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Eldredge JA, Oliver MR, Ooi CY. Cystic fibrosis liver disease in the new era of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulators. Paediatr Respir Rev 2024; 50:54-61. [PMID: 38281822 DOI: 10.1016/j.prrv.2023.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis liver disease (CFLD) is characterised by a wide heterogenity of manifestations and severity. It represents a major cause of morbidity in people with cystic fibrosis (PwCF), which will be of increasing relevance as survival increases in the new era of cystic fibrosis care. No medical therapy currently available has evidence to treat or prevent progression of liver disease. Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) modulators may be transformative on pulmonary, nutritional and quality of life, but direct effect on long term liver disease outcomes is not yet established. Drug-associated hepatic adverse effects may be common, and clinician familiarity with drug-monitoring recommendations is essential. Longitudinal studies are required to understand the effect of CFTR modulators on the incidence and natural history of CFLD, including with early treatment initiation, in established advanced liver disease, and post liver transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Eldredge
- Department of Gastroenterology and Clinical Nutrition, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Mark R Oliver
- Department of Gastroenterology and Clinical Nutrition, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Chee Y Ooi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sydney Children's Hospital Randwick, NSW, Australia; School of Clinical Medicine, Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, UNSW Medicine & Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
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2
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Sellers ZM, Assis DN, Paranjape SM, Sathe M, Bodewes F, Bowen M, Cipolli M, Debray D, Green N, Hughan KS, Hunt WR, Leey J, Ling SC, Morelli G, Peckham D, Pettit RS, Philbrick A, Stoll J, Vavrina K, Allen S, Goodwin T, Hempstead SE, Narkewicz MR. Cystic fibrosis screening, evaluation, and management of hepatobiliary disease consensus recommendations. Hepatology 2024; 79:1220-1238. [PMID: 37934656 PMCID: PMC11020118 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) may cause a spectrum of hepatobiliary complications, including portal hypertension, multilobular cirrhosis, and liver failure. Current guidelines on the detection and monitoring of hepatobiliary complications in CF were published in 1999. The CF Foundation assembled a committee to evaluate research advances and formulate revised guidelines for CF-associated liver disease. A committee of hepatologists, gastroenterologists, pulmonologists, pharmacists, nurses, dietitians, individuals with CF, and the parents of a child with CF devised "population, intervention, comparison, and outcome" questions regarding hepatobiliary disease in CF. PubMed literature searches were performed for each population, intervention, comparison, and outcome question. Recommendations were voted on with 80% agreement required to approve a recommendation. Public comment on initial recommendations was solicited prior to the formulation of final recommendations. Thirty-one population, intervention, comparison, and outcome questions were assembled, 6401 manuscripts were title screened for relevance, with 1053 manuscripts undergoing detailed full-text review. Seven recommendations were approved for screening, 13 for monitoring of existing disease, and 14 for treatment of CF-associated hepatobiliary involvement or advanced liver disease. One recommendation on liver biopsy did not meet the 80% threshold. One recommendation on screening ultrasound was revised and re-voted on. Through a multidisciplinary committee and public engagement, we have assembled updated recommendations and guidance on screening, monitoring, and treatment of CF-associated hepatobiliary involvement and advanced liver disease. While research gaps remain, we anticipate that these recommendations will lead to improvements in CF outcomes through earlier detection and increased evidence-based approaches to monitoring and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary M. Sellers
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - David N. Assis
- Department of Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Shruti M. Paranjape
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Meghana Sathe
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, UT Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Frank Bodewes
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Melissa Bowen
- Department of Advanced Lung Disease and Lung Transplant, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, Virginia, USA
| | - Marco Cipolli
- Cystic Fibrosis Center, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
| | - Dominique Debray
- Pediatric Hepatology Unit, AP-HP, HôpitalNecker-Enfants malades, Paris, France
| | - Nicole Green
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Seattle Children’s Hospital and University of Washington, Seattle, Washington State, USA
| | - Kara S. Hughan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - William R. Hunt
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Julio Leey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Simon C. Ling
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Giuseppe Morelli
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Daniel Peckham
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St. James’s, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Rebeca S. Pettit
- Riley Hospital for Children at IU Health, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Alexander Philbrick
- Department of Specialty Pharmacy, Northwestern Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Janis Stoll
