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Wang Y, Gong J, Heng N, Hu Y, Wang R, Wang H, He W, Zhu N, Hu Z, Hao H, Zhu H, Zhao S. Melatonin alleviates palmitic acid-induced mitochondrial dysfunction by reducing oxidative stress and enhancing autophagy in bovine endometrial epithelial cells. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2024; 15:108. [PMID: 39113148 PMCID: PMC11308371 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-024-01064-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Negative energy balance (NEB) typically occurs in dairy cows after delivery. Cows with a high yield are more likely to experience significant NEB. This type of metabolic imbalance could cause ketosis, which is often accompanied by a decline in reproductive performance. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying NEB have yet to be fully elucidated. During excessive NEB, the body fat is extensively broken down, resulting in the abnormal accumulation of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs), represented by palmitic acid (PA), within the uterus. Such an abnormal accumulation has the potential to damage bovine endometrial epithelial cells (BEECs), while the molecular mechanisms underlying its involvement in the PA-induced injury of BEECs remains poorly understood. Melatonin (MT) is recognized for its regulatory role in maintaining the homeostasis of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mitoROS). However, little is known as to whether MT could ameliorate the damage incurred by BEECs in response to PA and the molecular mechanism involved. RESULTS Analysis showed that 0.2 mmol/L PA stress increased the level of cellular and mitochondrial oxidative stress, as indicated by increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) level. In addition, we observed mitochondrial dysfunction, including abnormal mitochondrial structure and respiratory function, along with a reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial copy number, and the induction of apoptosis. Notably, we also observed the upregulation of autophagy proteins (PINK, Parkin, LC3B and Ubiquitin), however, the P62 protein was also increased. As we expected, 100 μmol/L of MT pre-treatment attenuated PA-induced mitochondrial ROS and restored mitochondrial respiratory function. Meanwhile, MT pretreatment reversed the upregulation of P62 induced by PA and activated the AMPK-mTOR-Beclin-1 pathway, contributing to an increase of autophagy and decline apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that PA can induce mitochondrial dysfunction and enhance autophagy in BEECs. In addition, MT is proved to not only reduce mitochondrial oxidative stress but also facilitate the clearance of damaged mitochondria by upregulating autophagy pathways, thereby safeguarding the mitochondrial pool and promoting cellular viability. Our study provides a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the effect of an excess of NEB on the fertility outcomes of high yielding dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Jianfei Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Nuo Heng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Yingfan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Rui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Huan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Wei He
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Ni Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Zhihui Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Haisheng Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Huabin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Shanjiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China.
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Hong JM, Munna AN, Moon JH, Seol JW, Park SY. Melatonin-mediated calcineurin inactivation attenuates amyloid beta-induced apoptosis. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2024; 16:336-344. [PMID: 38390232 PMCID: PMC10882114 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common age-related progressive neurodegenerative disorder. The accumulation of amyloid beta-peptide is a neuropathological marker of AD. While melatonin is recognized to have protective effects on aging and neurodegenerative disorders, the therapeutic effect of melatonin on calcineurin in AD is poorly understood. In this study, we examined the effect and underlying molecular mechanisms of melatonin treatment on amyloid beta-mediated neurotoxicity in neuroblastoma cells. Melatonin treatment decreased calcineurin and autophagy in neuroblastoma cells. Electron microscopy images showed that melatonin inhibited amyloid beta-induced autophagic vacuoles. The increase in the amyloid beta-induced apoptosis rate was observed more in PrPC-expressing ZW cells than in PrPC-silencing Zpl cells. Taken together, the results suggest that by mitigating the effect of calcineurin and autophagy flux activation, melatonin could also rescue amyloid beta-induced neurotoxic effects. These findings may be relevant to therapy for neurodegenerative diseases, including AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Min Hong
- Biosafety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Gobong ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Ali Newaz Munna
- Biosafety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Gobong ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hong Moon
- Biosafety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Gobong ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Won Seol
- Biosafety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Gobong ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Youel Park
- Biosafety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Gobong ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54596, Republic of Korea
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Melatonin-mediated FKBP4 downregulation protects against stress-induced neuronal mitochondria dysfunctions by blocking nuclear translocation of GR. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:146. [PMID: 36810730 PMCID: PMC9943853 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05676-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
The physiological crosstalk between glucocorticoid and melatonin maintains neuronal homeostasis in regulating circadian rhythms. However, the stress-inducing level of glucocorticoid triggers mitochondrial dysfunction including defective mitophagy by increasing the activity of glucocorticoid receptors (GRs), leading to neuronal cell death. Melatonin then suppresses glucocorticoid-induced stress-responsive neurodegeneration; however, the regulatory mechanism of melatonin, i.e., associated proteins involved in GR activity, has not been elucidated. Therefore, we investigated how melatonin regulates chaperone proteins related to GR trafficking into the nucleus to suppress glucocorticoid action. In this study, the effects of glucocorticoid on suppressing NIX-mediated mitophagy, followed by mitochondrial dysfunction, neuronal cell apoptosis, and cognitive deficits were reversed by melatonin treatment by inhibiting the nuclear translocation of GRs in both SH-SY5Y cells and mouse hippocampal tissue. Moreover, melatonin selectively suppressed the expression of FKBP prolyl isomerase 4 (FKBP4), which is a co-chaperone protein that works with dynein, to reduce the nuclear translocation of GRs among the chaperone proteins and nuclear trafficking proteins. In both cells and hippocampal tissue, melatonin upregulated melatonin receptor 1 (MT1) bound to Gαq, which triggered the phosphorylation of ERK1. The activated ERK then enhanced DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1)-mediated hypermethylation of FKBP52 promoter, reducing GR-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and cell apoptosis, the effects of which were reversed by knocking down DNMT1. Taken together, melatonin has a protective effect against glucocorticoid-induced defective mitophagy and neurodegeneration by enhancing DNMT1-mediated FKBP4 downregulation that reduced the nuclear translocation of GRs.
