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Calce SE, Kurki HK, Weston DA, Gould L. Effects of osteoarthritis on age-at-death estimates from the human pelvis. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2018; 167:3-19. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie E. Calce
- Department of Anthropology; University of Victoria; Victoria British Columbia, V8W 2Y2 Canada
| | - Helen K. Kurki
- Department of Anthropology; University of Victoria; Victoria British Columbia, V8W 2Y2 Canada
| | - Darlene A. Weston
- Department of Anthropology; University of British Columbia; British Columbia V6T 1Z1 Canada
| | - Lisa Gould
- Department of Anthropology; University of Victoria; Victoria British Columbia, V8W 2Y2 Canada
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Rissech C, Appleby J, Cosso A, Reina F, Carrera A, Thomas R. The influence of bone loss on the three adult age markers of the innominate. Int J Legal Med 2017; 132:289-300. [PMID: 28573556 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-017-1604-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the influence of bone loss on the three adult age markers of the innominate, 30 males and 30 females aged between 16 and 80 years coming from the British Coventry collection were analyzed. The pubic symphysis, auricular surface, and acetabulum age variables were evaluated following the descriptions of Schmitt, Buckberry-Chamberlain, and Rissech, respectively. The second metacarpal cortical index was used to evaluate bone loss. Possible sexual differences in metrical variables were explored by a Student t-test taking into account the entire sample. The possible relationships between the cortical index and the three age methods' stages were assessed by the Kruskall-Wallis test and Spearman's correlation coefficient. There were no sexual differences in the cortical index. In general, we observed no significant differences between the cortical index in the different stages of the pubic symphysis, auricular surface, or acetabulum variables in men and women. Most correlation coefficients are negatives, and their absolute values are between 0.001 and 0.44, indicating an extremely low influence of bone loss on the analyzed variables. Our findings suggest little influence of bone loss in the three ageing methods. However, further research on this topic is necessary. This is the first study to analyze the influence of bone loss in the ageing changes undergone by the variables of the three adult age indicators of the innominate taking into account both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carme Rissech
- School of Archaeology and Ancient History, University of Leicester, University Road, Leiciester, LE1 7RH, UK. .,Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Girona, Carrer Emili Grahit, 77, 17071, Girona, Spain.
| | - Jo Appleby
- School of Archaeology and Ancient History, University of Leicester, University Road, Leiciester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Alessandra Cosso
- Dipartimento di Storia, Scienze dell'Uomo e della Formazione, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Viale Umberto, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Francisco Reina
- Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Girona, Carrer Emili Grahit, 77, 17071, Girona, Spain
| | - Anna Carrera
- Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Girona, Carrer Emili Grahit, 77, 17071, Girona, Spain
| | - Richard Thomas
- School of Archaeology and Ancient History, University of Leicester, University Road, Leiciester, LE1 7RH, UK
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San-Millán M, Rissech C, Turbón D. Shape variability of the adult human acetabulum and acetabular fossa related to sex and age by geometric morphometrics. Implications for adult age estimation. Forensic Sci Int 2017; 272:50-63. [PMID: 28113134 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to explore shape variability of the acetabulum during the human adult life span, in relation to sex and age. The human acetabular shape was analysed in 682 os coxae from three different documented skeletal collections from the Iberian Peninsula. Two landmarks and thirty-two sliding semi-landmarks were used for the geometric morphometric procedures and a clock-wise standard was used for orientation. The 180° meridian (6:00) line was positioned over the midpoint of the acetabular notch and 36 reference points in 10° increments along the rim were marked. Data showed that size, sex and age significantly influence acetabular shape variation. Sex differences were significant in individuals younger than 65 years old and were characterised by males exhibiting relatively extended acetabular rim profiles from 10:00 to 1:00, narrower acetabular notches, and reduced acetabular fossae. In addition, three main age-related changes occurred to the acetabular shape in both sexes: outer acetabular profile modification, with extension from 10:00 to 1:00 and reduction from 7:00 to 9:00, acetabular notch narrowing, and acetabular fossa reduction. The age-related changes that were observed are shared by both sexes and seem to be related to bone production associated with age. Specifically, age appears to affect the entire border of the lunate surface: the acetabular rim, both acetabular horns, and the outer edge of the acetabular fossa. Furthermore, shape data confirmed the clover-leaf shape of the acetabular fossa in both males and females. These results improve our understanding of acetabular shape, and assist in refining age-estimation methods and enhancing hip surgery and rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta San-Millán
- Secció de Zoologia i Antropologia, Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carme Rissech
- Secció de Zoologia i Antropologia, Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Daniel Turbón
