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Silva TAFDA, Silva PEDACE, Nascimento TP, Costa RMPB, Converti A, Porto ALF, Bezerra RP. Cost-effective fibrinolytic enzyme production by microalga Dunaliella tertiolecta using medium supplemented with corn steep liquor. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2023; 95:e20220552. [PMID: 37585969 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202320220552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A fibrinolytic enzyme from the microalga Dunaliella tertiolecta was produced under mixotrophic conditions using different corn steep liquor (CSL) concentrations ( 0 ≤ CLS ≤ 0.75%), purified using a combination of salting out and ion-exchange chromatography, and then biochemical characterized. Cultivation of this microalga using 0.5% CSL led to the highest maximum cell concentration (1.960±0.010 mg L-1) and cell productivity (0.140g L-1 day-1), besides a high fibrinolytic activity of the extract obtained by the homogenization method (102 ±1 U mL-1). The enzyme extracted from the microalgal biomass was 5-fold purified with a 20% yield and was found to have a specific activity of 670 U mg-1. The enzyme, whose molecular weight determined by fibrin zymography was 10 kDa, was shown to be stable at pH 3.0-9.0 and up to 70°C with optimal pH and temperature values of 8.0 and 50°C, respectively. When compared to other fibrinolytic enzymes, this protease stood out for its high fibrinolytic activity, which was enhanced by Fe2+, inhibited by Zn2+, Cu2+, Mg2+, and Ca2+, and strongly inhibited by phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, suggesting that it belongs to the serine metalloprotease family. Moreover, thanks to its thermal stability, the enzyme may be easily preserved and activated under high-temperature conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Túlio A F DA Silva
- Federal Rural University of Pernambuco-UFRPE, Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, Dom Manoel de Medeiros Ave., s/n, Dois irmãos, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Páblo E DA C E Silva
- Federal University of Pernambuco-UFPE, Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami (LIKA), Prof. Moraes Ave., s/n, Várzea, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Thiago P Nascimento
- Federal University of Piauí, Campus Professora Cinobelina Elvas, Br 135, Km 3, Planalto Horizonte, 64900-000 Bom Jesus, PI, Brazil
| | - Romero M P B Costa
- University of Pernambuco-UPE, Institute of Biological Sciences, 310, Arnóbio Marquês St., Santo Amaro, 50100-130 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Attilio Converti
- University of Genoa, Department of Civil, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Pole of Chemical Engineering, via Opera Pia 15, 16145, 50100-130 Genoa, Italy
| | - Ana Lúcia F Porto
- Federal Rural University of Pernambuco-UFRPE, Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, Dom Manoel de Medeiros Ave., s/n, Dois irmãos, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil
- Federal University of Pernambuco-UFPE, Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami (LIKA), Prof. Moraes Ave., s/n, Várzea, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Raquel P Bezerra
- Federal Rural University of Pernambuco-UFRPE, Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, Dom Manoel de Medeiros Ave., s/n, Dois irmãos, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil
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LIMITED PROTEOLYSIS OF FIBRINOGEN BY PROTEASE OF Gloydius halys halys SNAKE VENOM. BIOTECHNOLOGIA ACTA 2021. [DOI: 10.15407/biotech14.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim. One of the approaches for studying structure and functions of proteins is their limited proteolysis. Proteolytic fragments of macromolecules can preserve the biological activity and can be used for the study of their structural and functional peculiarities. Thus, the characterization of new proteolytic enzymes and determination of the specificity of their action can be of interest for exploration. In the present work, we focused on the action of protease from the venom of Gloydius halys halys on fibrinogen, the crucial protein of blood coagulation system. Methods. Products of fibrinogen hydrolysis by protease from the venom of G. halys halys were studied by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis and western-blot analysis using monoclonal antibodies ІІ-5 Сand 1-5A targeted to 20‒78 and 549‒610 fragments of fibrinogen Aα-chain. Molecular weights of hydrolytic products were determined using MALDI-TOF analysis on Voyager DE PRO (USA). Sequence of hydrolytic products were predicted by «Peptide Mass Calculator» soft ware. Results. SDS-PAGE showed that protease from the venom of Gloydius halys halys initially cleaved Аα-chain of fibrinogen molecule. Western-blot analysis confirmed that this protease specifically cleaves off fragment of C-terminal parts of Аα-chain with apparent molecular weight of 22 kDa. Cleaved fragment was identified by MALDI-TOF analysis as the 21.1 kDa polypeptide. «Peptide Mass Calculator» predicted that such a fragment corresponded to Аα414-610 residue of fibrinogen molecule. Thus, we showed that studied protease cleaved peptide bond AαK413-L414 with the formation of stable partly hydrolyzed fibrinogen desAα414-610. Conclusions. The use of protease from the venom of Gloydius halys halys would allow obtaining the unique partly hydrolyzed fibrinogen des Aα 414‒610 that is suitable for the study of structure and functions of fibrinogen αС-regions.
