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Hong R, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Bei L, Yang J, Xia J, Hu Z, Cao Z, Chen R, Chen L, Niu G, Ke C. The serine protease CORIN promotes progression of gastric cancer by mediating the ERK1/2 MAPK pathway. Mol Carcinog 2024; 63:1500-1514. [PMID: 38751032 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
The serine protease CORIN catalyzes pro-atrial natriuretic peptide (pro-ANP) into an active ANP and maintains homeostasis of the internal environment. However, it is unclear whether CORIN participates in the regulation of tumor progression. We analyzed the expression profile of CORIN in gastric cancer tissues (GCs) and adjacent nontumoral tissues (NTs). We investigated the prognostic value of CORIN in GC patients. We characterized the in vitro and in vivo activity of CORIN in cultured GC cells with gain-of-function and loss-of-function experiments. The underlying mechanism was explored by using bioinformatics, a signaling antibody array, and confirmative western blot analyses, as well as rescue experiments with highly selective small-molecule inhibitors targeting the ERK1/2 MAPK signaling pathway. CORIN was upregulated in GCs than in NTs. Overexpression of CORIN was correlated with unfavorable prognoses in patients with GC. Ectopic expression of CORIN was promoted, whereas silencing of CORIN suppressed proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion of GC cells, and tumor growth in vivo. Overexpression of CORIN-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and activation of the ERK1/2 MAPK signaling pathway, while silencing of CORIN yielded opposite results. The in vitro tumor-promoting potency of CORIN could be antagonized by selective inhibitors targeting the ERK1/2 MAPK pathway. In conclusion, CORIN is a potential prognostic marker and therapeutic target for GC patients, which may promote tumor progression by mediating the ERK1/2 MAPK signaling pathway and EMT in GC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runqi Hong
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaotian Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Minhang Brunch, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Lanxin Bei
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ju Yang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Xia
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiqing Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhipeng Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gengming Niu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chongwei Ke
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Zhao Y, Yuan X, Xie Y, Yin X, Liu Y, Sun Y, Gong Y, Liu J, Chen F. Association of Preablation Plasma Corin Levels With Atrial Fibrillation Recurrence After Catheter Ablation: A Prospective Observational Study. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e031928. [PMID: 38214265 PMCID: PMC10926783 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.031928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We assessed the impact of pre- and postprocedural plasma corin levels on the recurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF) after catheter ablation (CA). METHODS AND RESULTS This prospective, single-center, observational study included patients undergoing their first CA of AF. Corin was measured before and 1 day after CA. The primary end point was recurrent AF between 3 and 12 months after ablation. From April 2019 through May 2021, we analyzed 616 patients with AF (59.09% men) with a mean age of 62.86±9.42 years. Overall, 153 patients (24.84%) experienced recurrent AF. In the recurrence group, the pre- and postprocedure corin concentrations were 539.14 (329.24-702.08) and 607.37 (364.50-753.80) pg/mL, respectively, which were significantly higher than the nonrecurrence group's respective concentrations of 369.05 (186.36-489.28) and 489.12 (315.66-629.05) pg/mL (both P<0.0001). A multivariate Cox regression analysis with confounders found that elevated preablation corin levels were significantly associated with an increased risk of AF recurrence after CA. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis identified that a preablation corin threshold of >494.85 pg/mL predicted AF recurrence at 1 year. An increase of 1 SD in corin concentrations before CA (264.94 pg/mL) increased the risk of recurrent AF by 54.3% after adjusting for confounding variables (hazard ratio, 1.465 [95% CI, 1.282-1.655]; P<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Plasma corin levels at baseline is a valuable predictor of AF recurrence after CA, independent of established conventional risk factors. Risk stratification before ablation for AF may be useful in selecting treatment regimens for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichang Zhao
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Xiaoyang Yuan
- Department of Laboratory MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Yunpeng Xie
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Xiaomeng Yin
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Yuanjun Sun
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Yue Gong
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Jinqiu Liu
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Feifei Chen
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
