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Li X, Wang Z, Chen N. Perspective and Therapeutic Potential of the Noncoding RNA-Connexin Axis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6146. [PMID: 38892334 PMCID: PMC11173347 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are a class of nucleotide sequences that cannot be translated into peptides. ncRNAs can function post-transcriptionally by splicing complementary sequences of mRNAs or other ncRNAs or by directly engaging in protein interactions. Over the past few decades, the pervasiveness of ncRNAs in cell physiology and their pivotal roles in various diseases have been identified. One target regulated by ncRNAs is connexin (Cx), a protein that forms gap junctions and hemichannels and facilitates intercellular molecule exchange. The aberrant expression and misdistribution of connexins have been implicated in central nervous system diseases, cardiovascular diseases, bone diseases, and cancer. Current databases and technologies have enabled researchers to identify the direct or indirect relationships between ncRNAs and connexins, thereby elucidating their correlation with diseases. In this review, we selected the literature published in the past five years concerning disorders regulated by ncRNAs via corresponding connexins. Among it, microRNAs that regulate the expression of Cx43 play a crucial role in disease development and are predominantly reviewed. The distinctive perspective of the ncRNA-Cx axis interprets pathology in an epigenetic manner and is expected to motivate research for the development of biomarkers and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhenzhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China;
| | - Naihong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China;
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Chen M, Wang H, Chen P, Zhu G, Li S, Li Z, Liu X, Ye G, Chen W. Neonatal microglia transplantation at early stage but not late stage after traumatic brain injury shows protective effects in mice. J Neurophysiol 2024; 131:598-606. [PMID: 38380844 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00006.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The transplantation of neonatal microglia suppresses neuroinflammation caused by traumatic brain injury (TBI). This research aimed to explore the optimal time point of neonatal microglia transplantation for the best effect on the improvement of long-term cognitive function and inflammatory response in mouse models. qPCR and immunoblotting showed that the level of Iba1 gradually increased to the highest on day 7 and then gradually declined in TBI mice. Furthermore, it was observed that the level of CD86 and TNF-α increased to the highest after 7 days and subsequently was maintained until day 21, whereas the level of CD206 and IL-10 increased to the highest after 24 h and subsequently decreased until day 21 by qPCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Afterward, it was shown that the neonatal microglia transplantation within 1 h significantly attenuated anxiety-like behavior and improved cognitive impairments in TBI mice. Mechanism exploration showed that the neonatal microglia could significantly decrease the level of cleaved caspase-3, M1/M2 polarization, and inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α) while increasing the level of anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 in TBI mice after transplantation within 1 h. Here, our findings demonstrated that neonatal microglia transplantation within 1 h significantly attenuated anxiety-like behavior and cognitive impairments caused by TBI.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The study demonstrated that neonatal microglia transplantation within 1 h significantly inhibited the pathogenesis of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in mouse models through inhibition of M1 polarization and promotion of M2 polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maosong Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongcai Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Pandi Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guangyao Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shiwei Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zengpan Li
- Department of Emergency and Trauma Center, the Affiliated Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuelan Liu
- Department of Emergency and Trauma Center, the Affiliated Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Gengfan Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, China
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Mohamadzadeh O, Hajinouri M, Moammer F, Tamehri Zadeh SS, Omid Shafiei G, Jafari A, Ostadian A, Talaei Zavareh SA, Hamblin MR, Yazdi AJ, Sheida A, Mirzaei H. Non-coding RNAs and Exosomal Non-coding RNAs in Traumatic Brain Injury: the Small Player with Big Actions. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:4064-4083. [PMID: 37020123 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03321-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, there is an increasing concern regarding traumatic brain injury (TBI) worldwide since substantial morbidity is observed after it, and the long-term consequences that are not yet fully recognized. A number of cellular pathways related to the secondary injury in brain have been identified, including free radical production (owing to mitochondrial dysfunction), excitotoxicity (regulated by excitatory neurotransmitters), apoptosis, and neuroinflammatory responses (as a result of activation of the immune system and central nervous system). In this context, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) maintain a fundamental contribution to post-transcriptional regulation. It has been shown that mammalian brains express high levels of ncRNAs that are involved in several brain physiological processes. Furthermore, altered levels of ncRNA expression have been found in those with traumatic as well non-traumatic brain injuries. The current review highlights the primary molecular mechanisms participated in TBI that describes the latest and novel results about changes and role of ncRNAs in TBI in both clinical and experimental research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Mohamadzadeh
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsasadat Hajinouri
- Department of Psychiatry, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Moammer
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | | | | | - Ameneh Jafari
- Advanced Therapy Medicinal Product (ATMP) Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Proteomics Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirreza Ostadian
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | | | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa
| | | | - Amirhossein Sheida
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran.