- Secció de Zoologia i Antropologia, Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Calce SE, Kurki HK, Weston DA, Gould L. Principal component analysis in the evaluation of osteoarthritis. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2016; 162:476-490. [PMID: 27896800 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study is to demonstrate advantages of principal component analysis (PCA) as a standardized procedure in the evaluation of osteoarthritis (OA) in a skeletal series to: (1) compute aggregate scores for joint complexes that accurately capture pathological expression, (2) reveal which variables describe the most sample variation in OA, (3) enable inter- and intra-sample comparison of results, and (4) formulate predictive models from component-based arthritic scores. MATERIALS AND METHODS The sample (144 males, 145 females) is drawn from a large skeletal cemetery collection of modern Europeans of known sex, age, and occupation. OA data was collected using standard ranked categorical scoring. PCA was conducted separately on lumbar spine, pelvis, and knee regions to generate composite OA scores from eigenequations of the first and second principal components (PC). RESULTS Results demonstrate that as severity in OA increases, so does the distribution of OA within the joint surface. In each region, PCA produced the same general pattern with eburnation scoring driving significant changes in composite OA scores, representing earlier to later stages of cartilage degeneration. The distribution of arthritic traits determined by PCA produced an OA score that quantifies the expression of joint changes in varied biological joint structures from most moveable to least mobile, the final stage being joint fusion. OA scores are most highly variable in the lumbar region for both males and females, as compared to the pelvis and knee. CONCLUSIONS PCA is a simple, non-parametric method of extracting relevant information from complex OA datasets and summarizes variation based on correlated multi-attributes to reveal a simplified structure of OA expression. Multivariate techniques like PCA should be used to describe discrete OA samples, and are useful to compute population-specific representative measurements for idiopathic joint OA in a skeletal sample.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Helen K Kurki
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Darlene A Weston
- University of British Columbia, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Lisa Gould
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 2Y2, Canada
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New approach to age estimation of male and female adult skeletons based on the morphological characteristics of the acetabulum. Int J Legal Med 2016; 131:501-525. [PMID: 27363827 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-016-1406-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Age estimation is essential to the human identification process, both in forensic and archeological contexts. Based on the previous male-specific method of Rissech et al. (J Forensic Sci, 2006, 51:213-229), a new approach to age estimation based on the acetabulum has been described and evaluated in 611 individuals from the Lisbon Collection (Lisbon, Portugal). This paper has two main goals: (1) to revise and better define the variables of Rissech's method related to the acetabular fossa, namely, variables 5, 6, and 7, and (2) to extend the applicability of this new approach to both sexes while analyzing age-related sex differences in the acetabular aging process. The results demonstrate the suitability of combining acetabulum traits and a Bayesian approach to estimating age in adults of both sexes. This study has confirmed the usefulness of the redefined variables of the acetabular fossa when age-related changes are considered. Furthermore, the newly defined variables have good to excellent values of repeatability. The study has also extended the method's applicability to females. The revised method has absolute error averages of 7.28 years for males and 7.09 years for females, based on a sex-specific reference sample. In addition, approximately 74 % of the individuals estimated had an absolute error less than 10 years. Interestingly, the acetabular aging process follows similar trends in both sexes, but the aging rate seems to be different between males and females, especially in middle-aged individuals. Despite the fact that the age estimates, on average, did not improve significantly with the use of a sex-specific reference sample, it is recommended that the sexes be analyzed separately due to the differences in aging rates and inaccuracy values.
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Mays S. Bone-formers and bone-losers in an archaeological population. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2015; 159:577-84. [PMID: 26667211 PMCID: PMC5064654 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Recent biomedical research suggests that, in modern human populations, individuals may vary in their inherent tendency toward bone formation at skeletal and extra‐skeletal locations. However, the nature of this phenomenon is incompletely understood, and the extent to which it might apply to past populations is unclear. It is hypothesized that if there is inter‐individual variation in some overall tendency toward bone formation in skeletal and extra‐skeletal sites then there should be a positive relationship between ligamentous ossification and thickness of cortical bone. This work is a test of this hypothesis in an archaeological population. Materials and Methods The study material comprises adult skeletons (N = 137 individuals) of documented age at death from 18th to 19th century London. It examines the relationship between bone deposition in the anterior longitudinal ligament (ALL) in the thoracic spine and cortical index (CI) at the metacarpal measured by radiogrammetry. Results Controlling for the potential confounders age, sex, skeletal completeness, occupation (males) and parity (females), there was a positive association between ossification into the ALL and CI. This reflects lesser medullary cavity width in those showing ALL ossification. Discussion Ligamentous ossification in the axial skeleton and peripheral cortical bone status are linked, individuals with ALL ossification showing lesser resorption of cortical bone at the endosteal surface. This is consistent with the idea of inter‐individual variation in some general bone‐forming/bone‐losing tendency in this 200 year old study population, but there was no evidence of a link between ALL ossification and increased skeletal subperiosteal bone deposition. Am J Phys Anthropol 159:577–584, 2016. © 2015 The Authors American Journal of Physical Anthropology Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Mays
- Research Department, Historic England, Portsmouth, PO4 9LD, UK
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Abstract
