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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in Dental and Nondental Tissue Regeneration: A Review of an Unexploited Potential. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:1941629. [PMID: 32300365 PMCID: PMC7146092 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1941629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-based therapies currently represent the state of art for tissue regenerative treatment approaches for various diseases and disorders. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), reprogrammed from adult somatic cells, using vectors carrying definite transcription factors, have manifested a breakthrough in regenerative medicine, relying on their pluripotent nature and ease of generation in large amounts from various dental and nondental tissues. In addition to their potential applications in regenerative medicine and dentistry, iPSCs can also be used in disease modeling and drug testing for personalized medicine. The current review discusses various techniques for the production of iPSC-derived osteogenic and odontogenic progenitors, the therapeutic applications of iPSCs, and their regenerative potential in vivo and in vitro. Through the present review, we aim to explore the potential applications of iPSCs in dental and nondental tissue regeneration and to highlight different protocols used for the generation of different tissues and cell lines from iPSCs.
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Larsen LE, Smith MA, Abbey D, Korn A, Reeskamp LF, Hand NJ, Holleboom AG. Hepatocyte-like cells derived from induced pluripotent stem cells: A versatile tool to understand lipid disorders. Atherosclerosis 2020; 303:8-14. [PMID: 32460140 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dyslipidemias are strongly linked to the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Most dyslipidemias find their origin in the liver. In recent years, the differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) into hepatocyte-like cells has provided a versatile platform for the functional study of various dyslipidemias, both rare genetic dyslipidemia as well as common lipid disorders associated with insulin resistance or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. In addition, iPSC-derived hepatocytes can serve as a cell model for developing novel lipid lowering therapies and have the potential of regenerative medicine. This review provides an overview of these developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars E Larsen
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mikhaila A Smith
- Departments of Genetics and Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Deepti Abbey
- Departments of Genetics and Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Amber Korn
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Laurens F Reeskamp
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nicholas J Hand
- Departments of Genetics and Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.
| | - Adriaan G Holleboom
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Penney J, Ralvenius WT, Tsai LH. Modeling Alzheimer's disease with iPSC-derived brain cells. Mol Psychiatry 2020; 25:148-167. [PMID: 31391546 PMCID: PMC6906186 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-019-0468-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder with no cure. Countless promising therapeutics have shown efficacy in rodent Alzheimer's disease models yet failed to benefit human patients. While hope remains that earlier intervention with existing therapeutics will improve outcomes, it is becoming increasingly clear that new approaches to understand and combat the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease are needed. Human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technologies have changed the face of preclinical research and iPSC-derived cell types are being utilized to study an array of human conditions, including neurodegenerative disease. All major brain cell types can now be differentiated from iPSCs, while increasingly complex co-culture systems are being developed to facilitate neuroscience research. Many cellular functions perturbed in Alzheimer's disease can be recapitulated using iPSC-derived cells in vitro, and co-culture platforms are beginning to yield insights into the complex interactions that occur between brain cell types during neurodegeneration. Further, iPSC-based systems and genome editing tools will be critical in understanding the roles of the numerous new genes and mutations found to modify Alzheimer's disease risk in the past decade. While still in their relative infancy, these developing iPSC-based technologies hold considerable promise to push forward efforts to combat Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Penney
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - William T Ralvenius
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Li-Huei Tsai
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
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Cui X, Cui Y, Shi L, Luan J, Zhou X, Han J. A basic understanding of Turner syndrome: Incidence, complications, diagnosis, and treatment. Intractable Rare Dis Res 2018; 7:223-228. [PMID: 30560013 PMCID: PMC6290843 DOI: 10.5582/irdr.2017.01056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Turner syndrome (TS), also known as Congenital ovarian hypoplasia syndrome, occurs when the X chromosome is partially or completely missing in females. Its main clinical manifestations include growth disorders, reproductive system abnormalities, cardiovascular abnormalities, and autoimmune diseases. TS is highly prevalent in China. Timely diagnosis is crucial, and non-invasive prenatal DNA testing can identify TS and other diseases. Treatment of TS mainly involves administration of growth hormone combined with very low doses of estrogen to increase the patients height. This article describes the incidence, complications, diagnosis, and treatment of TS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Cui
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Ji’nan-Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Ji'nan, China
- Key Laboratory for Rare Disease Research of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory for Biotech Drugs of the Ministry of Health, Shandong Medical Biotechnological Center, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, China
| | - Yazhou Cui
- Key Laboratory for Rare Disease Research of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory for Biotech Drugs of the Ministry of Health, Shandong Medical Biotechnological Center, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, China
| | - Liang Shi
- Key Laboratory for Rare Disease Research of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory for Biotech Drugs of the Ministry of Health, Shandong Medical Biotechnological Center, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, China