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Niu Y, Zhou T, Zhang S, Li W, Wang K, Dong N, Wu Q. Corin deficiency impairs cardiac function in mouse models of heart failure. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1164524. [PMID: 37636304 PMCID: PMC10450958 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1164524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Corin is a protease in the natriuretic peptide system. Deleterious CORIN variants are associated with hypertension and heart disease. It remains unclear if and to what extent corin deficiency may contribute to heart failure (HF). Methods Corin knockout (KO) mice were used as a model. Cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography and tissue analysis in Corin KO mice at different ages or subjected to transverse aortic constriction (TAC), which increased pressure overload. Heart and lung tissues were analyzed for cardiac hypertrophy and lung edema using wheat germ agglutinin, Sirius red, Masson's trichrome, and Prussian blue staining. Recombinant corin was tested for its effect on cardiac function in the TAC-operated Corin KO mice. Selected gene expression in the heart was examined by RT-PCR. ELISA was used to analyze factors in plasma. Results Corin KO mice had progressive cardiac dysfunction with cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis after 9 months of age, likely due to chronic hypertension. When Corin KO mice were subjected to TAC at 10-12 weeks of age, cardiac function decreased more rapidly than in similarly treated wild-type mice. When the TAC-operated Corin KO mice were treated with recombinant corin protein, cardiac dysfunction, hypertrophy, and fibrosis were ameliorated. The corin treatment also decreased the gene expression associated with cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis, increased plasma cGMP levels, lowered plasma levels of N-terminal pro-atrial natriuretic peptide, angiotensin II, and aldosterone, and lessened lung edema in the Corin KO mice subjected to TAC. Conclusion Corin deficiency impairs cardiac function and exacerbates HF development in mice. Corin protein may be used to reduce cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis, suppress the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, and improve cardiac function in HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayan Niu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Medical School, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Tiantian Zhou
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Medical School, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shengnan Zhang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Medical School, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wenguo Li
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Medical School, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Medical School, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ningzheng Dong
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Medical School, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qingyu Wu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Medical School, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Allach Y, Brugts JJ. The role of serial cardiac biomarkers in prognostication and risk prediction of chronic heart failure: additional scientific insights with hemodynamic feedback. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2023; 21:97-109. [PMID: 36744389 DOI: 10.1080/14779072.2023.2177635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Heart failure (HF) is considered as a chronic long-term and lethal disease and will continue to be a major public health problem. Studying (circulating) biomarkers is a promising field of research and could be the first step toward HF tailored prognostic strategies as well as understanding the response to HF drugs in CHF patients. AREAS COVERED In literature, there has been considerable research on elevated biomarker levels that are related to a poor prognosis for HF. Since biomarker levels change over time, it is important to study serial (repeated) biomarker measurements which may help us better understand the dynamic course of HF illness. However, the majority of research focuses predominantly on baseline values of biomarkers. Additionally, remote monitoring devices, like sensors, can be used to link hemodynamic information to freshen biomarker data in order to further ameliorate the management of HF. EXPERT OPINION Novel biomarkers and additional scientific insights with hemodynamic feedback strongly aid in the prognostication and risk prediction of chronic HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssra Allach
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus University Medical Centre; 3015 Rotterdam; The Netherlands
| | - Jasper J Brugts
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus University Medical Centre; 3015 Rotterdam; The Netherlands
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Abassi Z, Khoury EE, Karram T, Aronson D. Edema formation in congestive heart failure and the underlying mechanisms. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:933215. [PMID: 36237903 PMCID: PMC9553007 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.933215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Congestive heart failure (HF) is a complex disease state characterized by impaired ventricular function and insufficient peripheral blood supply. The resultant reduced blood flow characterizing HF promotes activation of neurohormonal systems which leads to fluid retention, often exhibited as pulmonary congestion, peripheral edema, dyspnea, and fatigue. Despite intensive research, the exact mechanisms underlying edema formation in HF are poorly characterized. However, the unique relationship between the heart and the kidneys plays a central role in this phenomenon. Specifically, the interplay between the heart and the kidneys in HF involves multiple interdependent mechanisms, including hemodynamic alterations resulting in insufficient peripheral and renal perfusion which can lead to renal tubule hypoxia. Furthermore, HF is characterized by activation of neurohormonal factors including renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), sympathetic nervous system (SNS), endothelin-1 (ET-1), and anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) due to reduced cardiac output (CO) and renal