | - Hans Fuchs
- Zentrum für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Neonatologie und pädiatrische Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg
| | | | - Hans Heppner
- Klinik für Geriatrie und Geriatrische Tagesklinik Klinikum Bayreuth, Medizincampus Oberfranken Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Bayreuth
| | - Stefan Kluge
- Klinik für Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg
| | - Matthias Kochanek
- Klinik I für Innere Medizin, Hämatologie und Onkologie, Universitätsklinikum Köln, Köln
| | - Philipp M Lepper
- Klinik für Innere Medizin V - Pneumologie, Allergologie und Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes und Medizinische Fakultät der Universität des Saarlandes, Homburg
| | - F Joachim Meyer
- Lungenzentrum München - Bogenhausen-Harlaching) München Klinik gGmbH, München
| | - Bernhard Neumann
- Klinik für Neurologie, Donauisar Klinikum Deggendorf, und Klinik für Neurologie der Universitätsklinik Regensburg am BKH Regensburg, Regensburg
| | - Christian Putensen
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Anästhesiologie und Operative Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Bonn
| | - Dorit Schimandl
- Klinik für Pneumologie, Beatmungszentrum, Zentralklinik Bad Berka GmbH, Bad Berka
| | - Bernd Schönhofer
- Klinik für Innere Medizin, Pneumologie und Intensivmedizin, Evangelisches Klinikum Bethel, Universitätsklinikum Ost Westphalen-Lippe, Bielefeld
| | | | - Stephan Walterspacher
- Medizinische Klinik - Sektion Pneumologie, Klinikum Konstanz und Lehrstuhl für Pneumologie, Universität Witten-Herdecke, Witten
| | - Wolfram Windisch
- Lungenklinik, Kliniken der Stadt Köln gGmbH, Lehrstuhl für Pneumologie Universität Witten/Herdecke, Köln
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2
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Burgel PR, Southern KW, Addy C, Battezzati A, Berry C, Bouchara JP, Brokaar E, Brown W, Azevedo P, Durieu I, Ekkelenkamp M, Finlayson F, Forton J, Gardecki J, Hodkova P, Hong G, Lowdon J, Madge S, Martin C, McKone E, Munck A, Ooi CY, Perrem L, Piper A, Prayle A, Ratjen F, Rosenfeld M, Sanders DB, Schwarz C, Taccetti G, Wainwright C, West NE, Wilschanski M, Bevan A, Castellani C, Drevinek P, Gartner S, Gramegna A, Lammertyn E, Landau EEC, Plant BJ, Smyth AR, van Koningsbruggen-Rietschel S, Middleton PG. Standards for the care of people with cystic fibrosis (CF); recognising and addressing CF health issues. J Cyst Fibros 2024; 23:187-202. [PMID: 38233247 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2024.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
This is the third in a series of four papers updating the European Cystic Fibrosis Society (ECFS) standards for the care of people with CF. This paper focuses on recognising and addressing CF health issues. The guidance was produced with wide stakeholder engagement, including people from the CF community, using an evidence-based framework. Authors contributed sections, and summary statements which were reviewed by a Delphi consultation. Monitoring and treating airway infection, inflammation and pulmonary exacerbations remains important, despite the widespread availability of CFTR modulators and their accompanying health improvements. Extrapulmonary CF-specific health issues persist, such as diabetes, liver disease, bone disease, stones and other renal issues, and intestinal obstruction. These health issues require multidisciplinary care with input from the relevant specialists. Cancer is more common in people with CF compared to the general population, and requires regular screening. The CF life journey requires mental and emotional adaptation to psychosocial and physical challenges, with support from the CF team and the CF psychologist. This is particularly important when life gets challenging, with disease progression requiring increased treatments, breathing support and potentially transplantation. Planning for end of life remains a necessary aspect of care and should be discussed openly, honestly, with sensitivity and compassion for the person with CF and their family. CF teams should proactively recognise and address CF-specific health issues, and support mental and emotional wellbeing while accompanying people with CF and their families on their life journey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Régis Burgel
- Respiratory Medicine and Cystic Fibrosis National Reference Center, Cochin Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, Université Paris-Cité, Paris, France
| | - Kevin W Southern
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Institute in the Park, Alder Hey Children's Hospital, University of Liverpool, Eaton Road, Liverpool L12 2AP, UK.
