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Bijani S, Kashfi FS, Zahedi-Vanjani S, Nedaei K, Sharafi A, Kalantari-Hesari A, Hosseini MJ. The role of gender differences in the outcome of juvenile social isolation: Emphasis on changes in behavioral, biochemical and expression of nitric oxide synthase genes alteration. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28964. [PMID: 38617928 PMCID: PMC11015403 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Social isolation can cause serious problem in performance of individuals in community. As gender differences may cause variation results in the severity of depressive behavior and response of patients to therapy, the impact of gender and the interaction of the level of endocrine secretion in depression were investigated in this study. Wistar rats of both sexes were subjected to post-weaning social isolation (PWSI) conditions and, together with the control group, experienced several behavioral tests including open-field Test (OFT), elevated plus maze (EPM), force swimming test (FST), splash test and novel object recognition test (NOR). Hippocampal tissue was isolated to measure biochemical factors such as nitric oxide level, FRAP amount, MDA level. In addition, real-time-PCR test was used to quantify the genes expression level of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS). On the other hand, sexual hormone levels in blood were measured. Both cognitive and behavioral f unctions were declined as the result of PWSI induction in male and diestrus female rats. The consequent surge of estradiol during estrous phase seems to suppress the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and modulate iNOS and nNOS expression. In conclusion, while the pattern of PWSI in surge cellular antioxidants, raising cellular ROS level is gender-specific, this alleviation was in relation with the drop of estradiol and unrelated with testosterone level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soroush Bijani
- Zanjan Applied Pharmacology Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sadat Kashfi
- Zanjan Applied Pharmacology Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Sadaf Zahedi-Vanjani
- Zanjan Applied Pharmacology Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Keivan Nedaei
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Ali Sharafi
- Zanjan Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | | | - Mir-Jamal Hosseini
- Zanjan Applied Pharmacology Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical sciences, Zanjan, Iran
- Department of Pathobiology, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
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Saeedi Saravi SS, Arefidoust A, Saeedi Saravi SS, Yaftian R, Bayati M, Salehi M, Dehpour AR. Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/nitric oxide system possibly modulate antidepressant-like effect of 17α-ethinyl estradiol in ovariectomized mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 89:591-604. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.02.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Ponti G, Rodriguez-Gomez A, Farinetti A, Marraudino M, Filice F, Foglio B, Sciacca G, Panzica GC, Gotti S. Early postnatal genistein administration permanently affects nitrergic and vasopressinergic systems in a sex-specific way. Neuroscience 2017; 346:203-215. [PMID: 28131623 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Genistein (GEN) is a natural xenoestrogen (isoflavonoid) that may interfere with the development of estrogen-sensitive neural circuits. Due to the large and increasing use of soy-based formulas for babies (characterized by a high content of GEN), there are some concerns that this could result in an impairment of some estrogen-sensitive neural circuits and behaviors. In a previous study, we demonstrated that its oral administration to female mice during late pregnancy and early lactation induced a significant decrease of nitric oxide synthase-positive cells in the amygdala of their male offspring. In the present study, we have used a different experimental protocol mimicking, in mice, the direct precocious exposure to GEN. Mice pups of both sexes were fed either with oil, estradiol or GEN from birth to postnatal day 8. Nitric oxide synthase and vasopressin neural systems were analyzed in adult mice. Interestingly, we observed that GEN effect was time specific (when compared to our previous study), sex specific, and not always comparable to the effects of estradiol. This last observation suggests that GEN may act through different intracellular pathways. Present results indicate that the effect of natural xenoestrogens on the development of the brain may be highly variable: a plethora of neuronal circuits may be affected depending on sex, time of exposure, intracellular pathway involved, and target cells. This raises concern on the possible long-term effects of the use of soy-based formulas for babies, which may be currently underestimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ponti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Largo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Regione Gonzole, 10 - 10043 Orbassano (TO), Torino, Italy.