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Kay Vavrina
- University of Texas, Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Stacy Allen
- CF Parent Community Advisor to Cystic Fibrosis Foundation, USA
| | - Tara Goodwin
- CF Parent Community Advisor to Cystic Fibrosis Foundation, USA
| | | | - Michael R. Narkewicz
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Digestive Health Institute, Children’s Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Bodewes FAJA, Freeman AJ, Weymann A, Debray D, Scheers I, Verkade HJ, Narkewicz MR. Towards a Standardized Classification of the Hepatobiliary Manifestations in Cystic Fibrosis (CFHBI): A Joint ESPGHAN/NASPGHAN Position Paper. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2024; 78:153-165. [PMID: 38291686 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000003944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
The broad spectrum of hepatobiliary involvement in cystic fibrosis (CF) has been commonly referred to as cystic fibrosis liver disease (CFLD). However, differences in the definitions of CFLD have led to variations in reported prevalence, incidence rates, and standardized recommendations for diagnosis and therapies. Harmonizing the description of the spectrum of hepatobiliary involvement in all people with CF (pwCF) is deemed essential for providing a reliable account of the natural history, which in turn supports the development of meaningful clinical outcomes in patient care and research. Recognizing this necessity, The European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) and the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (NASPGHAN) commissioned and tasked a committee to develop and propose a systematic classification of the CF hepatobiliary manifestations to increase uniformity, accuracy, and comparability for clinical, registry, and research purposes. This report describes the committee's combined expert position statement on hepatobiliary involvement in CF, which has been endorsed by NASPGHAN and ESPGHAN. We recommend using CFHBI (Cystic Fibrosis Hepato-Biliary Involvement) as the updated term to describe and classify all hepatobiliary manifestations in all pwCF. CFHBI encompasses the current extensive spectrum of phenotypical, clinical, or diagnostic expressions of liver involvement observed in pwCF. We present a schematic categorization of CFHBI, which may also be used to track and classify the changes and development of CFHBI in pwCF over time. The proposed classification for CFHBI is based on expert consensus and has not been validated for clinical practice and research purposes. Achieving validation should be an important aim for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank A J A Bodewes
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology/Hepatology, Beatrix Children's Hospital/University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Alvin Jay Freeman
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Alexander Weymann
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital/The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH
| | - Dominique Debray
- Pediatric Hepatology Unit, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP)-Hôpital Necker-Enfants maladies, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Scheers
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Unit, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Henkjan J Verkade
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology/Hepatology, Beatrix Children's Hospital/University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Michael R Narkewicz
- Digestive Health Institute, Children's Hospital Colorado and Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
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Rowland M, Drummond J, Connolly L, Daly E, McCormick PA, Bourke B. The natural history of cystic fibrosis liver disease a prospective cohort study. J Cyst Fibros 2023; 22:1054-1061. [PMID: 37495468 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2023.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our understanding of the natural history of cystic fibrosis liver disease (CFLD) is limited, leading to uncertainty for patients their families and clinicians when liver abnormalities are identified. AIM to determine the incidence of CFLD, identify risk factors and document the natural history of liver abnormalities in cystic fibrosis (CF). METHODS The Irish longitudinal study of CFLD (ILSCFLD) prospectively enrolled 95% of children with CF in 2007. Their liver disease status was classified as (i) advanced liver disease with portal hypertension (CFLD). (ii) nonspecific cystic fibrosis liver disease (NSCFLD) (iii) no liver disease (NoLD) RESULTS: 480/522 (91.9%) children were followed for a median 8.53 years IQR 1.28, of whom 35 (7.29%) had CFLD, 110 (22.9%) NSCFLD and 335 (69.79%) had NoLD. At follow-up 28/445 (6.29%) participants without CFLD at baseline, progressed to CFLD (Incidence 7.51/1000 person years (Pyrs) (95%CI 4.99-10.86). Of these 25/28(89.28%) were <10 years. No participant >10 years of age without clinical or radiological evidence of liver disease at baseline progressed to CFLD. During follow-up 18/35(51.43%) participants with CFLD died or received a transplant, MTx rate 7.75/100 Pyrs (95%CI 4.59-12.25) compared to NSCFLD 2.33/100 Pyrs (95%CI 1.44-3.56) and NoLD 1.13/100 Pyrs (95%CI 0.77-1.59). CFLD was an independent risk factor for mortality in CF. Children with CFLD also had a shorter life expectancy. CONCLUSION The incidence of CFLD was highest in children under10 years. Children over10 years, with normal hepatic function did not develop CFLD. Research to identify the cause and improve outcome should focus on young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Rowland
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield Dublin 4, Ireland; Catherine McAuley Research Centre, Nelson Street, Dublin 7, Ireland.
