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N. ARC, Cornejo V, Guevara-Morales JM, Echeverri-Peña OY. Advances and Challenges in Classical Galactosemia. Pathophysiology and Treatment. JOURNAL OF INBORN ERRORS OF METABOLISM AND SCREENING 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/2326-4594-jiems-2021-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Wong Y, Or M, Lau H, Wong S, Fung W. Analysis of underivatized alditols in traditional Chinese medicines by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry based on ligand exchange chromatography. SEPARATION SCIENCE PLUS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/sscp.202000084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yiu‐Tung Wong
- Analytical and Advisory Services Division Government Laboratory Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Kowloon P. R. China
| | - Mei‐Sze Or
- Analytical and Advisory Services Division Government Laboratory Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Kowloon P. R. China
| | - Hoi‐Ho Lau
- Analytical and Advisory Services Division Government Laboratory Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Kowloon P. R. China
| | - Sau‐Chun Wong
- Analytical and Advisory Services Division Government Laboratory Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Kowloon P. R. China
| | - Wai‐Hong Fung
- Analytical and Advisory Services Division Government Laboratory Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Kowloon P. R. China
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Kubinec R, Kotora P, Ferenczy V, Blaško J, Podolec P, Hengerics Szabó A, Behúlová D, Bierhanzl V, Čabala R, Stuchlík S, Filipiak W, Thắng NM. Simultaneous analysis of carbohydrates, polyols and amines in urine samples using chemical ionization gas chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2017; 41:449-458. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Róbert Kubinec
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences; Comenius University in Bratislava; Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Peter Kotora
- Institute of Process Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering; Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava; Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Viktória Ferenczy
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences; Comenius University in Bratislava; Bratislava Slovakia
- Department of Laboratory Medicine; University Children´s Hospital; Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Jaroslav Blaško
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences; Comenius University in Bratislava; Bratislava Slovakia
| | | | - Alexandra Hengerics Szabó
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences; Comenius University in Bratislava; Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Darina Behúlová
- Department of Laboratory Medicine; University Children´s Hospital; Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Václav Bierhanzl
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences; Charles University in Prague; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Radomír Čabala
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences; Charles University in Prague; Prague Czech Republic
- Institute of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology; General University Hospital in Prague; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Stanislav Stuchlík
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences; Comenius University in Bratislava; Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Wojciech Filipiak
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy; Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz at the Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun; Bydgoszcz Poland
| | - Ngô Mạnh Thắng
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, HCMC; University of Technology; HCM City Vietnam
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Ge SL, Wang H, Wang ZF, Cheng S, Wang QJ, He PG, Fang YZ. Sensitive measurement of polyols in urine by capillary zone electrophoresis coupled with amperometric detection using on-column complexation with borate. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2012; 915-916:39-45. [PMID: 23328250 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Revised: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about human polyol metabolism, but recent studies indicate that abnormal polyol concentrations in body fluids are related to several diseases. In this study, a rapid and sensitive method for the determination of seven major polyols in urine including two groups of polyol isomers, C5-polyols (Rib+Arb+Xyl) and C6-polyols (Sor+Gal+Man), was developed using capillary zone electrophoresis coupled with amperometric detection (CZE-AD). The effects of the working electrode potential, pH, running buffer components and concentrations, separation voltage and injection times were investigated. Under the optimised conditions, seven types of polyols could be perfectly separated via the formation of anionic polyol-borate complexes in a borate buffer solution. Highly linear current responses to the polyol concentrations were obtained with good correlation (0.9984<R(2)<0.9997), and the limits of detection (LODs) ranged from 1.33×10(-6) to 5.8×10(-7) mol L(-1) (S/N=3). The proposed method has been successfully used to detect polyols in urinary samples from healthy subjects and diabetes patients, demonstrating accurate and reliable results. This method has potential applications in the recognition of inborn errors affecting polyol metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-li Ge
- Department of Chemistry, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, PR China