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De-Simone SG, Lechuga GC, Napoleão-Pêgo P, Gomes LR, Provance DW, Nirello VD, Sodero ACR, Guedes HLDM. Small Angle X-ray Scattering, Molecular Modeling, and Chemometric Studies from a Thrombin-Like (Lmr-47) Enzyme of Lachesis m. rhombeata Venom. Molecules 2021; 26:3930. [PMID: 34203140 PMCID: PMC8271572 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Snakebite envenomation is considered a neglected tropical disease, and SVTLEs critical elements are involved in serious coagulopathies that occur on envenoming. Although some enzymes of this group have been structurally investigated, it is essential to characterize other proteins to better understand their unique properties such as the Lachesis muta rhombeata 47 kDa (Lmr-47) venom serine protease. METHODS The structure of Lmr-47 was studied in solution, using SAXS, DLS, CD, and in silico by homology modeling. Molecular docking experiments simulated 21 competitive inhibitors. RESULTS At pH 8.0, Lmr-47 has an Rg of 34.5 ± 0.6 Å, Dmax of 130 Å, and SR of 50 Å, according to DLS data. Kratky plot analysis indicates a rigid shape at pH 8.0. Conversely, the pH variation does not change the center of mass's intrinsic fluorescence, possibly indicating the absence of fluorescent amino acids in the regions affected by pH variation. CD experiments show a substantially random coiled secondary structure not affected by pH. The low-resolution model of Lmr-47 presented a prolate elongated shape at pH 8.0. Using the 3D structure obtained by molecular modeling, docking experiments identified five good and three suitable competitive inhibitors. CONCLUSION Together, our work provided insights into the structure of the Lmr-47 and identified inhibitors that may enhance our understanding of thrombin-like family proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Giovanni De-Simone
- FIOCRUZ, Center of Technological Development in Health (CDTS), National Institute of Science and Technology for Innovation on Neglected Diseases Population (INCT-IDPN), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (G.C.L.); (P.N.-P.); (L.R.G.); (D.W.P.J.)
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Biology Institute, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói 24020-141, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Curty Lechuga
- FIOCRUZ, Center of Technological Development in Health (CDTS), National Institute of Science and Technology for Innovation on Neglected Diseases Population (INCT-IDPN), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (G.C.L.); (P.N.-P.); (L.R.G.); (D.W.P.J.)
| | - Paloma Napoleão-Pêgo
- FIOCRUZ, Center of Technological Development in Health (CDTS), National Institute of Science and Technology for Innovation on Neglected Diseases Population (INCT-IDPN), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (G.C.L.); (P.N.-P.); (L.R.G.); (D.W.P.J.)
| | - Larissa Rodrigues Gomes
- FIOCRUZ, Center of Technological Development in Health (CDTS), National Institute of Science and Technology for Innovation on Neglected Diseases Population (INCT-IDPN), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (G.C.L.); (P.N.-P.); (L.R.G.); (D.W.P.J.)
| | - David William Provance
- FIOCRUZ, Center of Technological Development in Health (CDTS), National Institute of Science and Technology for Innovation on Neglected Diseases Population (INCT-IDPN), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (G.C.L.); (P.N.-P.); (L.R.G.); (D.W.P.J.)
- Interdisciplinary Medical Research Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute/FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil;
| | - Vinícius Dias Nirello
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal of Rio de Janeiro University, Rio de Janeiro 21949-900, Brazil; (V.D.N.); (A.C.R.S.)
| | - Ana Carolina Rennó Sodero
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal of Rio de Janeiro University, Rio de Janeiro 21949-900, Brazil; (V.D.N.); (A.C.R.S.)
| | - Herbert Leonel de Mattos Guedes
- Interdisciplinary Medical Research Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute/FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil;
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Federal of Rio de Janeiro University, Duque de Caxias 25245-390, Brazil
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De-Simone SG, Provance DW. Lectin Affinity Chromatography: An Efficient Method to Purify Horse IgG3. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2178:301-310. [PMID: 33128757 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0775-6_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Affinity chromatography is a separation method based on a specific binding interaction between an immobilized ligand and its binding partner. An important class of ligands for the effective separation and purification of biotechnologically important substances is lectins, a group of naturally occurring molecules widely found in plants that display a range of specificities to bind different sugars. As sugars are often added to proteins through the process of glycosylation, ∼1/3 of all genetically encoded proteins are glycosylated, numerous cognate pairs of lectins with glycosylation groups have been discovered. Their specific binding interactions have not only allowed the development of numerous methodological strategies involving immobilized lectins to isolate molecules of interests but also for understanding the intermolecular interactions and alterations in glycosylation during a diverse set of biological phenomena, including tumor cell metastasis, intracellular communication, and inflammation. In this chapter, we describe a basic procedure for the separation of horse antibody classes by affinity chromatography based on differences in their glycosylation patterns. This procedure has been utilized for the purification of horse IgG3 (hoIgG3) from other six Ig from equine sera in a single step by using an Artocarpus integrifolia Jacalin column. This class of antibody comprises the therapeutic fraction generated in equine for passive antibody therapy and can serve as a biomarker for patient hypersensitivity. During the course of developing the protocol, the affinity interaction constant between the huIgE-hypersensitive immunoglobulin and the purified hoIgG3 was also determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore G De-Simone
- FIOCRUZ, Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS)/National Institute of Science and Technology for Innovation on Neglected of Population Diseases (INCT-INDP), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. .,FIOCRUZ, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Laboratory of Experimental and Computational Biochemistry of Pharmaceuticals, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. .,Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Biology Institute, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