| | - Jennifer Drummond
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield Dublin 4, Ireland; Catherine McAuley Research Centre, Nelson Street, Dublin 7, Ireland
| | - Lucy Connolly
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield Dublin 4, Ireland; Catherine McAuley Research Centre, Nelson Street, Dublin 7, Ireland
| | | | - P Aiden McCormick
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield Dublin 4, Ireland; St Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Billy Bourke
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield Dublin 4, Ireland; Children's Health Ireland at Crumlin, Crumlin Dublin 12, Ireland; National Children's Research Centre, Crumlin Dublin 12, Ireland; Conway Institute of Biomedical and Molecular Science, University College Dublin Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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5
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Scott JA, Jones AM, Jokl E, Gordon-Walker T, Barry PJ, Hanley NA, Piper Hanley K, Athwal VS. Improving detection of cystic fibrosis related liver disease using liver fibrosis assessment tools. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21861. [PMID: 38053913 PMCID: PMC10694159 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & aims Cystic Fibrosis related liver disease (CFLD) is the 3rd largest cause of death in Cystic Fibrosis (CF). As advances in pulmonary therapies have increased life-expectancy, CFLD has become more prevalent. Current guidelines may underdiagnose liver fibrosis, particularly in its early stages. Newer modalities for the assessment of fibrosis may provide a more accurate assessment. FibroScan is validated in assessing fibrosis for several aetiologies including alcohol and fatty liver, the CFLD cohort have an entirely different phenotype so the cut off values are not transferrable. We appraised fibrosis assessment tools to improve diagnosis of CFLD. Methods A prospective cohort (n = 114) of patients from the Manchester Adult Cystic Fibrosis Centre, UK were identified at annual assessment. Demographic data including co-morbidity, CFTR genotyping, biochemistry and imaging were used alongside current guidelines to group into CFLD and CF without evidence of liver disease. All patients underwent liver stiffness measurement (LSM) and assessment of serum-based fibrosis biomarker panels. A new diagnostic criterion was created and validated in a second, independent cohort. Results 12 of 114 patient classified as CFLD according to the European Cystic Fibrosis Society best practice guidelines. No specific risk factors for development of CFLD were identified. Liver enzymes were elevated in patients with CFLD. Serum biomarker panels did not improve diagnostic criteria. LSM accurately predicted CFLD. A new diagnostic criterion was proposed and validated in a separate cohort, accurately predicating CFLD in 10 of 32 patients (31 %). Conclusion We present a cohort of patients with CF assessed for the presence of liver fibrosis using blood biomarkers and LSM based platforms. We propose a new, simplified diagnostic criteria, capable of accurately predicting liver disease in patients with CF.Clinical trials number: NCT04277819.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A. Scott
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrine and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Division of Gastroenterology, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Andrew M. Jones
- Adult Cystic Fibrosis Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Elliot Jokl
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrine and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Timothy Gordon-Walker
- Department of Hepatology, Scotland Liver Transplant Unit, Royal Infirmary Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Peter J. Barry
- Adult Cystic Fibrosis Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Neil A. Hanley
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrine and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Directorate of Research and Innovation, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Karen Piper Hanley