| | - Charlotte Addy
- All Wales Adult Cystic Fibrosis Centre, University Hospital Llandough, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, Cardiff, UK
| | - Alberto Battezzati
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Medicine, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, and ICANS-DIS, Department of Food Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Claire Berry
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Alder Hey Children's NHS Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jean-Philippe Bouchara
- University of Brest, Fungal Respiratory Infections Research Unit, SFR ICAT, University of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Edwin Brokaar
- Department of Pharmacy, Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - Whitney Brown
- Cystic Fibrosis Foundation, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Bethesda, Maryland, USA, Falls Church, VA, USA
| | - Pilar Azevedo
- Cystic Fibrosis Reference Centre-Centro, Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal
| | - Isabelle Durieu
- Cystic Fibrosis Reference Center (Constitutif), Service de médecine interne et de pathologie vasculaire, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Lyon Sud, RESearch on HealthcAre PErformance (RESHAPE), INSERM U1290, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 8 avenue Rockefeller, 69373 Lyon Cedex 08, France; ERN-Lung Cystic Fibrosis Network, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Miquel Ekkelenkamp
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Felicity Finlayson
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Johanna Gardecki
- CF Centre at Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Pavla Hodkova
- CF Center at University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Gina Hong
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jacqueline Lowdon
- Clinical Specialist Paediatric Cystic Fibrosis Dietitian, Leeds Children's Hospital, UK
| | - Su Madge
- Royal Brompton Hospital, Part of Guys and StThomas's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Clémence Martin
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, Université Paris-Cité and National Reference Center for Cystic Fibrosis, Hôpital Cochin AP-HP, ERN-Lung CF Network, Paris 75014, France
| | - Edward McKone
- St.Vincent's University Hospital and University College Dublin School of Medicine, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anne Munck
- Hospital Necker Enfants-Malades, AP-HP, CF Centre, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Chee Y Ooi
- School of Clinical Medicine, Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine & Health, Department of Gastroenterology, Sydney Children's Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lucy Perrem
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Health Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Amanda Piper
- Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Andrew Prayle
- Child Health, Lifespan and Population Health & Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Felix Ratjen
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics and Translational Medicine, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Margaret Rosenfeld
- Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Research Institute, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Don B Sanders
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Carsten Schwarz
- Division Cystic Fibrosis, CF Center, Clinic Westbrandenburg, HMU-Health and Medical University, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Giovanni Taccetti
- Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Cystic Fibrosis Regional Reference Centre, Italy
| | | | - Natalie E West
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael Wilschanski
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, CF Center, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Amanda Bevan
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Carlo Castellani
- IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, Genova 16147, Italy
| | - Pavel Drevinek
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Motol University Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Silvia Gartner
- Cystic Fibrosis Unit and Pediatric Pulmonology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrea Gramegna
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Respiratory Unit and Adult Cystic Fibrosis Center, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Elise Lammertyn
- Cystic Fibrosis Europe, Brussels, Belgium and the Belgian CF Association, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eddie Edwina C Landau
- The Graub CF Center, Pulmonary Institute, Schneider Children's Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Barry J Plant
- Cork Centre for Cystic Fibrosis (3CF), Cork University Hospital, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Alan R Smyth
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Belfast and NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Queens University Belfast, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - Peter G Middleton
- Westmead Clinical School, Department Respiratory & Sleep Medicine, Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney and CITRICA, Westmead, Australia