| | - David W Provance
- FIOCRUZ, Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS)/National Institute of Science and Technology for Innovation on Neglected of Population Diseases (INCT-INDP), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,FIOCRUZ, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Interdisciplinar Laboratory of Medical Research, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Lim DS, Park JE, Park JW, Cho YH, Park JK, Lee JS. Cloning, purification and characterization of a recombinant protease with novel thrombolytic activity in human plasma and rat thrombosis models. Thromb Res 2020; 191:57-65. [PMID: 32388190 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2020.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a need to identify and develop novel thrombolytic agents that can directly digest fibrin clots from various biological resources. OBJECTIVE To clone, express, purify, and characterize a recombinant protease named rvFMP capable of cleaving fibrinogen, fibrin polymer, and cross-linked fibrin in human plasma milieu and rat thrombosis model systems. RESULTS We cloned a vFMP-encoding gene from the genomic DNA of V. furnissii KCCM41679 using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), expressed in Escherichia coli, and purified rvFMP (stands for recombinant vibrio furnissii metalloprotease). The proteolytic activity of purified rvFMP enzyme could be clearly inhibited by 1,10-phenanthroline and ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid, but not by diisopropyl fluorophosphate, suggesting that it can be a typical metalloprotease. rvFMP showed an effective proteolytic activity in cleaving cross-linked fibrins in human plasma milieu. Remarkably, rvFMP exhibited a clear thrombolytic activity in rat thrombosis models such as ferric chloride-exposed rat carotid artery and carrageenan-treated rat tail. However, rvFMP (1.5 mg/kg) evoked no internal bleeding and also showed no lethal effect in mice. The recombinant enzyme also showed no cytotoxicity and had an inability to induce tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in Raw264.7 cells. CONCLUSION rvFMP can be a candidate enzyme capable of being developed as a novel direct-acting thrombolytic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do Sung Lim
- Department of Biomedical Science, BK21-plus Research Team for Bioactive Control Technology, National Research Center for Dementia, College of Natural Sciences, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Eun Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, BK21-plus Research Team for Bioactive Control Technology, National Research Center for Dementia, College of Natural Sciences, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Woo Park
- Department of Agricultural Biology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong Hee Cho
- Department of Biomedical Science, BK21-plus Research Team for Bioactive Control Technology, National Research Center for Dementia, College of Natural Sciences, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Kun Park
- Research Institute for Basic Science and Division of Biological Science, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Sup Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, BK21-plus Research Team for Bioactive Control Technology, National Research Center for Dementia, College of Natural Sciences, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea.
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Khursade PS, Galande SH, Shiva Krishna P, Prakasham R. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Gd2: A potential and novel isolate for fibrinolytic enzyme production. Saudi J Biol Sci 2019; 26:1567-1575. [PMID: 31762628 PMCID: PMC6864133 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2018.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The bacterium with an ability to produce extracellular fibrinolytic protease was isolated and identified as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Gd2 based on ribotyping. The in-vitro fibrinolytic profile of this enzyme depicted 73% of fibrin clot dissolution within 4 h. Fibrinolytic enzyme yield influenced by different physiological (incubation time, temperature, agitation and pH), nutritional (macronutrients such as carbon and nitrogen sources) and biological (inoculums age and inoculums concentration) parameters of fermentation which were optimized based on one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) approach. The enzyme yield improved from 886 to 1795 FU ml-1 upon OFAT; optimized conditions include temperature - 33 °C, pH - 8.0, incubation time - 36 h, agitation - 150 RPM, 3% v/v inoculums and age of inoculum - 18 h. Further optimization of enzyme production was achieved with implementation of Plackett-Burman media designing where the production levels increased to 3411 FU ml-1 and noticed that peptone, pH, dextrose and K2HPO4 was found to be significant factor. This ms reports the highest fibrinolytic enzyme yield with S. maltophilia to that of literature reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parag S. Khursade
- Organic Synthesis & Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-IICT Campus, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Sneha H. Galande
- Organic Synthesis & Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-IICT Campus, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - P. Shiva Krishna
- Department of Micro Biology, Kakatiya University, Warangal 506009, India
| | - R.S. Prakasham
- Organic Synthesis & Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, India
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Li S, Wang L, Lin S, Yang J, Ma Z, Wang Y, Liu J, Hao J, Sun M. Rapid and efficient one-step purification of a serralysin family protease by using a p-aminobenzamidine-modified affinity medium. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:1960-1965. [PMID: 28304138 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201601375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Revised: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The metalloproteinase MP belongs to the serralysin family, which is involved in important functions such as nutrient acquisition and infection pathogenesis. Serralysin proteases in highly purified form are commonly used at the industrial level with several purposes. In this study, we set up an efficient and rapid purification protocol for MP using a p-aminobenzamidine-modified affinity chromatography. The affinity medium was synthesized by using p-aminobenzamidine as affinity ligand immobilized via cyanuric chloride spacer to Sepharose 6B sorbent carrier. According to the adsorption analysis, the dissociation constant Kd and theoretical maximum adsorption Qmax of this medium were 24.2 μg/mL and 24.1 mg/g wet sorbent, respectively. The purity of MP was assessed by a high-performance liquid chromatography on a TSK3000SW column and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, revealing values of 98.7 and ∼98%, respectively. The specific activity of purified MP was 95.6 U/mg, which is similar to values obtained through traditional purification protocols. In conclusion, our protocol could be easily employed for the rapid isolation of MP with high purity, and could be implemented for other serralysin family proteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangyong Li