perfusion. Persistent activation of these systems results in deleterious effects on both the kidneys and the heart, including sodium and water retention, vasoconstriction, increased central venous pressure (CVP), which is associated with renal venous hypertension/congestion along with increased intra-abdominal pressure (IAP). The latter was shown to reduce renal blood flow (RBF), leading to a decline in the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Besides the activation of the above-mentioned vasoconstrictor/anti-natriuretic neurohormonal systems, HF is associated with exceptionally elevated levels of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP). However, the supremacy of the deleterious neurohormonal systems over the beneficial natriuretic peptides (NP) in HF is evident by persistent sodium and water retention and cardiac remodeling. Many mechanisms have been suggested to explain this phenomenon which seems to be multifactorial and play a major role in the development of renal hyporesponsiveness to NPs and cardiac remodeling. This review focuses on the mechanisms underlying the development of edema in HF with reduced ejection fraction and refers to the therapeutic maneuvers applied today to overcome abnormal salt/water balance characterizing HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaid Abassi
- Department of Physiology, Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
- *Correspondence: Zaid Abassi,
| | - Emad E. Khoury
- Department of Physiology, Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Tony Karram
- Department of Vascular Surgery and Kidney Transplantation, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Doron Aronson
- Department of Cardiology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
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Yang S, Li S, Lin F, Hsieh T, Huang P, Lin S. Chronic Kidney Disease Is Associated With Increased Cardiac Corin Expression But Decreased Proatrial Natriuretic Peptide Conversion Activity. J Am Heart Assoc 2022; 11:e025208. [PMID: 35861835 PMCID: PMC9707843 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.025208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Corin converts proatrial natriuretic peptide into its active form after being activated by PCSK6 (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 6) protease. It remains unknown whether the PCSK6/corin/atrial natriuretic peptide pathway plays a role in CKD‐induced cardiomyopathy.
Methods and Results
Serum corin, left ventricular mass index, and corin–left ventricular mass index correlation were compared between outpatients with versus without CKD. Cardiac corin expression and activity as well as serum corin were compared between 5/6 nephrectomy CKD animal models and sham controls. The effects of indoxyl sulfate, a uremic toxin, on cardiomyocytes were examined in vitro in H9c2 cells. A total of 543 patients were enrolled in this study. Serum corin levels were elevated in patients with CKD compared with levels in patients without CKD. Serum corin levels correlated negatively with left ventricular mass index in participants without CKD, but not in patients with CKD. Compared with sham controls, CKD mice had higher serum corin levels and increased cardiac expression of corin but reduced cardiac corin conversion activity. Indoxyl sulfate stimulated corin expression while suppressing serine protease activity in H9c2 cardiomyoblasts. Lower PCSK6 expression in CKD mouse hearts and indoxyl sulfate–treated H9c2 cardiomyoblasts may explain, at least partly, the observed CKD‐associated reduction in corin activity.
Conclusions
In CKD, cardiac and serum levels of corin are increased, yet corin activity is suppressed. The latter may be attributable to reduced PCSK6 expression. These findings suggest that corin dysfunction may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of CKD‐associated cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang‐Feng Yang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine Cheng Hsin General Hospital Taipei Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Szu‐Yuan Li
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei Taiwan
- School of Medicine National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Feng‐Yen Lin
- Division of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine Taipei Medical University Hospital Taipei Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Tsung‐Han Hsieh
- Joint Biobank, Office of Human Research Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Po‐Hsun Huang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei Taiwan
- Cardiovascular Research Center National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei Taiwan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei Taiwan
| | - Shing‐Jong Lin
- Institute of Clinical Medicine National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei Taiwan
- Cardiovascular Research Center National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei Taiwan
- Taipei Heart Institute Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Heart Center Cheng‐Hsin General Hospital Taipei Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei Taiwan
