1
|
Asghar H, Siddiqui A, Batool L, Batool Z, Ahmed T. Post-exposure self-recovery reverses oxidative stress, ameliorates pathology and neurotransmitters imbalance and rescues spatial memory after time-dependent aluminum exposure in rat brain. Biometals 2024; 37:819-838. [PMID: 38233603 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-023-00570-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Aluminum is a potent neurotoxin, responsible for memory impairment and cognitive dysfunction. The neurotoxic effect of aluminum on cognitive impairment is well documented, however, exposure to aluminum in a time-dependent manner and post-exposure self-recovery still needs to be elaborated. This research aimed to (1) study the time-dependent effect of aluminum exposure by administering a total dose of 5850 mg/kg of Al over two different time periods: 30 and 45 days (130 and 195 mg/kg of AlCl3 respectively), and (2) study 20 days post-exposure self-recovery effect in both aluminum-exposed groups by giving distilled water. Cognitive abilities were investigated through Morris water maze test and hole board test and compared in both exposure and recovery groups. Oxidative stress markers and neurotransmitter levels were measured for both exposure and recovery groups. To understand the mechanism of aluminum exposure and recovery, immunohistochemical analysis of synaptophysin (Syp) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was performed. Results showed cognitive dysfunction, oxidative stress-induced damage, reduced neurotransmitter levels, decreased immunoreactivity of Syp, and increased GFAP. However, these parameters showed a larger improvement in the recovery group where rats were given aluminum for 30 days period in comparison to recovery group followed by 45 days of aluminum exposure. These results suggest that restoration of cognitive ability is affected by the duration of aluminum exposure. The study findings provide us with insight into the adverse effects of aluminum exposure and can be utilized to guide future preventive and therapeutic strategies against aluminum neurotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Humna Asghar
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Sector H-12, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Alveena Siddiqui
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Sector H-12, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Laraib Batool
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Zehra Batool
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Touqeer Ahmed
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Sector H-12, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Peng Y, Chen Q, Xue YH, Jin H, Liu S, Du MQ, Yao SY. Ginkgo biloba and Its Chemical Components in the Management of Alzheimer's Disease. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2024; 52:625-666. [PMID: 38654507 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x24500277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), a degenerative disease of the central nervous system, remains unclear. The main manifestations of AD include cognitive and behavioral disorders, neuropsychiatric symptoms, neuroinflammation, amyloid plaques, and neurofibrillary tangles. However, current drugs for AD once the dementia stage has been reached only treat symptoms and do not delay progression, and the research and development of targeted drugs for AD have reached a bottleneck. Thus, other treatment options are needed. Bioactive ingredients derived from plants are promising therapeutic agents. Specifically, Ginkgo biloba (Gb) extracts exert anti-oxidant, anticancer, neuroplastic, neurotransmitter-modulating, blood fluidity, and anti-inflammatory effects, offering alternative options in the treatment of cardiovascular, metabolic, and neurodegenerative diseases. The main chemical components of Gb include flavonoids, terpene lactones, proanthocyanidins, organic acids, polysaccharides, and amino acids. Gb and its extracts have shown remarkable therapeutic effects on various neurodegenerative diseases, including AD, with few adverse reactions. Thus, high-quality Gb extracts are a well-established treatment option for AD. In this review, we summarize the insights derived from traditional Chinese medicine, experimental models, and emerging clinical trials on the role of Gb and its chemical components in the treatment of the main clinical manifestations of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Peng
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated First Hospital of Hunan Traditional, Chinese Medical College, Zhuzhou, Hunan, P. R. China
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Provincial Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhuzhou, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Quan Chen
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated First Hospital of Hunan Traditional, Chinese Medical College, Zhuzhou, Hunan, P. R. China
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Provincial Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhuzhou, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Hui Xue
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated First Hospital of Hunan Traditional, Chinese Medical College, Zhuzhou, Hunan, P. R. China
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Provincial Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhuzhou, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Hong Jin
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated First Hospital of Hunan Traditional, Chinese Medical College, Zhuzhou, Hunan, P. R. China
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Provincial Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhuzhou, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Shu Liu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated First Hospital of Hunan Traditional, Chinese Medical College, Zhuzhou, Hunan, P. R. China
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Provincial Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhuzhou, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Miao-Qiao Du
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated First Hospital of Hunan Traditional, Chinese Medical College, Zhuzhou, Hunan, P. R. China
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Provincial Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhuzhou, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Shun-Yu Yao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated First Hospital of Hunan Traditional, Chinese Medical College, Zhuzhou, Hunan, P. R. China