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MacLean JE, Fauroux B. Long-term non-invasive ventilation in children: Transition from hospital to home. Paediatr Respir Rev 2023; 47:3-10. [PMID: 36806331 DOI: 10.1016/j.prrv.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Long-term non-invasive ventilation (NIV) is an accepted therapy for sleep-related respiratory disorders and respiratory insufficiency or failure. Increase in the use of long-term NIV may, in part, be driven by an increase in the number of children surviving critical illness with comorbidities. As a result, some children start on long-term NIV as part of transitioning from hospital to home. NIV may be used in acute illness to avoid intubation, facilitate extubation or support tracheostomy decannulation, and to avoid the need for a tracheostomy for long-term invasive ventilation. The decision about whether long-term NIV is appropriate for an individual child and their family needs to be made with care. Preparing for transition from the hospital to home involves understanding how NIV equipment is obtained and set-up, education and training for parents/caregivers, and arranging a plan for clinical follow-up. While planning for these transitions is challenging, the goals of a shorter time in hospital and a child living well at home with their family are important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna E MacLean
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Canada; Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Canada; Stollery Children's Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Brigitte Fauroux
- Pediatric Noninvasive Ventilation and Sleep Unit, Necker University Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France; Université de Paris, EA 7330 VIFASOM, F-75004 Paris, France
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Messer B, Armstrong AD, Lane ND, Robb A, Bullock RE. Exhaled gases and the potential for cross-infection via noninvasive ventilation machines. ERJ Open Res 2022; 8:00109-2022. [PMID: 35795308 PMCID: PMC9251366 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00109-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Use of long-term ventilation (LTV) benefits patients with a diverse range of conditions, including Duchenne muscular dystrophy, motor neurone disease and scoliosis [1]. Patients with pulmonary disease as well as neuromuscular disease can benefit from LTV. COPD patients treated with LTV experience a reduction in hospital admissions and the use of LTV in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients is increasing [2, 3]. Guidelines suggest that exhaled gases do not reach the outlet of noninvasive ventilators in clinical use. In this study, when tidal volumes exceeded 800 mL, exhaled gases did reach the ventilator, leading to a risk of cross-infection between users.https://bit.ly/3EdvtY6
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Jobanputra A, Jagpal S, Marulanda P, Ramagopal M, Santiago T, Naik S. An overview of noninvasive ventilation in cystic fibrosis. Pediatr Pulmonol 2022; 57 Suppl 1:S101-S112. [PMID: 34751000 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.25753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) use was initially reported in cystic fibrosis (CF) in 1991 as a bridge to lung transplantation, and over the decades, the use of NIV has increased in the CF population. Individuals with CF are prone to various physiologic changes as lung function worsens, and they benefit from NIV for advanced lung disease. As life expectancy in CF has been increasing due to advances such as highly effective modulator therapy, people with CF may also benefit from NIV for other diagnosis beyond advanced lung disease. NIV can improve gas exchange, quality of sleep, exercise tolerance, and augment airway clearance in CF. CF providers can readily become comfortable with this therapeutic modality. In this review, we will summarize the physiologic basis for NIV use in CF, describe indications for initiation, and discuss how to order and monitor patients on NIV. We will discuss aspects unique to people with CF and the use of NIV, as well as suggestions on how to reduce risks such as infection. We hope that this serves as a resource for CF providers, in particular those who do not have dedicated training in sleep medicine as we all continue to care for the CF patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aesha Jobanputra
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Rutgers the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Sugeet Jagpal
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Rutgers the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Paula Marulanda
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Rutgers the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Maya Ramagopal
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine and Cystic Fibrosis Center, Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Teodoro Santiago
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Rutgers the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Sreelatha Naik
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Geisinger Wyoming Valley Medical Center, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, USA