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Wang C, Taskinen JH, Segersvärd H, Immonen K, Kosonen R, Tolva JM, Mäyränpää MI, Kovanen PT, Olkkonen VM, Sinisalo J, Laine M, Tikkanen I, Lakkisto P. Alterations of Cardiac Protein Kinases in Cyclic Nucleotide-Dependent Signaling Pathways in Human Ischemic Heart Failure. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:919355. [PMID: 35783854 PMCID: PMC9247256 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.919355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Impaired protein kinase signaling is a hallmark of ischemic heart disease (IHD). Inadequate understanding of the pathological mechanisms limits the development of therapeutic approaches. We aimed to identify the key cardiac kinases and signaling pathways in patients with IHD with an effort to discover potential therapeutic strategies. Methods Cardiac kinase activity in IHD left ventricle (LV) and the related signaling pathways were investigated by kinomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and integrated multi-omics approach. Results Protein kinase A (PKA) and protein kinase G (PKG) ranked on top in the activity shift among the cardiac kinases. In the IHD LVs, PKA activity decreased markedly compared with that of controls (62% reduction, p = 0.0034), whereas PKG activity remained stable, although the amount of PKG protein increased remarkably (65%, p = 0.003). mRNA levels of adenylate cyclases (ADCY 1, 3, 5, 9) and cAMP-hydrolysing phosphodiesterases (PDE4A, PDE4D) decreased significantly, although no statistically significant alterations were observed in that of PKGs (PRKG1 and PRKG2) and guanylate cyclases (GUCYs). The gene expression of natriuretic peptide CNP decreased remarkably, whereas those of BNP, ANP, and neprilysin increased significantly in the IHD LVs. Proteomics analysis revealed a significant reduction in protein levels of “Energy metabolism” and “Muscle contraction” in the patients. Multi-omics integration highlighted intracellular signaling by second messengers as the top enriched Reactome pathway. Conclusion The deficiency in cAMP/PKA signaling pathway is strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of IHD. Natriuretic peptide CNP could be a potential therapeutic target for the modulation of cGMP/PKG signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunguang Wang
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum Helsinki 2 U, Helsinki, Finland
- *Correspondence: Chunguang Wang
| | - Juuso H. Taskinen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum Helsinki 2 U, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heli Segersvärd
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum Helsinki 2 U, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katariina Immonen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum Helsinki 2 U, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riikka Kosonen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum Helsinki 2 U, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna M. Tolva
- Transplantation Laboratory, Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko I. Mäyränpää
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Petri T. Kovanen
- Atherosclerosis Research Laboratory, Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vesa M. Olkkonen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum Helsinki 2 U, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juha Sinisalo
- Heart and Lung Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mika Laine
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum Helsinki 2 U, Helsinki, Finland
- Heart and Lung Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ilkka Tikkanen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum Helsinki 2 U, Helsinki, Finland
- Abdominal Center, Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Päivi Lakkisto
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum Helsinki 2 U, Helsinki, Finland
- Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Päivi Lakkisto
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Corin: A Key Mediator in Sodium Homeostasis, Vascular Remodeling, and Heart Failure. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11050717. [PMID: 35625445 PMCID: PMC9138375 DOI: 10.3390/biology11050717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is an important hormone that regulates many physiological and pathological processes, including electrolyte and body fluid balance, blood volume and pressure, cardiac channel activity and function, inflammatory response, lipid metabolism, and vascular remodeling. Corin is a transmembrane serine protease that activates ANP. Variants in the CORIN gene are associated with cardiovascular disease, including hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy, atrial fibrillation, heart failure, and preeclampsia. The current data indicate a key role of corin-mediated ANP production and signaling in the maintenance of cardiovascular homeostasis. In this review, we discuss the latest findings regarding the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the role of corin in sodium homeostasis, uterine spiral artery remodeling, and heart failure. Abstract Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is a crucial element of the cardiac endocrine function that promotes natriuresis, diuresis, and vasodilation, thereby protecting normal blood pressure and cardiac function. Corin is a type II transmembrane serine protease that is highly expressed in the heart, where it converts the ANP precursor to mature ANP. Corin deficiency prevents ANP activation and causes hypertension and heart disease. In addition to the heart, corin is expressed in other tissues, including those of the kidney, skin, and uterus, where corin-mediated ANP production and signaling act locally to promote sodium excretion and vascular remodeling. These results indicate that corin and ANP function in many tissues via endocrine and autocrine mechanisms. In heart failure patients, impaired natriuretic peptide processing is a common pathological mechanism that contributes to sodium and body fluid retention. In this review, we discuss most recent findings regarding the role of corin in non-cardiac tissues, including the kidney and skin, in regulating sodium homeostasis and body fluid excretion. Moreover, we describe the molecular mechanisms underlying corin and ANP function in supporting orderly cellular events in uterine spiral artery remodeling. Finally, we assess the potential of corin-based approaches to enhance natriuretic peptide production and activity as a treatment of heart failure.