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Ruiz-Matute AI, Hernández-Hernández O, Rodríguez-Sánchez S, Sanz ML, Martínez-Castro I. Derivatization of carbohydrates for GC and GC-MS analyses. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2010; 879:1226-40. [PMID: 21186143 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2010.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2010] [Revised: 09/29/2010] [Accepted: 11/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
GC and GC-MS are excellent techniques for the analysis of carbohydrates; nevertheless the preparation of adequate derivatives is necessary. The different functional groups that can be found and the diversity of samples require specific methods. This review aims to collect the most important methodologies currently used, either published as new procedures or as new applications, for the analysis of carbohydrates. A high diversity of compounds with diverse functionalities has been selected: neutral carbohydrates (saccharides and polyalcohols), sugar acids, amino and iminosugars, polysaccharides, glycosides, glycoconjugates, anhydrosugars, difructose anhydrides and products resulting of Maillard reaction (osuloses, Amadori compounds). Chiral analysis has also been considered, describing the use of diastereomers and derivatives to be eluted on chiral stationary phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A I Ruiz-Matute
- Instituto de Fermentaciones Industriales-CIAL (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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Monnet C, Loux V, Gibrat JF, Spinnler E, Barbe V, Vacherie B, Gavory F, Gourbeyre E, Siguier P, Chandler M, Elleuch R, Irlinger F, Vallaeys T. The arthrobacter arilaitensis Re117 genome sequence reveals its genetic adaptation to the surface of cheese. PLoS One 2010; 5:e15489. [PMID: 21124797 PMCID: PMC2991359 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0015489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2010] [Accepted: 09/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Arthrobacter arilaitensis is one of the major bacterial species found at the surface of cheeses, especially in smear-ripened cheeses, where it contributes to the typical colour, flavour and texture properties of the final product. The A. arilaitensis Re117 genome is composed of a 3,859,257 bp chromosome and two plasmids of 50,407 and 8,528 bp. The chromosome shares large regions of synteny with the chromosomes of three environmental Arthrobacter strains for which genome sequences are available: A. aurescens TC1, A. chlorophenolicus A6 and Arthrobacter sp. FB24. In contrast however, 4.92% of the A. arilaitensis chromosome is composed of ISs elements, a portion that is at least 15 fold higher than for the other Arthrobacter strains. Comparative genomic analyses reveal an extensive loss of genes associated with catabolic activities, presumably as a result of adaptation to the properties of the cheese surface habitat. Like the environmental Arthrobacter strains, A. arilaitensis Re117 is well-equipped with enzymes required for the catabolism of major carbon substrates present at cheese surfaces such as fatty acids, amino acids and lactic acid. However, A. arilaitensis has several specificities which seem to be linked to its adaptation to its particular niche. These include the ability to catabolize D-galactonate, a high number of glycine betaine and related osmolyte transporters, two siderophore biosynthesis gene clusters and a high number of Fe(3+)/siderophore transport systems. In model cheese experiments, addition of small amounts of iron strongly stimulated the growth of A. arilaitensis, indicating that cheese is a highly iron-restricted medium. We suggest that there is a strong selective pressure at the surface of cheese for strains with efficient iron acquisition and salt-tolerance systems together with abilities to catabolize substrates such as lactic acid, lipids and amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Monnet
- INRA, UMR782 Génie et microbiologie des procédés alimentaires, Thiverval-Grignon, France.
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Fei F, Britz-McKibbin P. Direct analysis of polyols using 3-nitrophenylboronic acid in capillary electrophoresis: thermodynamic and electrokinetic principles of molecular recognition. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 398:1349-56. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-4038-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2010] [Revised: 06/16/2010] [Accepted: 07/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Schadewaldt P, Hoffmann B, Hammen HW, Kamp G, Schweitzer-Krantz S, Wendel U. Longitudinal assessment of intellectual achievement in patients with classical galactosemia. Pediatrics 2010; 125:e374-81. [PMID: 20100763 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2008-3325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To conduct a longitudinal assessment of long-term cognitive outcome in patients with classical galactosemia. METHODS Inclusion criteria were (1) previous assessment of IQ dating back >10 years with tests being comparable with the recent German tests HAWIK-III and HAWIE-R, (2) absence of illnesses other than galactosemia, (3) absence of foreign language problems, (4) enzymatic-metabolic proof of classical galactosemia, (5) compliance with dietary therapy, and (6) written informed consent. Twenty-three patients who fulfilled these criteria were found. They underwent the first IQ test at a mean age of 11 +/- 5 years and the second 13.6 to 15.5 years later at a mean age of 26 +/- 5 years. Results were corrected for the obsolescence of test norms (Flynn effect). RESULTS Mean total IQ scores on the first and second tests were 78 +/- 14 