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Fauroux B, Abel F, Amaddeo A, Bignamini E, Chan E, Corel L, Cutrera R, Ersu R, Installe S, Khirani S, Krivec U, Narayan O, MacLean J, Perez De Sa V, Pons-Odena M, Stehling F, Trindade Ferreira R, Verhulst S. ERS Statement on pediatric long term noninvasive respiratory support. Eur Respir J 2021; 59:13993003.01404-2021. [PMID: 34916265 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01404-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Long term noninvasive respiratory support, comprising continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and noninvasive ventilation (NIV), in children is expanding worldwide, with increasing complexities of children being considered for this type of ventilator support and expanding indications such as palliative care. There have been improvements in equipment and interfaces. Despite growing experience, there are still gaps in a significant number of areas: there is a lack of validated criteria for CPAP/NIV initiation, optimal follow-up and monitoring; weaning and long term benefits have not been evaluated. Therapeutic education of the caregivers and the patient is of paramount importance, as well as continuous support and assistance, in order to achieve optimal adherence. The preservation or improvement of the quality of life of the patient and caregivers should be a concern for all children treated with long term CPAP/NIV. As NIV is a highly specialised treatment, patients are usually managed by an experienced pediatric multidisciplinary team. This Statement written by experts in the field of pediatric long term CPAP/NIV aims to emphasize on the most recent scientific input and should open up to new perspectives and research areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte Fauroux
- AP-HP, Hôpital Necker, Pediatric noninvasive ventilation and sleep unit, Paris, France .,Université de Paris, EA 7330 VIFASOM, Paris, France
| | - François Abel
- Respiratory Department, Sleep & Long-term Ventilation Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - Alessandro Amaddeo
- Emergency department, Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Bignamini
- Pediatric Pulmonology Unit Regina Margherita Hospital AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza Turin Italy
| | - Elaine Chan
- Respiratory Department, Sleep & Long-term Ventilation Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - Linda Corel
- Pediatric ICU, Centre for Home Ventilation in Children, Erasmus university Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Renato Cutrera
- Pediatric Pulmonology Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Refika Ersu
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa Canada
| | - Sophie Installe
- Department of Pediatrics, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Sonia Khirani
- AP-HP, Hôpital Necker, Pediatric noninvasive ventilation and sleep unit, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, EA 7330 VIFASOM, Paris, France.,ASV Santé, Gennevilliers, France
| | - Uros Krivec
- Department of Paediatric Pulmonology, University Children's Hospital Ljubljana, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Omendra Narayan
- Sleep and Long Term Ventilation unit, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital and University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Joanna MacLean
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton Canada
| | - Valeria Perez De Sa
- Department of Pediatric Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Children's Heart Center, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Marti Pons-Odena
- Pediatric Home Ventilation Programme, University Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.,Respiratory and Immune dysfunction research group, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Florian Stehling
- Pediatric Pulmonology and Sleep Medicine, Cystic Fibrosis Center, Childreńs Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Rosario Trindade Ferreira
- Pediatric Respiratory Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Hospital de Santa Maria, Academic Medical Centre of Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Stijn Verhulst
- Department of Pediatrics, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium.,Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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7
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Fauroux B, Waters K, MacLean JE. Sleep in children and young adults with cystic fibrosis. Paediatr Respir Rev 2021:S1526-0542(21)00094-4. [PMID: 34686437 DOI: 10.1016/j.prrv.2021.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Large gains have been made in the management of respiratory diseases associated with cystic fibrosis (CF). Initial studies evaluating sleep issues in CF focused on respiratory problems of nocturnal hypoxia, alveolar hypoventilation and risk of airway obstruction from nasal polyps with treatment evaluations including long term oxygen therapy or noninvasive ventilation in case of nocturnal hypercapnia. More recent studies include patients whose lung function is better preserved, and have permitted more focus on sleep patterns and sleep quality. This literature identified that reduced sleep duration and poor sleep quality are common and may be explained by chronic pain and cough, frequent stools, gastro-oesophageal reflux, nasal obstruction or sinusitis, and drugs such as corticosteroids or beta-agonists. In the teenage years, poor sleep hygiene, sleep debt and poor sleep quality are associated with depression, poor academic performance, less physical activity, and a decrease in quality of life. Restless leg syndrome also seems to be common in adult patients with CF. These sleep problems seem more important in patients with a low lung function but may also be observed in patients with preserved lung function. The consequences of poor sleep may potentially exaggerate the multi-organ morbidity of CF, such as pain, inflammation, susceptibility to infection, and glucose intolerance, but these aspects are largely under-evaluated. Sleep should be evaluated on a routine basis in CF and prospective studies assessing the benefits of interventions aiming at improving sleep duration and sleep quality urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte Fauroux
- Pediatric Noninvasive Ventilation and Sleep Unit, Necker University Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France; Université de Paris, EA 7330 VIFASOM, F-75004 Paris, France.