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9
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Finding a reliable assay for soluble neprilysin. Clin Biochem 2022; 104:51-58. [PMID: 35331754 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2022.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lack of validation and standardization of research-use-only (RUO) immunoassays brings with it inherent threats to authenticity and functional quality. Poor correlation between different commercial neprilysin RUO immunoassays is concerning and discordant findings need to be resolved. We seek to identify and validate reliable neprilysin immunoassays to strengthen the scientific rigor and reproducibility of neprilysin-related investigation and of biomarker research in general. METHODS Soluble neprilysin (sNEP) concentrations were determined in cohorts (n = 532) from Spain (Cohort 1), New Zealand (NZ, Cohort 2) and Singapore (Cohort 3), using commercial kits from six vendors. Apparent sNEP concentrations were correlated between different assays and with plasma neprilysin activity. Assay reliability was further validated by performance verification, MS analysis and cross-reactivity tests. RESULTS sNEP in Cohorts 1 and 2 measured concurrently in Spain and NZ showed significant inter-laboratory correlation only for the Aviscera Bioscience sNEP ELISA SK00724-01. Neprilysin concentrations obtained with the R&D systems and SK00724-01 ELISAs correlated with each other but not with neprilysin activity. In Cohort 3, sNEP concentrations from the Perkin Elmer AlphaLISA and Biotechne ELLA assays agreed (r = 0.89) and both correlated with neprilysin activity (r = 0.87, 0.77 respectively). MS analysis detected authentic neprilysin in the AlphaLISA kit calibrator and in antibody pull-down material from human plasma. The AlphaLISA assay performed within acceptable limits (spike and recovery, dilutional linearity, inter- and intra-assay CV) and showed no cross-reactivity against neprilysin substrates and closely-related analogues. CONCLUSION AlphaLISA and ELLA assays provide reliable measures of sNEP concentrations. Reliability of other commercial neprilysin assays remains in question.
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Wang M, Lee-Kim VS, Atri DS, Elowe NH, Yu J, Garvie CW, Won HH, Hadaya JE, MacDonald BT, Trindade K, Melander O, Rader DJ, Natarajan P, Kathiresan S, Kaushik VK, Khera AV, Gupta RM. Rare, Damaging DNA Variants in CORIN and Risk of Coronary Artery Disease: Insights From Functional Genomics and Large-Scale Sequencing Analyses. CIRCULATION-GENOMIC AND PRECISION MEDICINE 2021; 14:e003399. [PMID: 34592835 DOI: 10.1161/circgen.121.003399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Corin is a protease expressed in cardiomyocytes that plays a key role in salt handling and intravascular volume homeostasis via activation of natriuretic peptides. It is unknown if Corin loss-of-function (LOF) is causally associated with risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS We analyzed all coding CORIN variants in an Italian case-control study of CAD. We functionally tested all 64 rare missense mutations in Western Blot and Mass Spectroscopy assays for proatrial natriuretic peptide cleavage. An expanded rare variant association analysis for Corin LOF mutations was conducted in whole exome sequencing data from 37 799 CAD cases and 212 184 controls. RESULTS We observed LOF variants in CORIN in 8 of 1803 (0.4%) CAD cases versus 0 of 1725 controls (P, 0.007). Of 64 rare missense variants profiled, 21 (33%) demonstrated <30% of wild-type activity and were deemed damaging in the 2 functional assays for Corin activity. In a rare variant association study that aggregated rare LOF and functionally validated damaging missense variants from the Italian study, we observed no association with CAD-21 of 1803 CAD cases versus 12 of 1725 controls with adjusted odds ratio of 1.61 ([95% CI, 0.79-3.29]; P=0.17). In the expanded sequencing dataset, there was no relationship between rare LOF variants with CAD was also observed (odds ratio, 1.15 [95% CI, 0.89-1.49]; P=0.30). Consistent with the genetic analysis, we observed no relationship between circulating Corin concentrations with incident CAD events among 4744 participants of a prospective cohort study-sex-stratified hazard ratio per SD increment of 0.96 ([95% CI, 0.87-1.07], P=0.48). CONCLUSIONS Functional testing of missense mutations improved the accuracy of rare variant association analysis. Despite compelling pathophysiology and a preliminary observation suggesting association, we observed no relationship between rare damaging variants in CORIN or circulating Corin concentrations with risk of CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minxian Wang
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics (M.W., J.E.H., P.N., A.V.K., R.M.G.), Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA.,Cardiovascular Disease Initiative (M.W., V.S.L.-K., D.S.A., N.H.E., J.Y., C.W.G., B.T.M., P.N., V.K.K., A.V.K., R.M.G.), Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA.,Center for Genomic Medicine (M.W., P.N., S.K., A.V.K.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Vivian S Lee-Kim
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative (M.W., V.S.L.-K., D.S.A., N.H.E., J.Y., C.W.G., B.T.M., P.N., V.K.K., A.V.K., R.M.G.), Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA.,Divisions of Genetics and Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (V.S.L.-K., D.S.A.)