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Zheng P, Bai Q, Feng J, Zhao B, Duan J, Zhao L, Liu N, Ren D, Zou S, Chen W. Neonatal microglia and proteinase inhibitors-treated adult microglia improve traumatic brain injury in rats by resolving the neuroinflammation. Bioeng Transl Med 2022; 7:e10249. [PMID: 35079627 PMCID: PMC8780040 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia participate in the regulation of neuroinflammation caused by traumatic brain injury (TBI). This research aimed to explore the repair effects of intracranial injection of neonatal microglia or protease-treated adult microglia on TBI in rat model. Lateral fluid percussion injury was used to establish rat brain injury model. E64 and serpinA3N were employed for the treatment of adult microglia. Cleaved caspase-3 level was analyzed through immunoblotting assay. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was employed to analyze cytokine and chemokine levels. Astrocytosis and microgliosis were shown by immunofluorescence. The cognitive function of rats was analyzed by water maze. The injection of neonatal microglia inhibited cell apoptosis, reduced astrocytosis and microgliosis, decreased the level of chemokines and cytokines in cortex and ipsilateral hippocampus, and improved cognitive function of TBI rat model. The transplantation of peptidase inhibitors-treated adult microglia also inhibited cell apoptosis, reduced astrocytosis and microgliosis, and improved cognitive function of rats with TBI. The transplantation of either neonatal microglia or peptidase inhibitors-treated adult microglia significantly inhibited the pathogenesis of TBI in rat model, while untreated adult microglia showed no significant effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zheng
- Department of NeurosurgeryShanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Qingke Bai
- Department of NeurologyThe People's Hospital of Shanghai Pudong New AreaShanghaiChina
| | - Jiugeng Feng
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Bing Zhao
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe People's Hospital of Shanghai Pudong New AreaShanghaiChina
| | - Jian Duan
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Lin Zhao
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Dabin Ren
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe People's Hospital of Shanghai Pudong New AreaShanghaiChina
| | - Shufeng Zou
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of NeurosurgeryShanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji UniversityShanghaiChina
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchangChina
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe People's Hospital of Shanghai Pudong New AreaShanghaiChina
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Mira RG, Lira M, Cerpa W. Traumatic Brain Injury: Mechanisms of Glial Response. Front Physiol 2021; 12:740939. [PMID: 34744783 PMCID: PMC8569708 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.740939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a heterogeneous disorder that involves brain damage due to external forces. TBI is the main factor of death and morbidity in young males with a high incidence worldwide. TBI causes central nervous system (CNS) damage under a variety of mechanisms, including synaptic dysfunction, protein aggregation, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation. Glial cells comprise most cells in CNS, which are mediators in the brain’s response to TBI. In the CNS are present astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes, and polydendrocytes (NG2 cells). Astrocytes play critical roles in brain’s ion and water homeostasis, energy metabolism, blood-brain barrier, and immune response. In response to TBI, astrocytes change their morphology and protein expression. Microglia are the primary immune cells in the CNS with phagocytic activity. After TBI, microglia also change their morphology and release both pro and anti-inflammatory mediators. Oligodendrocytes are the myelin producers of the CNS, promoting axonal support. TBI causes oligodendrocyte apoptosis, demyelination, and axonal transport disruption. There are also various interactions between these glial cells and neurons in response to TBI that contribute to the pathophysiology of TBI. In this review, we summarize several glial hallmarks relevant for understanding the brain injury and neuronal damage under TBI conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo G Mira
- Laboratorio de Función y Patología Neuronal, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Matías Lira
- Laboratorio de Función y Patología Neuronal, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Waldo Cerpa
- Laboratorio de Función y Patología Neuronal, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
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Wu YH, Rosset S, Lee TR, Dragunow M, Park T, Shim V. In Vitro Models of Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review. J Neurotrauma 2021; 38:2336-2372. [PMID: 33563092 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2020.7402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major public health challenge that is also the third leading cause of death worldwide. It is also the leading cause of long-term disability in children and young adults worldwide. Despite a large body of research using predominantly in vivo and in vitro rodent models of brain injury, there is no medication that can reduce brain damage or promote brain repair mainly due to our lack of understanding in the mechanisms and pathophysiology of the TBI. The aim of this review is to examine in vitro TBI studies conducted from 2008-2018 to better understand the TBI in vitro model available in the literature. Specifically, our focus was to perform a detailed analysis of the in vitro experimental protocols used and their subsequent biological