| | - Karen Waters
- The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Joanna E MacLean
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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Wadsworth LE, Belcher J, Bright-Thomas RJ. Non-invasive ventilation is associated with long-term improvements in lung function and gas exchange in cystic fibrosis adults with hypercapnic respiratory failure. J Cyst Fibros 2021; 20:e40-e45. [PMID: 34140250 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2021.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) is an established treatment option for cystic fibrosis (CF) patients with type 2 respiratory failure but the benefits of this therapy remain unclear. This study examined the long-term outcomes and response to NIV in a large adult CF cohort. METHODS All patients attending a UK adult CF Centre receiving NIV as treatment for hypercapnic respiratory failure over a nine-year period were studied prospectively. Detailed clinical data was recorded and longitudinal data measurements were examined for the three years pre and post NIV initiation to assess effect of this intervention. RESULTS 94 patients, mean age 29.9 (SD 9.7) years, percent predicted FEV1 21.5 (7.3), received NIV. All patients commenced NIV in a hospital setting. 21 remain alive, 24 received double lung transplant, 49 died without lung transplantation. NIV use was associated with a stabilisation and improvement in both FEV1 and FVC from NIV set up to three years post follow-up, in addition to an increase in body mass index and attenuation of PCO2 (all p<0.001). No single parameter was found to predict long-term NIV response but baseline PCO2 (p=0.005), CRP (p=0.004) and age (p=0.009) were identified as independent predictors of mortality. CONCLUSIONS NIV use in CF adults is associated with improvements in lung function and attenuation of hypercapnia which is maintained for up to three years post NIV initiation. Outcomes for CF patients with severe pulmonary disease commenced on NIV have significantly improved with fifty percent of patients expected to survive for approximately five years.
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Affiliation(s)
- L E Wadsworth
- Manchester Adult Cystic Fibrosis Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, M23 9LT, UK
| | - J Belcher
- Department of Medical Statistics, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, M23 9LT, UK
| | - R J Bright-Thomas
- Manchester Adult Cystic Fibrosis Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, M23 9LT, UK; Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester and Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, UK.
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Papale M, Parisi G, Spicuzza L, Rotolo N, Mulè E, Aloisio D, Manti S, Leonardi S. Nocturnal non invasive ventilation in normocapnic cystic fibrosis patients: a pilot study. ACTA BIO-MEDICA : ATENEI PARMENSIS 2021; 92:e2021164. [PMID: 33988138 PMCID: PMC8182613 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v92i2.11261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM In patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) non-invasive ventilation (NIV) improves lung mechanics and gas exchange, and decreases the work of breathing. Domiciliary NIV is mainly used in hypercapnic patients with severe disease, because it counteracts the progression of lung functional impairment and it is often used as a useful "bridge" to lung transplantation. However, to date, there are no standardized criteria to indicate the effect of a precocious starting of NIV in patients with functional ventilation inhomogeneity without hypercapnia. In this pilot study we assessed whether an early NIV treatment might influence functional and clinical outcomes in CF patients. METHODS Six normocapnic CF patients were treated for one year with NIV. At baseline and after 1 year of NIV treatment, arterial gas analysis, spirometry, MBW to derive LCI, nocturnal cardio-respiratory polygraphy (PG), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were perfomed in all enrolled patients. RESULTS After one year, despite spirometric and LCI values remain statistically not modified, the number of infectious exacerbations was reduced by 50%. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that nocturnal NIV improves clinical conditions of stable CF patients. Finally, we suggest that this procedure can be useful to counteract the progression of lung disease even in normocapnic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Papale
- Pediatric Respiratory Unit, San Marco Hospital, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania.
| | - Giuseppe Parisi
- Pediatric Respiratory Unit, San Marco Hospital, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania.
| | - Lucia Spicuzza
- Respiratory Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania.
| | - Novella Rotolo
- Pediatric Respiratory Unit, San Marco Hospital, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania.
| | - Enza Mulè
- Pediatric Respiratory Unit, San Marco Hospital, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania.
| | - Donatella Aloisio
- Pediatric Respiratory Unit, San Marco Hospital, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania.
| | - Sara Manti
- 1UOC Broncopneumologia Pediatrica e Fibrosi Cistica, AOUP "Vittorio-Emanuele", San Marco Hospital, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy.
| | - Salvatore Leonardi
- Pediatric Respiratory Unit, San Marco Hospital, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania.