and 73 +/- 15, respectively, and not significantly different. IQ scores in the average range were observed for 7 patients on the first test and for 5 patients on the second test. For 17 patients, the intraindividual IQ scores remained essentially unchanged. Five patients showed a decrease and 1 an increase of the IQ score over time. No consistent pattern of change was found with respect to performance or verbal IQ subscores or in achievements in the individual subtest. CONCLUSIONS The results confirm the presence of reduced cognitive ability in classical galactosemia and present evidence for an absence of substantial galactosemia-induced aggravation of this impairment with increasing age, at least in patients from 4 to 40 years of age. It remains to be clarified whether a reduction of cognitive function in galactosemia may be initiated by an in utero toxicity of endogenously formed galactose and which role such a process may play in the development of intellectual deficiencies that are later maintained throughout life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Schadewaldt
- Deutsches Diabetes Zentrum, Abteilung Klinische Biochemie und Pathobiochemie, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Biochemical monitoring of pregnancy and breast feeding in five patients with classical galactosaemia--and review of the literature. Eur J Pediatr 2009; 168:721-9. [PMID: 18813948 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-008-0832-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2008] [Revised: 09/03/2008] [Accepted: 09/03/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Pregnancy, delivery, and postpartal metabolic control was monitored biochemically in five patients (22-38 years of age) with clinically, enzymatically, and genotypically established classical galactosaemia and good dietary compliance. Three of the patients performed breast feeding of their newborns. Monitoring parameters were galactose-1-phosphate and galactitol concentrations in erythrocytes and urinary excretion of galactose, galactitol, galactonate, and lactose. During pregnancy, a small but steady increase of renal metabolite excretion rates was observed. After delivery, a moderate transient increase of metabolite concentrations with peak values within the first week post partum occurred, irrespective of breast feeding. Altogether, there was no evidence for clinically or subclinically significant changes of metabolic control during pregnancy, delivery, or lactation. In conclusion, a specific metabolic monitoring is apparently not required in pregnant galactosemic women, and breast feeding of the nongalactosemic offspring can be recommended.
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Kaiser C, Segui-Lines G, D'Amaral JC, Ptolemy AS, Britz-McKibbin P. Electrokinetic probes for single-step screening of polyol stereoisomers: the virtues of ternary boronate ester complex formation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2008:338-40. [DOI: 10.1039/b714215c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Yager C, Wehrli S, Segal S. Urinary galactitol and galactonate quantified by isotope-dilution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Clin Chim Acta 2006; 366:216-24. [PMID: 16336956 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2005.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2005] [Revised: 10/11/2005] [Accepted: 10/11/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Measurements of urine galactitol have been used to monitor the adequacy of diet therapy in the treatment of galactosemia. We have devised a gas chromatographic mass spectrometry (GC/MS) isotope-dilution method for the simultaneous quantification of urine galactitol and another alternate pathway product, galactonate. METHODS We prepared trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives and used D-[UL-13C]galactitol and D-[UL-13C]galactonate as the internal standard for GC/MS. Results obtained with this method were compared with those determined by the established GC method for galactitol and the NMR method for galactonate. Thirty-three normal urine specimens were analyzed by the isotope dilution technique for galactitol and galactonate. Results of galactitol in 6 of these urine specimens along with 18 from classic galactosemics and 19 variant galactosemics were compared with the established GC method. Results for galactonate in 15 urine specimens from galactosemics were compared to the established NMR technique. RESULTS The method was linear up to 200 nmol with lower limits of detection of 1.1 nmol (1.75 mmol/mol creatinine) (Cr) and 0.8 nmol (1.28 mmol/mol Cr) for galactitol and galactonate, respectively. Intra- and Interassay imprecision ranged from 2.1-6.7% for galactitol and 3.5-8.0% for galactonate. The excretion of both metabolites was age dependent in both normal and galactosemics. In 12 normal urines from subjects under 1 year, values for galactitol ranged from 8-107 mmol/mol Cr, and in 7 over age 6, ranged from 2-5 mmol/mol Cr. Under 1 year, the range for galactonate was non-detectable to 231 and in the over 6 years group non-detectable to 25 mmol/mol Cr. In galactosemics under 1 year, the value for galactitol ranged from 397-743 and for galactonate 92-132 mmol/mol Cr while in nine patients over age 6 the range was 125-274 mmol/mol Cr for galactitol and 17-46 mmol/mol Cr for galactonate. CONCLUSIONS The GC/MS method enables the simultaneous determination of urine galactitol and galactonate and is precise and useful over the wide range of concentrations needed to assess the galactose burden in patients with galactosemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Yager
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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