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, P. R China
| | - Linna Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, P. R China
| | - Shengxiang Lin
- Laboratory of Oncology and Molecular Endocrinology, CHUL Research Center (CHUQ) and Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Juan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, P. R China
| | - Zibin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, P. R China
| | - Yuejun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, P. R China
| | - Junzhong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, P. R China
| | - Jianhua Hao
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, P. R China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, P. R China
| | - Mi Sun
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, P. R China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, P. R China
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Inácio FD, Ferreira RO, de Araujo CAV, Brugnari T, Castoldi R, Peralta RM, de Souza CGM. Proteases of Wood Rot Fungi with Emphasis on the Genus Pleurotus. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:290161. [PMID: 26180792 PMCID: PMC4477095 DOI: 10.1155/2015/290161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Proteases are present in all living organisms and they play an important role in physiological conditions. Cell growth and death, blood clotting, and immune defense are all examples of the importance of proteases in maintaining homeostasis. There is growing interest in proteases due to their use for industrial purposes. The search for proteases with specific characteristics is designed to reduce production costs and to find suitable properties for certain industrial sectors, as well as good producing organisms. Ninety percent of commercialized proteases are obtained from microbial sources and proteases from macromycetes have recently gained prominence in the search for new enzymes with specific characteristics. The production of proteases from saprophytic basidiomycetes has led to the identification of various classes of proteases. The genus Pleurotus has been extensively studied because of its ligninolytic enzymes. The characteristics of this genus are easy cultivation techniques, high yield, low nutrient requirements, and excellent adaptation. There are few studies in the literature about proteases of Pleurotus spp. This review gathers together information about proteases, especially those derived from basidiomycetes, and aims at stimulating further research about fungal proteases because of their physiological importance and their application in various industries such as biotechnology and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabíola Dorneles Inácio
- Laboratory of Biochemistry of Microorganisms, Department of Biochemistry, State University of Maringá, Avenue Colombo 5790, 87015-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil
- Federal Institute of Paraná, Campus Jacarezinho, Avenue Doutor Tito s/n, Jardim Panorama, 86400-000 Jacarezinho, PR, Brazil
| | - Roselene Oliveira Ferreira
- Laboratory of Biochemistry of Microorganisms, Department of Biochemistry, State University of Maringá, Avenue Colombo 5790, 87015-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Caroline Aparecida Vaz de Araujo
- Laboratory of Biochemistry of Microorganisms, Department of Biochemistry, State University of Maringá, Avenue Colombo 5790, 87015-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Tatiane Brugnari
- Laboratory of Biochemistry of Microorganisms, Department of Biochemistry, State University of Maringá, Avenue Colombo 5790, 87015-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Rafael Castoldi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry of Microorganisms, Department of Biochemistry, State University of Maringá, Avenue Colombo 5790, 87015-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Rosane Marina Peralta
- Laboratory of Biochemistry of Microorganisms, Department of Biochemistry, State University of Maringá, Avenue Colombo 5790, 87015-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Cristina Giatti Marques de Souza
- Laboratory of Biochemistry of Microorganisms, Department of Biochemistry, State University of Maringá, Avenue Colombo 5790, 87015-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil
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Moon SM, Kim JS, Kim HJ, Choi MS, Park BR, Kim SG, Ahn H, Chun HS, Shin YK, Kim JJ, Kim DK, Lee SY, Seo YW, Kim YH, Kim CS. Purification and characterization of a novel fibrinolytic α chymotrypsin like serine metalloprotease from the edible mushroom, Lyophyllum shimeji. J Biosci Bioeng 2014; 117:544-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2013.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Revised: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Biochemical characteristics of a fibrinolytic enzyme purified from a marine bacterium, Bacillus subtilis HQS-3. Int J Biol Macromol 2013; 62:124-30. [PMID: 24004684 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.08.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A fibrinolytic enzyme isolated from marine Bacillus subtilis HQS-3 was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity using ammonium sulphate precipitation, alkaline solution treatment, membrane concentration, dialysis, ion exchange, and gel filtration chromatography. SDS-PAGE and gel filtration chromatography showed that it was a monomeric protein with an apparent molecular weight of 26 kDa. The purified enzyme was active at pH 6.0-10.0 with an optimum pH of 8.0. It was stable at temperatures ranging from 25 to 37 °C, exhibiting maximum activity between 45 °C and 50 °C. The isoelectric point of the enzyme was 9.0-9.2, which was higher than those of other known fibrinolytic enzymes from Bacillus species. PMSF, EDTA, Cu(2+), Zn(2+), and Co(2+) inhibited the enzyme activity significantly. This enzyme did not cause hemolysis in vitro and preferred direct degradation of fibrin in the following order: α, β, and γ-γ chains. Thus, these results suggest that the marine-derived enzyme is a plasmin-like serine metalloprotease, which is distinct from other fibrinolytic enzymes from genus Bacillus.