| | - A Rodriguez-Gomez
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Regione Gonzole, 10 - 10043 Orbassano (TO), Torino, Italy; Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Department of Neuroscience, Via Cherasco 15, 10126-University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - A Farinetti
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Regione Gonzole, 10 - 10043 Orbassano (TO), Torino, Italy; Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Department of Neuroscience, Via Cherasco 15, 10126-University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - M Marraudino
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Regione Gonzole, 10 - 10043 Orbassano (TO), Torino, Italy; Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Department of Neuroscience, Via Cherasco 15, 10126-University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - F Filice
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Department of Neuroscience, Via Cherasco 15, 10126-University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - B Foglio
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Regione Gonzole, 10 - 10043 Orbassano (TO), Torino, Italy; Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Department of Neuroscience, Via Cherasco 15, 10126-University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - G Sciacca
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Regione Gonzole, 10 - 10043 Orbassano (TO), Torino, Italy; Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Department of Neuroscience, Via Cherasco 15, 10126-University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - G C Panzica
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Regione Gonzole, 10 - 10043 Orbassano (TO), Torino, Italy; Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Department of Neuroscience, Via Cherasco 15, 10126-University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - S Gotti
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Regione Gonzole, 10 - 10043 Orbassano (TO), Torino, Italy; Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Department of Neuroscience, Via Cherasco 15, 10126-University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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Saeedi Saravi SS, Arefidoust A, Yaftian R, Saeedi Saravi SS, Dehpour AR. 17α-ethinyl estradiol attenuates depressive-like behavior through GABAA receptor activation/nitrergic pathway blockade in ovariectomized mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2016; 233:1467-85. [PMID: 26883875 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-016-4242-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study was performed to investigate the antidepressant-like effect of 17α-ethinyl estradiol (EE2) in ovariectomized (OVX) mice and the possible role of nitrergic and gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic pathways in this paradigm. METHODS Bilateral ovariectomy was performed in female mice, and different doses of EE2 were intraperitoneally injected either alone or combined with GABAA agonist, diazepam, GABAA antagonist, flumazenil, non-specific nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, N(ω)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), specific nNOS inhibitor, 7-nitroindazole (7-NI), a nitric oxide (NO) precursor, L-arginine, and selective PDE5I, sildenafil. After locomotion assessment, immobility times were recorded in the forced swimming test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST). Moreover, hippocampal nitrite concentrations were measured in the examined groups. RESULTS Ten days after ovariectomy, a significant prolonged immobility times were observed. EE2 (0.3 and 1μg/kg and 0.03, 0.1, and 1mg/kg) caused antidepressant-like activity in OVX mice in FST and TST. Diazepam (1 and 5mg/kg), L-NAME (30mg/kg), and 7-NI (100mg/kg) significantly reduced the immobility times. Co-administration of minimal and sub-effective doses of EE2 and diazepam (0.3μg/kg and 0.5mg/kg, respectively) exerted a significant antidepressant-like effect. The same effect was observed in combination of minimal and sub-effective doses of EE2 and either L-NAME or 7-NI. Moreover, combination of minimal and sub-effective doses of EE2, diazepam either L-NAME, or 7-NI emphasized the significant robust antidepressant-like activity. CONCLUSIONS The study has demonstrated that lowest dose of EE2 exerts a significant antidepressant-like behavior. It is suggested that suppression of NO system, as well as GABAA activation, may be responsible for antidepressant-like activity of EE2 in OVX mice. Moreover, GABAA activation may inhibit nitrergic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Soheil Saeedi Saravi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 13145-784, Tehran, Iran.,Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Toxicology-Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Alireza Arefidoust
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 13145-784, Tehran, Iran.,Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rahele Yaftian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 13145-784, Tehran, Iran.,Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Sobhan Saeedi Saravi
- Department of Toxicology-Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Dehpour
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 13145-784, Tehran, Iran. .,Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Rodriguez-Gomez A, Filice F, Gotti S, Panzica G. Perinatal exposure to genistein affects the normal development of anxiety and aggressive behaviors and nitric oxide system in CD1 male mice. Physiol Behav 2014; 133:107-14. [PMID: 24874775 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Revised: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Genistein is a phytoestrogen, particularly abundant in soybeans, that is able to bind estrogen receptors exerting both estrogenic and antiestrogenic activities. Genistein is largely present in the human diet even during pregnancy. Embryos and fetuses are therefore, commonly exposed to genistein during the development and after birth. In the present study, we used a murine model as a test end-point to investigate the effects of early exposure to genistein on adult male behavior and related neural circuits. Daily exposure of dams to genistein (100 μg/g of body weight) during late pregnancy and early lactation, produced in male offspring, when adults, significant changes in anxiety and aggressive behaviors. Moreover, we found statistically significant variations in the number of neuronal nitric-oxide synthase positive cells in the amygdala. In conclusions, these data indicate that early exposure to phytoestrogens may induce life-long effects on the differentiation of brain structures and behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Rodriguez-Gomez
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Torino, Corso M. D'Azeglio 52, 10126 Torino, Italy; Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri-Ottolenghi (NICO), Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano, Torino, Italy
| | - Federica Filice
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Torino, Corso M. D'Azeglio 52, 10126 Torino, Italy; Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri-Ottolenghi (NICO), Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano, Torino, Italy
| | - Stefano Gotti
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Torino, Corso M. D'Azeglio 52, 10126 Torino, Italy; Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri-Ottolenghi (NICO), Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano, Torino, Italy
| | - GianCarlo Panzica
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Torino, Corso M. D'Azeglio 52, 10126 Torino, Italy; Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri-Ottolenghi (NICO), Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano, Torino, Italy.