findings. Our review showed that the uniaxial stretch is the most frequently used way of load application, accounting for more than two-thirds of the studies reviewed. The rate and magnitude of the loading were varied significantly from study to study but can generally be categorized into mild, moderate, and severe injuries. The in vitro studies reviewed here examined key processes in TBI pathophysiology such as membrane disruptions leading to ionic dysregulation, inflammation, and the subsequent damages to the microtubules and axons, as well as cell death. Overall, the studies examined in this review contributed to the betterment of our understanding of TBI as a disease process. Yet, our review also revealed the areas where more work needs to be done such as: 1) diversification of load application methods that will include complex loading that mimics in vivo head impacts; 2) more widespread use of human brain cells, especially patient-matched human cells in the experimental set-up; and 3) need for building a more high-throughput system to be able to discover effective therapeutic targets for TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Han Wu
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Center for Brain Research, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Samuel Rosset
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Tae-Rin Lee
- Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mike Dragunow
- Center for Brain Research, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Thomas Park
- Center for Brain Research, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Vickie Shim
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Guo M, Gan L, Si J, Zhang J, Liu Z, Zhao J, Gou Z, Zhang H. Role of miR-302/367 cluster in human physiology and pathophysiology. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2020; 52:791-800. [PMID: 32785592 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmaa065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate target mRNAs at the post-transcriptional level. Increasing evidence shows the involvement of miRNAs in diverse biological processes. miR-302/367 cluster is highly conserved among vertebrates and made up of five members, including miR-367, miR-302a, miR-302b, miR-302c and miR-302d. miR-302/367 cluster plays an important role in cell proliferation, differentiation and reprogramming, affecting the development of tumor, cardiovascular system, nervous system and immune system. In this review, we will summarize the role of miR-302/367 cluster in embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells and try to point out its relationship with tumors, cardiovascular system, nervous system and immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menghuan Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Lu Gan
- Bio-Medical Research Center, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jing Si
- Bio-Medical Research Center, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jinhua Zhang
- Bio-Medical Research Center, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhiyuan Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Jin Zhao
- Medical College, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Zhong Gou
- Medical College, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Bio-Medical Research Center, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Li Z, Xu R, Zhu X, Li Y, Wang Y, Xu W. MicroRNA-23a-3p improves traumatic brain injury through modulating the neurological apoptosis and inflammation response in mice. Cell Cycle 2019; 19:24-38. [PMID: 31818176 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2019.1691763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Secondary brain damage plays an important role in Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and inhibition of this damage has benefit for TBI treatment. However, the pathogenesis of secondary brain damage remains largely unknown. Here, we tried to explore the influence of microRNAs (miRNAs) on neuron apoptosis and inflammatory response after TBI. Firstly, the miRNA expression profiles were analyzed in the cerebral cortex tissues from the TBI mice model (controlled cortical impact) using miRNA microarray. miR-23a-3p (miR-23a) attracted our attention as its suppressive effects on apoptosis and inflammation. The further results showed that miR-23a upregulation improved long-term neurological function, the neuron apoptosis, and inhibited neuroinflammation, whereas knockdown of miR-23a had an opposite result. Using etoposide-induced primary cortical neurons injury model, we found that miR-23a was decreased in this cell model and miR-23a overexpression-suppressed etoposide induced the activity of caspase 3 and the releases of inflammatory mediators in primary cortical neurons. Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), a well‑known regulator of the AKT/mTOR pathway, was found to be a direct target of miR‑23a in the primary cortical neurons. Most importantly, it was found that miR-23a overexpression reactivated the AKT/mTOR pathway in TBI mice model, as demonstrated by the upregulation of phosphorylated (p‑)AKT and p‑mTOR. Taken together, these data indicate that miR-23a may serve as a therapeutic target for the treatment of TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhikun Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, TongRen Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruijun Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, TongRen Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, TongRen Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifan Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, TongRen Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, TongRen Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, TongRen Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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