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Torres-Huaco FD, Werneck CC, Vicente CP, Vassequi-Silva T, Nery-Diez ACC, Mendes CB, Antunes E, Marangoni S, Damico DCS. Rapid purification and procoagulant and platelet aggregating activities of Rhombeobin: a thrombin-like/gyroxin-like enzyme from Lachesis muta rhombeata snake venom. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:903292. [PMID: 24058917 PMCID: PMC3766598 DOI: 10.1155/2013/903292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report a rapid purification method using one-step chromatography of SVSP Rhombeobin (LMR-47) from Lachesis muta rhombeata venom and its procoagulant activities and effects on platelet aggregation. The venom was fractionated by a single chromatographic step in RP-HPLC on a C8 Discovery BIO Wide Pore, showing high degree of molecular homogeneity with molecular mass of 47035.49 Da. Rhombeobin showed amidolytic activity upon BA ρ NA, with a broad optimum pH (7-10) and was stable in solution up to 60°C. The amidolytic activity was inhibited by serine proteinase inhibitors and reducing agents, but not chelating agents. Rhombeobin showed high coagulant activity on mice plasma and bovine fibrinogen. The deduced amino acid sequence of Rhombeobin showed homology with other SVSPs, especially with LM-TL (L. m. muta) and Gyroxin (C. d. terrificus). Rhombeobin acts, in vitro, as a strong procoagulant enzyme on mice citrated plasma, shortening the APTT and PT tests in adose-dependent manner. The protein showed, "ex vivo", a strong defibrinogenating effect with 1 µg/animal. Lower doses activated the intrinsic and extrinsic coagulation pathways and impaired the platelet aggregation induced by ADP. Thus, this is the first report of a venom component that produces a venom-induced consumptive coagulopathy (VICC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Denis Torres-Huaco
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), P.O. Box 6109, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Cláudio C. Werneck
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), P.O. Box 6109, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Cristina Pontes Vicente
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), P.O. Box 6109, 13083-865 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Talita Vassequi-Silva
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), P.O. Box 6109, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Cláudia Coelho Nery-Diez
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), P.O. Box 6109, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Camila B. Mendes
- Department of Pharmacology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), P.O. Box 6109, 13083-887 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Edson Antunes
- Department of Pharmacology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), P.O. Box 6109, 13083-887 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Marangoni
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), P.O. Box 6109, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniela C. S. Damico
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), P.O. Box 6109, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Park JW, Park JE, Choi HK, Jung TW, Yoon SM, Lee JS. Purification and characterization of three thermostable alkaline fibrinolytic serine proteases from the polychaete Cirriformia tentaculata. Process Biochem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2013.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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13
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Immobilization of Lipase from Grey Mullet. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2012; 168:2105-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-012-9921-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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14
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Lacerda DI, Cysne-Finkelstein L, Nunes MP, De-Luca PM, Genestra MDS, Leon LLP, Berrêdo-Pinho M, Mendonça-Lima L, Matos DCDS, Medeiros MA, Mendonça SCFD. Kinetoplastid membrane protein-11 exacerbates infection with Leishmania amazonensis in murine macrophages. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2012; 107:238-45. [DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762012000200014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2011] [Accepted: 12/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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15
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Purification of tropomyosin, paramyosin, actin, tubulin, troponin and kinases for chemiproteomics and its application to different scientific fields. PLoS One 2011; 6:e22860. [PMID: 21876731 PMCID: PMC3158061 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0022860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2011] [Accepted: 06/30/2011] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND p-aminobenzamidine (p-ABA) is used as a ligand in the purification of many serine proteases and in their removal from heterogeneous samples. Moreover, p-ABA has a potent ability to bind Ca(2+)-binding proteins. The binding ability and use of p-ABA in purification processes is still not fully understood. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS A p-Aminobenzamidine (p-ABA) ligand enabled the purification of the panallergenic proteins tropomyosin and paramyosin, as well as actin, tubulin, troponin and several kinases and annexins, with variable specificity depending on the tissue source and slight modifications to the purification process. The high affinity of p-ABA to tropomyosin, paramyosin, actin, troponin and myosin is calcium-dependent, since calcium regulates the function of these proteins. In addition, p-ABA probably simulates phosphorylated serine and therefore purified appropriate kinases. Because p-ABA binds to calcium-dependent proteins, and probably those with binding sites containing serine, it is not a suitable inhibitor of proteolysis during the purification of such proteins. p-ABA is widely used to inhibit proteases during protein purification processes, but it is used in columns here to purify non-protease proteins. Two strategies were applied; the first was the inactivation of proteases that were not of interest using protease inhibitors. The second strategy employed was the use of a Ca(2+) wash solution to remove calcium-dependent proteins. The removal of calcium-dependent proteins from rabbit hind muscle pointed out even more selective purification. It is possible to obtain two purified samples: a) calcium dependent proteins and b) calcium independent proteins. Moreover, p-ABA may be useful as a model to study processes involving the phosphorylation of serine. CONCLUSION A p-Aminobenzamidine (p-ABA) ligand enabled the purification of non-protease proteins, with variable specificity depending on the tissue source and slight modifications to the purification process. The method is applicable to various scientific branches, but is especially practical for medicinal applications.