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrine and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Directorate of Research and Innovation, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Varinder S. Athwal
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrine and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Division of Gastroenterology, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
- Directorate of Research and Innovation, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
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Mulrennan S, Sapru K, Tewkesbury D, Jones AM. Beyond the Lungs-Emerging Challenges in Adult Cystic Fibrosis Care. Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2023; 44:307-314. [PMID: 36535664 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1758734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a multisystem disease. This article provides an up-to-date review of many of the nonrespiratory complications of CF, including mental health issues, nutritional and gastrointestinal problems, fertility issues, diabetes mellitus, bone health and musculoskeletal problems, liver disease, renal problems, and risk of malignancy. It highlights the recent impact of new therapies, including CF transmembrane conductance regulator modulators, on the nonrespiratory complications of CF and provides insights into the potential challenges faced by an aging population of adults with CF and their caregivers, including the potential future risk for cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siobhain Mulrennan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Australia.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Australia
| | - Karuna Sapru
- Manchester Adult Cystic Fibrosis Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Tewkesbury
- Manchester Adult Cystic Fibrosis Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew M Jones
- Manchester Adult Cystic Fibrosis Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
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7
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Huynh N, Selvadurai H, Arbuckle S, Cheah E, Dutt S, Thomas G. Severe obstructive biliopathy mimicking biliary atresia in an infant with cystic fibrosis. J Paediatr Child Health 2022; 58:343-346. [PMID: 33818837 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.15475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Huynh
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hiran Selvadurai
- Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Susan Arbuckle
- Department of Histopathology, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Eric Cheah
- Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Shoma Dutt
- Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gordon Thomas
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Liver disease (CFLD) as a complication of cystic fibrosis is recognized as a more severe disease phenotype in both children and adults. We review recent advances in understanding the disease mechanism and consider the implications of new strategies for the diagnosis and management of cystic fibrosis in those with evidence of clinically significant liver disease. RECENT FINDINGS Evidence suggests that the prevalence of CFLD has not declined with the introduction of newborn screening. Furthermore, children with CFLD, who have been diagnosed with cystic fibrosis following newborn screening continue to have a much higher mortality rate compared with those with no liver disease. There is further data suggesting noncirrhotic obliterative portal venopathy as the predominant pathological mechanism in the majority of children and young adults receiving a liver transplantation. Little progress has been made in developing an accurate noninvasive test for early diagnosis or monitoring disease progression in CFLD. The benefit of new modulator therapies is not well understood in those with established CFLD, whereas the risk of hepatotoxicity as a complication of treatment must be carefully monitored. SUMMARY Better understanding of the pathophysiology of CFLD would allow a standardized approach to diagnosis, with the potential to improve outcomes for those with CFLD.