CONTEXT Estimation of adult age from skeletal remains is problematic due to the weak and variable relationship between age indicators and age. OBJECTIVES To assess the proportion of variation in age indicators that is associated with factors other than age and to attempt to identify what those factors might be. METHODS The paper focuses on frequently used adult bony age markers. A literature search (principally using Web of Science) is conducted to assess the proportion of variation in age indicators associated with factors other than age. The biology of these age markers is discussed, as are factors other than age that might affect their expression. RESULTS Typically, ∼60% of variation in bony age indicators is associated with factors other than age. Factors including inherent metabolic propensity to form bone in soft tissue, vitamin D status, hormonal and reproductive factors, energy balance, biomechanical variables and genetic factors may be responsible for this variation, but empirical studies are few. CONCLUSION Most variation in adult skeletal age markers is due to factors other than age; dry bone study of historic documented skeletal collections and high resolution CT scanning in modern cadavers or living individuals is needed to identify these factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Mays
- a Historic England, Fort Cumberland , Eastney , Portsmouth , UK
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Charlier P, Huynh-Charlier I, Poupon J, Lancelot E, Campos PF, Favier D, Jeannel GF, Bonati MR, de la Grandmaison GL, Hervé C. A glimpse into the early origins of medieval anatomy through the oldest conserved human dissection (Western Europe, 13(th) c. A.D.). Arch Med Sci 2014; 10:366-73. [PMID: 24904674 PMCID: PMC4042035 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2013.33331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Revised: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Medieval autopsy practice is very poorly known in Western Europe, due to a lack of both descriptive medico-surgical texts and conserved dissected human remains. This period is currently considered the dark ages according to a common belief of systematic opposition of Christian religious authorities to the opening of human cadavers. MATERIAL AND METHODS The identification in a private collection of an autopsied human individual dated from the 13(th) century A.D. is an opportunity for better knowledge of such practice in this chrono-cultural context, i.e. the early origins of occidental dissections. A complete forensic anthropological procedure was carried out, completed by radiological and elemental analyses. RESULTS The complete procedure of this body opening and internal organs exploration is explained, and compared with historical data about forensic and anatomical autopsies from this period. During the analysis, a red substance filling all arterial cavities, made of mercury sulfide (cinnabar) mixed with vegetal oil (oleic and palmitic acids) was identified; it was presumably used to highlight vascularization by coloring in red such vessels, and help in the preservation of the body. CONCLUSIONS Of particular interest for the description of early medical and anatomical knowledge, this "human preparation" is the oldest known yet, and is particularly important for the fields of history of medicine, surgery and anatomical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Charlier
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Pathology, University Hospital R. Poincaré, Paris, France
| | | | - Joël Poupon
- Department of Biological Toxicology, University Hospital Lariboisière (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | | | | | - Dominique Favier
- International Flavors and Fragrancies, Neuilly sur Seine, France
| | | | | | | | - Christian Hervé
- Laboratory of Medical Ethics and Forensic Medicine, University of Paris 5, Paris, France
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Weiss E. Hand osteoarthritis and bone loss: is there an inverse relationship? HOMO-JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE HUMAN BIOLOGY 2013; 64:357-65. [PMID: 23830155 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchb.2013.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
An inverse relationship between osteoarthritis (OA) and bone loss has been supported in clinical research, but there has been little research on bioarchaeological skeletal remains. The current study examines 115 adults from a prehistoric hunter-gatherer population to aid in determining whether hand OA and bone loss are negatively correlated. OA lipping is scored on a four-point scale on left and right trapezia, MC1s, and MC2s and then analyzed with regard to their relationships with sex, age, right MC2 cortical index, and left and right MC1 robusticity, midshaft circumference, and midshaft diameter values. With sexes and ages combined, higher OA scores are found in individuals with greater midshaft diameters. However, lower cortical indices were found in individuals with higher right MC2 OA scores. The data presented tenuously support that bone loss is lower in individuals with more severe osteoarthritis, but age-related changes in bone deposition may make cortical index and other external shaft dimensions an unsuitable variable to examine this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Weiss
- Anthropology Department, San Jose State University, One Washington Square, San Jose, CA 95192-0113, United States.
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Rissech C. Letter to the Editor: Comments on “A new method to estimate adult age-at-death using the acetabulum” (Calce, 2012). AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2013; 151:331-2. [PMID: 23588818 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Croker S, Clement J, Donlon D. A comparison of cortical bone thickness in the femoral midshaft of humans and two non-human mammals. HOMO-JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE HUMAN BIOLOGY 2009; 60:551-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchb.2009.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2008] [Accepted: 07/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Descriptions of the lower limb skeleton of Homo floresiensis. J Hum Evol 2009; 57:538-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2008.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2008] [Revised: 07/21/2008] [Accepted: 08/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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