| | - Deepak S Atri
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative (M.W., V.S.L.-K., D.S.A., N.H.E., J.Y., C.W.G., B.T.M., P.N., V.K.K., A.V.K., R.M.G.), Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA.,Divisions of Genetics and Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (V.S.L.-K., D.S.A.)
| | - Nadine H Elowe
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative (M.W., V.S.L.-K., D.S.A., N.H.E., J.Y., C.W.G., B.T.M., P.N., V.K.K., A.V.K., R.M.G.), Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - John Yu
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative (M.W., V.S.L.-K., D.S.A., N.H.E., J.Y., C.W.G., B.T.M., P.N., V.K.K., A.V.K., R.M.G.), Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Colin W Garvie
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative (M.W., V.S.L.-K., D.S.A., N.H.E., J.Y., C.W.G., B.T.M., P.N., V.K.K., A.V.K., R.M.G.), Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Hong-Hee Won
- Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Gyeonggi, South Korea (H.-H.W.)
| | - Joseph E Hadaya
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics (M.W., J.E.H., P.N., A.V.K., R.M.G.), Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Bryan T MacDonald
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative (M.W., V.S.L.-K., D.S.A., N.H.E., J.Y., C.W.G., B.T.M., P.N., V.K.K., A.V.K., R.M.G.), Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Kevin Trindade
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (K.T., D.J.R.)
| | - Olle Melander
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Skåne, Sweden (O.M.).,Department of Internal Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden (O.M.)
| | - Daniel J Rader
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (K.T., D.J.R.)
| | - Pradeep Natarajan
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics (M.W., J.E.H., P.N., A.V.K., R.M.G.), Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA.,Cardiovascular Disease Initiative (M.W., V.S.L.-K., D.S.A., N.H.E., J.Y., C.W.G., B.T.M., P.N., V.K.K., A.V.K., R.M.G.), Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA.,Center for Genomic Medicine (M.W., P.N., S.K., A.V.K.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.,Division of Cardiology (P.N., S.K., A.V.K.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Sekar Kathiresan
- Center for Genomic Medicine (M.W., P.N., S.K., A.V.K.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.,Division of Cardiology (P.N., S.K., A.V.K.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.,Verve Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA (S.K.)
| | - Virendar K Kaushik
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative (M.W., V.S.L.-K., D.S.A., N.H.E., J.Y., C.W.G., B.T.M., P.N., V.K.K., A.V.K., R.M.G.), Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Amit V Khera
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics (M.W., J.E.H., P.N., A.V.K., R.M.G.), Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA.,Center for Genomic Medicine (M.W., P.N., S.K., A.V.K.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.,Division of Cardiology (P.N., S.K., A.V.K.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Rajat M Gupta
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics (M.W., J.E.H., P.N., A.V.K., R.M.G.), Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA.,Cardiovascular Disease Initiative (M.W., V.S.L.-K., D.S.A., N.H.E., J.Y., C.W.G., B.T.M., P.N., V.K.K., A.V.K., R.M.G.), Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
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