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Wang S, Deng Z, Li Q, Ge X, Bo Q, Liu J, Cui J, Jiang X, Liu J, Zhang L, Hong M. A novel alkaline serine protease with fibrinolytic activity from the polychaete, Neanthes japonica. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2011; 159:18-25. [PMID: 21276864 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2011.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2010] [Revised: 01/20/2011] [Accepted: 01/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A new protease named NJP with fibrinolytic activity was isolated from Neanthes japonica (Izuka), by a combination of ammonium sulfate fractionation, hydrophobic chromatography, ion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration. The molecular mass of NJP was approximately 28.6-33.5kDa as estimated by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and SDS-PAGE, which revealed a monomeric form of the protease. The isoelectric point of NJP determined by 2-DE was 9.2. NJP was stable in the range of pH 7.0-11.0 with a maximum enzymatic activity at 40°C and pH 9.0. The hydrolyzing activity of NJP on fibrinogen started from the Aα-chain, followed by the Bβ-chain, and the γ-chain at last. NJP had also a higher specificity for the chromogenic substrate S-2238 for thrombin. NJP activity was completely inhibited by PMSF. Analysis of partial amino acid sequences showed that NJP had very low homology with other known fibrinolytic enzymes. These results indicate that NJP is a novel alkaline thrombin-like serine protease. Thus NJP may have potential applications in the prevention and treatment of thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohua Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin, China
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17
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Uesugi Y, Usuki H, Iwabuchi M, Hatanaka T. Highly potent fibrinolytic serine protease from Streptomyces. Enzyme Microb Technol 2011; 48:7-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2010.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2010] [Revised: 07/26/2010] [Accepted: 08/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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18
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Uesugi Y, Kawata H, Jo JI, Saito Y, Tabata Y. An ultrasound-responsive nano delivery system of tissue-type plasminogen activator for thrombolytic therapy. J Control Release 2010; 147:269-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2010.07.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2010] [Revised: 07/21/2010] [Accepted: 07/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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19
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Pereira HJV, Salgado MCO, Oliveira EB. Immobilized analogues of sunflower trypsin inhibitor-1 constitute a versatile group of affinity sorbents for selective isolation of serine proteases. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2009; 877:2039-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2008] [Revised: 04/07/2009] [Accepted: 05/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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20
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Silva FP, Alexandre GMC, Ramos CHI, De-Simone SG. On the quaternary structure of a C-type lectin from Bothrops jararacussu venom--BJ-32 (BjcuL). Toxicon 2008; 52:944-53. [PMID: 18948130 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2008.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2008] [Revised: 09/24/2008] [Accepted: 10/07/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BJ-32 (also known as BjcuL) is a C-type lectin from the venom of Bothrops jararacussu with specificity for beta-galactosides and a remarkable ability to agglutinate several species of trypanosomatids. Our objective was to study the oligomerization state of native BJ-32 by using different biophysical and computational methods. Small-angle X-ray light scattering (SAXS) experiments disclosed a compact, globular protein with a radius of gyration of 36.72+/-0.04A and molecular weight calculated as 147.5+/-2.0kDa. From analytical ultracentrifugation analysis, it was determined that the BJ-32 sedimentation profile fits nicely to a decamer model. The analysis of the intrinsic emitted fluorescence spectra for BJ-32 solutions indicated that association of subunits in the decamer is accompanied by changes in the environment of Tryptophan residues. Both ab initio and comparative models of BJ-32 supported the resemblance of the decamer in the crystallographic structure from a close homologue, the rattlesnake venom lectin (RSL) from Crotalus atrox.