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Oflaz FE, Koshenov Z, Hirtl M, Rost R, Bachkoenig OA, Gottschalk B, Madreiter-Sokolowski CT, Malli R, Graier WF. Near-UV Light Induced ROS Production Initiates Spatial Ca 2+ Spiking to Fire NFATc3 Translocation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8189. [PMID: 34360954 PMCID: PMC8346968 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Ca2+-dependent gene regulation controls several functions to determine the fate of the cells. Proteins of the nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) family are Ca2+ sensitive transcription factors that control the cell growth, proliferation and insulin secretion in β-cells. Translocation of NFAT proteins to the nucleus occurs in a sequence of events that starts with activating calmodulin-dependent phosphatase calcineurin in a Ca2+-dependent manner, which dephosphorylates the NFAT proteins and leads to their translocation to the nucleus. Here, we examined the role of IP3-generating agonists and near-UV light in the induction of NFATc3 migration to the nucleus in the pancreatic β-cell line INS-1. Our results show that IP3 generation yields cytosolic Ca2+ rise and NFATc3 translocation. Moreover, near-UV light exposure generates reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in cytosolic Ca2+ spiking via the L-type Ca2+ channel and triggers NFATc3 translocation to the nucleus. Using the mitochondria as a Ca2+ buffering tool, we showed that ROS-induced cytosolic Ca2+ spiking, not the ROS themselves, was the triggering mechanism of nuclear import of NFATc3. Collectively, this study reveals the mechanism of near-UV light induced NFATc3 migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furkan E. Oflaz
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria; (F.E.O.); (Z.K.); (M.H.); (R.R.); (O.A.B.); (B.G.); (C.T.M.-S.); (R.M.)
| | - Zhanat Koshenov
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria; (F.E.O.); (Z.K.); (M.H.); (R.R.); (O.A.B.); (B.G.); (C.T.M.-S.); (R.M.)
| | - Martin Hirtl
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria; (F.E.O.); (Z.K.); (M.H.); (R.R.); (O.A.B.); (B.G.); (C.T.M.-S.); (R.M.)
| | - Rene Rost
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria; (F.E.O.); (Z.K.); (M.H.); (R.R.); (O.A.B.); (B.G.); (C.T.M.-S.); (R.M.)
| | - Olaf A. Bachkoenig
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria; (F.E.O.); (Z.K.); (M.H.); (R.R.); (O.A.B.); (B.G.); (C.T.M.-S.); (R.M.)
| | - Benjamin Gottschalk
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria; (F.E.O.); (Z.K.); (M.H.); (R.R.); (O.A.B.); (B.G.); (C.T.M.-S.); (R.M.)
| | - Corina T. Madreiter-Sokolowski
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria; (F.E.O.); (Z.K.); (M.H.); (R.R.); (O.A.B.); (B.G.); (C.T.M.-S.); (R.M.)
| | - Roland Malli
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria; (F.E.O.); (Z.K.); (M.H.); (R.R.); (O.A.B.); (B.G.); (C.T.M.-S.); (R.M.)
- BioTechMed Graz, Mozartgasse 12/II, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang F. Graier
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria; (F.E.O.); (Z.K.); (M.H.); (R.R.); (O.A.B.); (B.G.); (C.T.M.-S.); (R.M.)
- BioTechMed Graz, Mozartgasse 12/II, 8010 Graz, Austria
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