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Grassi D, Lagunas N, Amorin M, Pinos H, Panzica G, Garcia-Segura L, Collado P. Estrogenic regulation of NADPH-diaphorase in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei under acute osmotic stress. Neuroscience 2013; 248:127-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Revised: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Heydarpour P, Salehi-Sadaghiani M, Javadi-Paydar M, Rahimian R, Fakhfouri G, Khosravi M, Khoshkish S, Gharedaghi MH, Ghasemi M, Dehpour AR. Estradiol reduces depressive-like behavior through inhibiting nitric oxide/cyclic GMP pathway in ovariectomized mice. Horm Behav 2013; 63:361-9. [PMID: 23262264 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2012.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Revised: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 12/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Estradiol decline has been associated with depressive-like behavior in female mice and NO has been suggested to play a major role in the pathogenesis of major depression. This study was conducted to investigate the antidepressant-like effects of acute estradiol administration in female ovariectomized (OVX) mice and the possible role of nitric oxide (NO)/cyclic GMP (cGMP) pathway. To this end, bilateral ovariectomy was performed in female mice and different doses of estradiol were injected alone or in combination with non-specific NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor (L-NAME), selective neural NOS (nNOS) inhibitor (7-NI), an NO precursor (L-arginine) or selective phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor (sildenafil). The duration of immobility was recorded in the forced swimming test (FST) to assess the depressive behavior. Moreover, hippocampal levels of NO were determined in select groups. 10 days following the procedure, OVX mice showed significantly prolonged immobility time in comparison with the sham group. Estradiol (3, 10, and 30 μg/kg, s.c.), when injected 1 h prior to FST, exerted antidepressant-like effects in OVX mice. Both L-NAME (30 mg/kg, i.p.), and 7-NI (50 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly reduced the immobility times of OVX mice. Administration of a sub-effective dose of L-NAME (10mg/kg), 15 min after a sub-effective dose of estradiol (1 μg/kg, s.c.) had a robust antidepressant-like effect in OVX mice. Also a sub-effective dose of 7-NI (25 mg/kg), 30 min after a sub-effective dose of estradiol (1 μg/kg, s.c.) showed antidepressant-like effect in OVX mice. Both the NO precursor L-arginine (750 mg/kg, i.p.) and the cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor sildenafil (5 mg/kg, i.p.), 30 min before estradiol treatment, prevented the antidepressant-like effect of a potent dose of estradiol (10 μg/kg, s.c.) in OVX mice. The present findings suggest that suppression of the NO synthase/NO/cGMP pathway may be involved in the antidepressant-like effects of estradiol in OVX mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pouria Heydarpour
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 13145-784, Tehran, Iran
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Synergic effects of estradiol and progesterone on regulation of the hypothalamic neuronal nitric oxide synthase expression in ovariectomized mice. Brain Res 2011; 1404:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2011.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2011] [Revised: 06/03/2011] [Accepted: 06/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Panzica GC, Bo E, Martini MA, Miceli D, Mura E, Viglietti-Panzica C, Gotti S. Neuropeptides and enzymes are targets for the action of endocrine disrupting chemicals in the vertebrate brain. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2011; 14:449-72. [PMID: 21790321 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2011.578562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDC) are molecules that interfere with endocrine signaling pathways and produce adverse consequences on animal and human physiology, such as infertility or behavioral alterations. Some EDC act through binding to androgen or/and estrogen receptors primarily operating through a genomic mechanism regulating gene expression. This mechanism of action may induce profound developmental adverse effects, and the major targets of the EDC action are the gene products, i.e., mRNAs inducing the synthesis of various peptidic molecules, which include neuropeptides and enzymes related to neurotransmitters syntheses. Available immunohistochemical data on some of the systems that are affected by EDC in lower and higher vertebrates are detailed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- G C Panzica
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Department of Anatomy, Pharmacology, and Forensic Medicine, Neuroscience Institute of Turin (NIT), University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
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Sex differences in NADPH-diaphorase activity in the rat posterodorsal medial amygdala. Brain Res 2009; 1305:31-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2009.09.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2009] [Revised: 09/28/2009] [Accepted: 09/28/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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