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Affiliation(s)
- F P Silva
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Proteínas e Peptídeos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Av Brasil 4365, 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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21
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Affinity-purification of fibrinogenase with high proteolytic activity from Agkistrodon halys (Chinese) Venom. Arch Pharm Res 2008; 31:1129-36. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-001-1279-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2008] [Revised: 09/02/2008] [Accepted: 09/04/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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22
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Kim JS, Kim JE, Choi BS, Park SE, Sapkota K, Kim S, Lee HH, Kim CS, Park Y, Kim MK, Kim YS, Kim SJ. Purification and characterization of fibrinolytic metalloprotease from Perenniporia fraxinea mycelia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 112:990-8. [PMID: 18550350 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycres.2008.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2007] [Revised: 01/22/2008] [Accepted: 01/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study we purified and characterized a fibrinolytic protease from the mycelia of Perenniporia fraxinea. The apparent molecular mass of the purified enzyme was estimated to be 42kDa by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), fibrin zymography and size exclusion using fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC). The first 20 amino acid residues of the N-terminal sequence were ASYRVLPITKELLPPEFFVA, which shows a high degree of similarity with a fungalysin metallopeptidase from Coprinopsis cinerea. The optimal reaction pH value and temperature were pH 6.0 and 35-40 degrees C, respectively. Results for the fibrinolysis pattern showed that the protease rapidly hydrolyzed the fibrin alpha-chain followed by the beta-chain. The gamma-gamma chains were also hydrolyzed, but more slowly. The purified protease effectively hydrolyzed fibrinogen, preferentially digesting the Aalpha-chains of fibrinogen, followed by Bbeta- and gamma-chains. We found that protease activity was inhibited by Cu(2+), Fe(3+), and Zn(2+), but enhanced by the additions of Mn(2+), Mg(2+) and Ca(2+) metal ions. Furthermore, the protease activity was inhibited by EDTA, and it was found to exhibit a higher specificity for the chromogenic substrate S-2586 for chymotrypsin, indicating that the enzyme is a chymotrypsin-like metalloprotease. The mycelia of P. fraxinea may thus represent a source of new therapeutic agents to treat thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Sung Kim
- Department of Biotechnology and BK21 Research Team for Protein Activity Control, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea
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23
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Guedes HLM, Silva FP, Netto CC, de Salles CMC, Alexandre G, Oliveira CLP, Torriani I, De Simone SG. Structural characterization and low-resolution model of BJ-48, a thrombin-like enzyme from Bothrops jararacussu venom. Biophys Chem 2007; 132:159-64. [PMID: 18069115 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2007.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2007] [Revised: 11/08/2007] [Accepted: 11/08/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Thrombin-like enzymes (TLEs) are important components of snake venoms due to their involvement in coagulopathies occurring on envenoming. Structural characterization of this group of serine proteases is of utmost importance for better understanding their unique properties. However, the high carbohydrate content of some members of this group prevents successful crystallization for structural determination. Circumventing this difficulty, the structure of BJ-48, a highly glycosylated TLE from Bothrops jararacussu venom, was studied in solution. At pH 8.0, where the enzyme displays maximum activity, BJ-48 has a radius of gyration (Rg) of 37 A and a maximum dimension (D(max)) of 130 A as measured by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and a Stokes radius (SR) of 50 A according to dynamic light scattering (DLS) data. At the naturally more acidic pH (6.0) of the B. jararacussu venom BJ-48 behaves as a more compact particle as evidenced by SAXS (R(g)=27.9 A and D(max)=82 A) and DLS (SR=30 A) data. In addition, Kratky plot analysis indicates a rigid shape at pH 8.0 and a flexible shape at pH 6.0. On the other hand, the center of mass of intrinsic fluorescence was not changed while varying pH, possibly indicating the absence of fluorescent amino acids in the regions affected by pH variation. Circular dichroism experiments carried out with BJ-48 indicate a substantially random coiled secondary structure that is not affected by pH. Low-resolution model of BJ-48 presented a prolate elongated shape at pH 8.0 and a U-shape at 6.0. BJ-48 tertiary structure at pH 6.0 was maintained on heating up to 52 degrees C and was completely lost at 75 degrees C. The possible existence of two pH-induced folding states for BJ-48 and its importance for the biological role and stability of this enzyme was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert L M Guedes
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Proteínas e Peptídeos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, RJ, Brazil
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24
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Xin Y, Dong D, Wang T, Li R. Affinity purification of serine proteinase from Deinagkistrodon acutus venom. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2007; 859:111-8. [PMID: 17904430 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2007.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2007] [Revised: 09/03/2007] [Accepted: 09/10/2007] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
An affinity protocol was developed for the preparation of the main serine proteinase from Deinagkistrodon acutus venom on industrial scales. As affinity ligand, l-arginine was composed to medium and its structure was confirmed by ESI-MS analysis. The purification process consisted of one major affinity chromatography step to remove more than 95% of other proteins, and a polishing step of DEAE ion-exchange chromatography for removal of minor contaminants. The serine proteinase was 100% pure analyzed on HPLC Vydac C4 column, 99.4% on TSK G3000SW column, and 97.7% with SDS-PAGE analysis. The yield of the main serine proteinase was 3.6% of crude venom protein, the recoveries of typical fibrinogen (Fg) clotting activity and arginine esterase activity of serine proteinase were 82.2% and 84%, higher than those of other reported traditional protocols, the proteinase also showed arginine amidase activity. Reducing SDS-PAGE analysis showed that the arginine esterase was a single polypeptide with the mass of approximately 40 kDa, while MALDI-TOF-TOF-MS analysis showed that the purified proteinase should be a approximately 34 kDa glycoprotein. The desorption constant Kd and the theoretical maximum absorption Qmax on the affinity medium were 9.93 x 10(-5) and 38.1mg/g medium in absorption analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xin