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Provincial Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhuzhou, Hunan, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Assi AA, Farrag MMY, Badary DM, Allam EAH, Nicola MA. Protective effects of curcumin and Ginkgo biloba extract combination on a new model of Alzheimer's disease. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:1449-1464. [PMID: 36856916 PMCID: PMC10229698 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01164-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative illnesses, and yet, no workable treatments have been discovered to prevent or reverse AD. Curcumin (CUR), the major polyphenolic compound of turmeric (Curcuma longa) rhizomes, and Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) are natural substances derived from conventional Chinese herbs that have long been shown to provide therapeutic advantages for AD. The uptake of curcumin into the brain is severely restricted by its low ability to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Meanwhile, GBE has been shown to improve BBB permeability. The present study evaluated the neuroprotective effects and pharmacokinetic profile of curcumin and GBE combination to find out whether GBE can enhance curcumin's beneficial effects in AD by raising its brain concentration. Results revealed that CUR + GBE achieved significantly higher levels of curcumin in the brain and plasma after 30 min and 1 h of oral administration, compared to curcumin alone, and this was confirmed by reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). The effect of combined oral treatment, for 28 successive days, on cognitive function and other AD-like alterations was studied in scopolamine-heavy metal mixtures (SCO + HMM) AD model in rats. The combination reversed at least, partially on the learning and memory impairment induced by SCO + HMM. This was associated with a more pronounced inhibitory effect on acetylcholinesterase (AChE), caspase-3, hippocampal amyloid beta (Aβ1-42), and phosphorylated tau protein (p-tau) count, and pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukine-1beta (IL-1β), as compared to the curcumin alone-treated group. Additionally, the combined treatment significantly decreased lipid peroxidation (MDA) and increased levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), when compared with the curcumin alone. These findings support the concept that the combination strategy might be an alternative therapy in the management/prevention of neurological disorders. This study sheds light on a new approach for exploring new phyto-therapies for AD and emphasizes that more research should focus on the synergic effects of herbal drugs in future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdel-Azim Assi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt, 71524
| | - Magda M Y Farrag
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt, 71524
| | - Dalia M Badary
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Essmat A H Allam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt
| | - Mariam A Nicola
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang Q, Liu Z, Wang R, Li R, Lian X, Yang Y, Yan J, Yin Z, Wang G, Sun J, Peng Y. Effect of Ginkgo biloba extract on pharmacology and pharmacokinetics of atorvastatin in rats with hyperlipidaemia. Food Funct 2023; 14:3051-3066. [PMID: 36916480 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo03238d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) is a common dietary supplement used by people with dyslipidaemia worldwide to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. Many studies have found that GBE itself has a variety of pharmacological activities. However, the role of GBE as an adjunct to conventional therapy with chemical drugs remains controversial. Therefore, this study explored the additional benefits of GBE in the treatment of hyperlipidaemia with statins in terms of both pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics. A hyperlipidaemia model was established by feeding rats a high-fat diet for a long time. The animals were treated with atorvastatin only, GBE only, or a combination of atorvastatin and GBE. The results showed that statins combined with GBE could significantly improve the blood lipid parameters, reduce the liver fat content, and reduce the size of adipocytes in abdominal fat. The effect was superior to statin therapy alone. In addition, the combination has shown additional liver protection against possible pathological liver injury or statin-induced liver injury. A lipidomic study showed that GBE could regulate the abnormal lipid metabolism of the liver in hyperlipemia. When statins are combined with GBE, this callback effect introduced by GBE on endogenous metabolism has important implications for resistance to disease progression and statin resistance. Finally, in the presence of GBE, there was a significant increase in plasma statin exposure. These results all confirmed that GBE has incremental benefits as a dietary supplement of statin therapy for dyslipidaemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Research Unit of PK-PD Based Bioactive Components and Pharmacodynamic Target Discovery of Natural Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, China.
| | - Zihou Liu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Research Unit of PK-PD Based Bioactive Components and Pharmacodynamic Target Discovery of Natural Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, China.
| | - Rui Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Research Unit of PK-PD Based Bioactive Components and Pharmacodynamic Target Discovery of Natural Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, China.
| | - Run Li
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Research Unit of PK-PD Based Bioactive Components and Pharmacodynamic Target Discovery of Natural Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, China.
| | - Xiaoru Lian
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Research Unit of PK-PD Based Bioactive Components and Pharmacodynamic Target Discovery of Natural Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, China.
| | - Yanquan Yang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Research Unit of PK-PD Based Bioactive Components and Pharmacodynamic Target Discovery of Natural Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, China.
| | - Jiao Yan
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Research Unit of PK-PD Based Bioactive Components and Pharmacodynamic Target Discovery of Natural Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, China.
| | - Zhiqi Yin
- Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, China
| | - Guangji Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Research Unit of PK-PD Based Bioactive Components and Pharmacodynamic Target Discovery of Natural Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, China.
| | - Jianguo Sun
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Research Unit of PK-PD Based Bioactive Components and Pharmacodynamic Target Discovery of Natural Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, China.