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Sasame A, Stokes D, Bourke B, Connolly L, Fitzpatrick E, Rowland M. The impact of liver disease on mortality in cystic fibrosis-A systematic review. J Cyst Fibros 2021; 21:202-211. [PMID: 34380590 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2021.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is conflicting evidence on the impact of liver disease (CFLD) on life expectancy in CF. Therefore the aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the impact of liver disease (CFLD) on mortality in CF. METHODS The protocol was published at (https://hrbopenresearch.org/articles/3-44/v3) using PRISPMA-P guidelines and registered in Prospero 2020 (CRD42020182885). Three databases were searched for publications (1938-2020) where the outcome was all-cause mortality (defined as death and transplantation) or CF-specific mortality in participants with CFLD. Studies with and without a comparator group were included. Studies were divided into 2 groups based on the definition of CFLD: Group 1 used 2 categories of liver disease (i) liver disease with portal hypertension (PH) (ii) non-specific abnormalities which did not meet the criteria for PH, Group 2 studies only included participants with PH. RESULTS All 14 eligible studies were observational, with a moderate-high risk of bias, Six of the 14 studies directly compared mortality between those with CFLD and those with no liver disease, and 5/6 demonstrated that those with CFLD had at least 3 time the risk of death compared to those with no liver disease. Pulmonary complications were the primary cause of death. CONCLUSION This SR demonstrates that liver disease shortens life expectancy in CF, and that pulmonary complications are the primary cause of death in those with CFLD. There has been no improvement in survival for persons with CFLD despite significant improvements in life expectancy for persons with CF who have no evidence of liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Sasame
- School of Medicine University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Diarmuid Stokes
- UCD Library, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Billy Bourke
- School of Medicine University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; Children's Health Ireland at Crumlin, Crumlin, Dublin 12, Ireland; King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London, UK
| | - Lucy Connolly
- School of Medicine University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Emer Fitzpatrick
- School of Medicine University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; Children's Health Ireland at Crumlin, Crumlin, Dublin 12, Ireland; King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London, UK
| | - Marion Rowland
- School of Medicine University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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10
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Colombo C, Alicandro G, Oliver M, Lewindon PJ, Ramm GA, Ooi CY, Alghisi F, Kashirskaya N, Kondratyeva E, Corti F, Padoan R, Asherova I, Evans H, de Monestrol I, Strandvik B, Lindblad A. Ursodeoxycholic acid and liver disease associated with cystic fibrosis: A multicenter cohort study. J Cyst Fibros 2021; 21:220-226. [PMID: 33814323 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2021.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The efficacy and safety of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) for the treatment of liver disease associated with cystic fibrosis (CF) are under discussion, and clinical practice varies among centers. The study aimed at evaluating if the incidence of severe liver disease differs between CF centers routinely prescribing or not prescribing UDCA. METHODS We carried out a retrospective multicenter cohort study including 1591 CF patients (1192 patients from UDCA-prescribing centers and 399 from non-prescribing centers) born between 1990 and 2007 and followed from birth up to 31 December 2016. We computed the crude cumulative incidence (CCI) of portal hypertension (PH) at the age of 20 years in the two groups and estimated the subdistribution hazard ratio (HR) through a Fine and Gray model. RESULTS Over the observation period, 114 patients developed PH: 90 (7.6%) patients followed-up in UDCA prescribing centers and 24 (6.0%) in non-prescribing centers. The CCI of PH at 20 years was 10.1% (95% CI: 7.9-12.3) in UDCA-prescribing and 7.7% (95% CI: 4.6-10.7) in non-prescribing centers. The HR among patients followed in prescribing centers indicated no significant difference in the rate of PH either in the unadjusted model (HR: 1.21, 95% CI: 0.69-2.11) or in the model adjusted for pancreatic insufficiency (HR: 1.28, 95% CI: 0.77-2.12). CONCLUSIONS CF patients followed-up in UDCA prescribing centers did not show a lower incidence of PH as compared to those followed in centers not prescribing UDCA. These results question the utility of UDCA in reducing the occurrence of severe liver disease in CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Colombo
- IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Università degli Studi di Milano, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Milan, Italy.
| | - Gianfranco Alicandro
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Milan, Italy
| | - Mark Oliver
- Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Grant A Ramm
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Chee Y Ooi
- Sydney Children's Hospital & School of Women's and Children's Health, Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Nataliya Kashirskaya
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «Research Centre for Medical Genetics», Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Kondratyeva
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «Research Centre for Medical Genetics», Moscow, Russia
| | - Fabiola Corti
- IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Helen Evans
- Starship Children's Health, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Birgitta Strandvik
- Department of Bioscience and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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11
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Masand PM, Narkewicz MR, Leung DH. The Emergence of Elastography for Cystic Fibrosis Liver Disease. J Cyst Fibros 2020; 19:339-341. [PMID: 32600654 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2020.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P M Masand
- Prakash M Masand, Edward B. Singleton Department of Radiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.
| | - M R Narkewicz
- Digestive Health Institute, Children's Hospital Colorado and Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - D H Leung
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Texas Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
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