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
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25
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Silva-Junior FP, Guedes HLM, Garvey LC, Aguiar AS, Bourguignon SC, Di Cera E, Giovanni-De-Simone S. BJ-48, a novel thrombin-like enzyme from the Bothrops jararacussu venom with high selectivity for Arg over Lys in P1: Role of N-glycosylation in thermostability and active site accessibility. Toxicon 2007; 50:18-31. [PMID: 17433397 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2007.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2007] [Revised: 02/09/2007] [Accepted: 02/19/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BJ-48, a serine protease from the venom of Bothrops jararacussu, was purified to homogeneity using affinity chromatography on p-aminobenzamidine-agarose followed by HPLC gel filtration. BJ-48 presented 52kDa by SDS-PAGE analysis and 48,036Da by electron spray mass spectrometry. The enzyme was shown to be highly glycosylated with 42% of N-linked carbohydrates composed of Fuc(1):GalN(4):GlcN(5):Gal(1):Man(2) and a high content of sialic acid residues (8-12%). BJ-48 had optimal esterase activity at pH 7.5 and displayed maximum catalytic rate at 50 degrees C. Its hydrolytic activity was strongly inhibited by aprotinin and dithiothreitol while N-tosyl-l-phenylalanine chloromethyl ketone, 6-aminocaproic acid, E-64 and soybean trypsin inhibitor (SBTI) were ineffective. The kinetics of BJ-48 with chromogenic substrates revealed an unprecedented selectivity (10(4)-fold) for Arg over Lys in P1. BJ-48 proved to be a thrombin-like enzyme (TLE) with a specific fibrinogen-clotting activity of 73.4NIH units/mg. The TLE rapidly digested human fibrinogen Bbeta chain, but the Aalpha chain was cleaved specifically to release fibrinopeptide A with k(cat)/K(m)=2.1 microM(-1)s(-1). The TLE showed no activity toward other thrombin substrates like protein C, protease-activated receptor-1 or inhibitors such as hirudin and antithrombin. A non-denaturing procedure using PNGase F and neuraminidase followed by hydrophobic interaction chromatography was employed to obtain active BJ-48 forms with variable carbohydrate content. Compared to the native enzyme, total or partially deglycosylated BJ-48 forms presented up to 2-fold reduction in their specific activities upon heating at 55/65 degrees C or treatment with SBTI. These results point out a role for BJ-48 glycosylation in thermostability and controlling the access of some canonical protein inhibitors to the active site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floriano P Silva-Junior
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Proteínas e Peptídeos, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Av. Brasil 4365, 21045 900 RJ, Brazil
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26
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Wang CT, Ji BP, Li B, Nout R, Li PL, Ji H, Chen LF. Purification and characterization of a fibrinolytic enzyme of Bacillus subtilis DC33, isolated from Chinese traditional Douchi. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2006; 33:750-8. [PMID: 16575557 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-006-0111-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2005] [Accepted: 02/08/2006] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus subtilis DC33 producing a novel fibrinolytic enzyme was isolated from Ba-bao Douchi, a traditional soybean-fermented food in China. The strong fibrin-specific enzyme subtilisin FS33 was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity using the combination of various chromatographic steps. The optimum temperature, pH value, and pI of subtilisin FS33 were 55 degrees C, 8.0, and 8.7, respectively. The molecular weight was 30 kDa measured by SDS-PAGE under both reducing and non-reducing conditions. The enzyme showed a level of fibrinolytic activity that was about six times higher than that of subtilisin Carlsberg. The first 15 amino acid residues of N-terminal sequence of the enzyme were A-Q-S-V-P-Y-G-I-P-Q-I-K-A-P-A, which are different from that of other known fibrinolytic enzymes. The amidolytic activities of subtilisin FS33 were inhibited completely by 5 mM phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) and 1 mM soybean trypsin inhibitor (SBTI), but 1,4-dithiothreitol (DTT), beta-mercaptoethanol, and p-hydroxymercuribenzoate (PHMB) did not affect the enzyme activity; serine and tryptophan are thus essential in the active site of the enzyme. The highest affinity of subtilisin FS33 was towards N-Succ-Ala-Ala-Pro-Phe-pNA. Therefore, the enzyme was considered to be a subtilisin-like serine protease. The fibrinolytic enzyme had a high degrading activity for the Bbeta-chains and Aalpha-chain of fibrin(ogen), and also acted on thrombotic and fibrinolytic factors of blood, such as plasminogen, urokinase, thrombin, and kallikrein. So subtilisin FS33 was able to degrade fibrin clots in two ways, i.e., (a) by forming active plasmin from plasminogen and (b) by direct fibrinolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Tao Wang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, East Campus, Beijing, China
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27
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De-Simone SG, Netto CC, Silva FP. Simple affinity chromatographic procedure to purify β-galactoside binding lectins. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2006; 838:135-8. [PMID: 16750943 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2006.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2005] [Revised: 02/13/2006] [Accepted: 02/17/2006] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Affinity chromatography based on the commercial resin Sepharose CL-6B was used to isolate new C1-beta-type lectins from crude preparations of snake venoms (Bothrops jararaca, Bothrops jararacussu, Bothrops newiedi, Bothrops moojeni, Lachesis muta rhombeata). Most of the C-type lectins could be eluted with almost 100% recovery using the competitor isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactoside (IPTG) or through Ca2+ sequestration with EDTA. The lectin yield varied considerably among the different snake species, but B. newiedi venom was a particularly rich source of lectin, retaining 2.7 mg of lectin by milliliter of resin in saturating conditions. C1-alpha-lectins from Crotalus durisus terrificus venom, from the jack fruit (jacalin) and from bread fruit seeds extract (frutalin) had no affinity, either with or without Ca2+ added, for Sepharose CL-6B, showing that the resin is specific for C1-beta-type lectins. Sepharose CL-6B used as galactose-affinity chromatography provides a simple and fast method for isolating C-type beta-galactoside binding lectins from crude sample preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G De-Simone
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Proteínas e Peptídeos, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Av Brasil 4365, 21045-900 RJ, Brazil.
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