| | - Ying Peng
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Research Unit of PK-PD Based Bioactive Components and Pharmacodynamic Target Discovery of Natural Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yan YC, Xu ZH, Wang J, Yu WB. Uncovering the pharmacology of Ginkgo biloba folium in the cell-type-specific targets of Parkinson's disease. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1007556. [PMID: 36249800 PMCID: PMC9556873 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1007556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease with a fast-growing prevalence. Developing disease-modifying therapies for PD remains an enormous challenge. Current drug treatment will lose efficacy and bring about severe side effects as the disease progresses. Extracts from Ginkgo biloba folium (GBE) have been shown neuroprotective in PD models. However, the complex GBE extracts intertwingled with complicated PD targets hinder further drug development. In this study, we have pioneered using single-nuclei RNA sequencing data in network pharmacology analysis. Furthermore, high-throughput screening for potent drug-target interaction (DTI) was conducted with a deep learning algorithm, DeepPurpose. The strongest DTIs between ginkgolides and MAPK14 were further validated by molecular docking. This work should help advance the network pharmacology analysis procedure to tackle the limitation of conventional research. Meanwhile, these results should contribute to a better understanding of the complicated mechanisms of GBE in treating PD and lay the theoretical ground for future drug development in PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jian Wang
- *Correspondence: Jian Wang, ; Wen-Bo Yu,
| | - Wen-Bo Yu
- *Correspondence: Jian Wang, ; Wen-Bo Yu,
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Study on Synergistic Antioxidant Effect of Typical Functional Components of Hydroethanolic Leaf Extract from Ginkgo Biloba In Vitro. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27020439. [PMID: 35056751 PMCID: PMC8778188 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The predicted anti-oxidation is related to apoptosis, proliferation, lipid metabolism, cell differentiation, and immune response. There are some differences in the antioxidant capacity of the four typical components of ginkgo biloba extract (EGb) including ginkgo flavone (GF), ginkgolide (G), procyanidins (OPC), and organic acids (OA), and any two members of them can exhibit apparent synergistic effects. The order of DPPH scavenging ability was: OPC > GF > OA > G. The scavenging ability of procyanidins was close to that of VC; the scavenging capacity of ABTS was GF > OPC > OA > G. The GF:OPC (1:9) showed the best synergism in scavenging DPPH and ABTS radicals. The 193 kinds of small molecules reported in EGb were obtained by analyzing the properties of EGb. In order to construct a corresponding biological activity target set, molecular docking and the network pharmacology method were employed to build the molecular action mechanism network of a compound target, and the main biological functions and signaling pathways involved with their antioxidant activities were predicted. The results displayed that the top ten compounds which belonged to the two broad categories, ginkgo flavonoids and proanthocyanidins, could interact closely with several important target proteins (CASP3, SOD2, MAPK1, HSPA4, and NQO1). This would be expected to lay a theoretical foundation for the deep development of Ginkgo biloba extract.
Collapse
|
7
|
Charrière K, Ghzaiel I, Lizard G, Vejux A. Involvement of Microglia in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Beneficial Effects of Docosahexahenoic Acid (DHA) Supplied by Food or Combined with Nanoparticles. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910639. [PMID: 34638979 PMCID: PMC8508587 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases represent a major public health issue and require better therapeutic management. The treatments developed mainly target neuronal activity. However, an inflammatory component must be considered, and microglia may constitute an important therapeutic target. Given the difficulty in developing molecules that can cross the blood–brain barrier, the use of food-derived molecules may be an interesting therapeutic avenue. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (22:6 omega-3), has an inhibitory action on cell death and oxidative stress induced in the microglia. It also acts on the inflammatory activity of microglia. These data obtained in vitro or on animal models are corroborated by clinical trials showing a protective effect of DHA. Whereas DHA crosses the blood–brain barrier, nutritional intake lacks specificity at both the tissue and cellular level. Nanomedicine offers new tools which favor the delivery of DHA at the cerebral level, especially in microglial cells. Because of the biological activities of DHA and the associated nanotargeting techniques, DHA represents a therapeutic molecule of interest for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karine Charrière
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, Centre d’Investigation Clinique, INSERM CIC 1431, 25030 Besançon, France;
| | - Imen Ghzaiel
- Team Bio-PeroxIL, “Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism” (EA7270), Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, UFR Sciences Vie Terre et Environnement, 21000 Dijon, France; (I.G.); (G.L.)
| | - Gérard Lizard
- Team Bio-PeroxIL, “Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism” (EA7270), Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, UFR Sciences Vie Terre et Environnement, 21000 Dijon, France; (I.G.); (G.L.)
| | - Anne Vejux
- Team Bio-PeroxIL, “Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism” (EA7270), Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, UFR Sciences Vie Terre et Environnement, 21000 Dijon, France; (I.G.); (G.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-3-8039-3701; Fax: +33-3-8039-6250
| |
Collapse
|