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10
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Pulmonary Exacerbations in Adults With Cystic Fibrosis: A Grown-up Issue in a Changing Cystic Fibrosis Landscape. Chest 2021; 159:93-102. [PMID: 32966813 PMCID: PMC7502225 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.09.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary exacerbations (PExs) are significant life events in people with cystic fibrosis (CF), associated with declining lung function, reduced quality of life, hospitalizations, and decreased survival. The adult CF population is increasing worldwide, with many patients surviving prolonged periods with severe multimorbid disease. In many countries, the number of adults with CF exceeds the number of children, and PExs are particularly burdensome for adults as they tend to require longer courses and more IV treatment than children. The approach to managing PExs is multifactorial and needs to evolve to reflect this changing adult population. This review discusses PEx definitions, precipitants, treatments, and the wider implications to health-care resources. It reviews current management strategies, their relevance in particular to adults with CF, and highlights some of the gaps in our knowledge. A number of studies are underway to try to answer some of the unmet needs, such as the optimal length of treatment and the use of nonantimicrobial agents alongside antibiotics. An overview of these issues is provided, concluding that with the changing landscape of adult CF care, the definitions and management of PExs may need to evolve to enable continued improvements in outcomes across the age spectrum of CF.
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11
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Keogh RH, Tanner K, Simmonds NJ, Bilton D. The changing demography of the cystic fibrosis population: forecasting future numbers of adults in the UK. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10660. [PMID: 32606329 PMCID: PMC7327064 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67353-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Improvements in management of cystic fibrosis (CF) through specialist centres in the UK have been associated with a step-change in life expectancy. With increasing numbers of adult patients there is a need to review health care provision to ensure it is sufficient to meet future needs. We used UK CF Registry data to project the number of patients aged 16–17 and 18 and older up to 2030, and numbers therefore requiring specialist adult CF care. Survival modelling was used to estimate age-specific mortality rates. New-diagnosis rates were estimated using diagnoses observed in the Registry and national population figures. Uncertainty in projections was captured through 95% prediction intervals (PI). The number of adults (aged 18 and older) is expected to increase by 28% from 6,225 in 2017 to 7,988 in 2030 (95% PI 7,803–8,169), assuming current mortality rates. If mortality rates improve at the rate seen over recent years, the projected number increases to 8,579 (95% PI 8,386–8,764). The age distribution is also expected to change, with 36% of CF adults being over 40 in 2030, versus 21% in 2017. There is an urgent requirement to review adult CF health care provision, due to both increasing numbers and the changing care needs of an older population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth H Keogh
- Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK.