| | - Jing Luan
- Key Laboratory for Rare Disease Research of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory for Biotech Drugs of the Ministry of Health, Shandong Medical Biotechnological Center, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Rare Disease Research of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory for Biotech Drugs of the Ministry of Health, Shandong Medical Biotechnological Center, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, China
| | - Jinxiang Han
- Key Laboratory for Rare Disease Research of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory for Biotech Drugs of the Ministry of Health, Shandong Medical Biotechnological Center, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, China
- Address correspondence to:Dr. Jinxiang Han, Key Laboratory for Rare Disease Research of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory for Biotech Drugs of the Ministry of Health, Shandong Medical Biotechnological Center, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong 250062, China. E-mail:
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Mo X, Li N, Wu S. Generation and characterization of bat-induced pluripotent stem cells. Theriogenology 2014; 82:283-93. [PMID: 24853281 PMCID: PMC7103130 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2013] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) were first generated from mouse embryonic fibroblasts in the year 2006. These cells resemble the typical morphology of embryonic stem cells, express pluripotency markers, and are able to transmit through germlines. To date, iPSCs of many species have been generated, whereas generation of bat iPSCs (biPSCs) has not been reported. To facilitate in-depth study of bats at the molecular and cellular levels, we describe the successful derivation of biPSCs with a piggyBac (PB) vector that contains eight reprogramming factors Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, Nanog, cMyc, Lin28, Nr5a2, and miR302/367. These biPSCs were cultured in media containing leukemia inhibitory factor and three small molecule inhibitors (CHIR99021, PD0325901, and A8301). They retained normal karyotype, displayed alkaline phosphatase activity, and expressed pluripotency markers Oct4, Sox2, Nanog, TBX3, and TRA-1-60. They could differentiate in vitro to form embryoid bodies and in vivo to form teratomas that contained tissue cells of all three germ layers. Generation of biPSCs will facilitate future studies on the mechanisms of antiviral immunity and longevity of bats at the cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ning Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Sen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Chung CY, Yang JT, Kuo YC. Polybutylcyanoacrylate nanoparticle-mediated neurotrophin-3 gene delivery for differentiating iPS cells into neurons. Biomaterials 2013; 34:5562-70. [PMID: 23623427 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Guided neuronal differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) with genetic regulation is an important issue in biomedical research and in clinical practice for nervous regeneration and repair. To enhance the intracellular delivery of plasmid DNA (pDNA), polybutylcyanoacrylate (PBCA) nanoparticles (NPs) were employed to mediate the transport of neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) into iPSCs. The ability of iPSCs to differentiate into neuronal lineages was shown by immunofluorescent staining, western blotting, and flow cytometry. By transmission electron microscopy, we found that PBCA NPs could efficiently grasp pDNA, thereby increasing the particle size and conferring a negative surface charge. In addition, the treatments with PBCA NP/NT-3 complexes enhanced the expression of NT-3, TrkC, NH-H, NSE, and PSD95 by differentiating iPSCs. Neurons produced from iPSCs were incapable of returning to pluripotency, demonstrating with a series of differentiation scheme for adipogenesis and osteogenesis. The pretreatment with PBCA NP/NT-3 complexes can be one of critical biotechnologies and effective delivery systems in gene transfection to accelerate the differentiation of iPSCs into neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiu-Yen Chung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi 62102, Taiwan, ROC
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Adegani FJ, Langroudi L, Arefian E, Shafiee A, Dinarvand P, Soleimani M. A comparison of pluripotency and differentiation status of four mesenchymal adult stem cells. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 40:3693-703. [PMID: 23275202 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-2445-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The self-renewal and differentiation status of a stem cell is very important in the applications concerning regenerative medicine. Proliferation capacity, differentiation potentials and epigenetic properties of stem cells differ between sources. Studies have shown the high potentials of stem cells in iPS reprogramming. To examine this; we have compared the stem-ness and differential potential of four adult stem cells from common sources. We show a correlation between pluripotency and differentiation status of each stem cell with available data on the reprogramming efficiency. Four human adult stem cells including, adipose tissue-mesenchymal stem cells (AT-MSC), bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs), nasal septum derived multipotent progenitors (NSP) and umbilical cord blood stem cells (USSCs) were isolated and characterized. The self- renewal and differentiation potentials of each stem cell were assessed. Stem-ness transcription factors and the propagation potentials of all cells were analyzed. Furthermore the differentiation potentials were evaluated using treatment with induction factors and specific MicroRNA profile. Real-time PCR results showed that our stem cells express innate differentiation factors, miR145 and Let7g, which regulate the stem-ness and also the reprogramming potentials of each stem cell. To complete our view, we compared the propagation and differentiation potentials by correlating the stem-ness gene expression with differentiation MicroRNAs, also the direct effect of these factors on reprogramming. Our results suggest that the potentials of adipose tissue stem cells for GMP (Good Manufacturing Practice) compliant starting material are adequate for clinical applications. Our results indicate a low risk potential for AT-MSCs as starting material for iPS production. Although let7g and mir145 are well known for their differentiation promoting effects, but function more of a fine tuning system between self-renewal and differentiation status.
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