| | - Kamaryn Tanner
- Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Nicholas J Simmonds
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Emmanuel Kaye Building, 1B Manresa Road, London, SW3 6LR, UK.,Royal Brompton Hospital, Sydney Street, London, SW3 6NP, UK
| | - Diana Bilton
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Emmanuel Kaye Building, 1B Manresa Road, London, SW3 6LR, UK.,Royal Brompton Hospital, Sydney Street, London, SW3 6NP, UK
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12
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Advanced Stage Lung Disease. Respir Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-42382-7_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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13
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Wilson J, Young A. Long‐term non‐invasive ventilation in cystic fibrosis: A bridge too far? Respirology 2019; 24:1131. [DOI: 10.1111/resp.13712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John Wilson
- CF Service Alfred HealthMonash University School of Biomedical Sciences Prahran VIC Australia
| | - Alan Young
- CF Service Alfred HealthMonash University School of Biomedical Sciences Prahran VIC Australia
- Sleep Services, Respiratory and Sleep MedicineEastern Health Melbourne VIC Australia
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14
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Savant AP, McColley SA. Cystic fibrosis year in review 2018, part 2. Pediatr Pulmonol 2019; 54:1129-1140. [PMID: 31125191 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.24365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) research and case reports were robust in the year 2018. This report summarizes publications related the multisystem effects of CF, pulmonary exacerbations, new and expanded therapies other than cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator modulator studies, and patient-reported priorities and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne P Savant
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.,Clinical and Translational Research, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Chicago, Illinois.,Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Susanna A McColley
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.,Clinical and Translational Research, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Chicago, Illinois.,Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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15
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Milross MA, Piper AJ, Dwyer TJ, Wong K, Bell SC, Bye PT, Robbins L, Dobbin C, Moriarty C, Willson G, Norman M, Regnis J, Sullivan C, Grunstein R, Douglas J. Non‐invasive ventilation versus oxygen therapy in cystic fibrosis: A 12‐month randomized trial. Respirology 2019; 24:1191-1197. [DOI: 10.1111/resp.13604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maree A. Milross
- Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Amanda J. Piper
- Faculty of Health and MedicineUniversity of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Tiffany J. Dwyer
- Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Keith Wong
- Faculty of Health and MedicineUniversity of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital Sydney NSW Australia
- NHMRC Centre for Integrated Research and Understanding of Sleep (CIRUS) Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Scott C. Bell
- The Prince Charles Hospital Brisbane QLD Australia
- Lung Bacteria LaboratoryQIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute Brisbane QLD Australia
- Faculty of MedicineThe University of Queensland Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - Peter T.P. Bye
- Faculty of Health and MedicineUniversity of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital Sydney NSW Australia
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16
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Stanford G, Parrott H, Bilton D, Agent P, Banya W, Simmonds N. Randomised cross-over trial evaluating the short-term effects of non-invasive ventilation as an adjunct to airway clearance techniques in adults with cystic fibrosis. BMJ Open Respir Res 2019; 6:e000399. [PMID: 31179002 PMCID: PMC6530498 DOI: 10.1136/bmjresp-2018-000399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) is used in cystic fibrosis (CF) to support airway clearance techniques (ACTs) by augmenting tidal volumes and reducing patient effort. However, the evidence base for this is limited. We hypothesised that NIV, in addition to usual ACT, would increase sputum clearance. In addition, we investigated ease of sputum clearance (EoC), work of breathing (WoB) and NIV tolerability. Methods Adults with CF (16+ years) at the end of hospitalisation for a pulmonary exacerbation were randomised to a cross-over trial of NIV-supported ACT or ACT alone in two consecutive days. No other changes to standard care were made. The primary outcome was the total 24-hour expectorated sputum wet weight after the intervention. Spirometry was completed pre-treatment and post-treatment. Oxygen saturations were measured pre-treatment, during treatment and post-treatment. EoC and WoB were assessed using Visual Analogue Scale. Results 14 subjects completed the study (7 male, mean age 35 [SD 17] years, mean forced expiratory volume in 1 s [FEV1] 49 [20] % predicted). The difference between treatment regimens was −0.98 g sputum (95% CI −11.5 to 9.6, p=0.84) over 24 hours. During treatment oxygen saturations were significantly higher with NIV-supported ACT (mean difference 2.0, 95% CI 0.9 to 2.6, p=0.0004). No other significant differences were found in post-treatment FEV1, EoC, WoB, oxygen saturations or subject preference. Conclusions There was no difference in treatment effect between NIV-supported ACT and ACT alone, although the study was underpowered. Oxygen saturations were significantly higher during NIV-supported ACT, but with no effect on post-treatment saturations. NIV was well tolerated. Trial registration number NCT01885650.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Helen Parrott
- Rehabilitation and Therapies, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
| | - Diana Bilton
- Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
| | - Penny Agent
- Rehabilitation and Therapies, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
| | - Winston Banya
- Research and Development, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
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