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Johny A, Ivanova L, Knutsdatter Østbye TK, Fæste CK. Biotransformation of phytoestrogens from soy in enzymatically characterized liver microsomes and primary hepatocytes of Atlantic salmon. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 197:110611. [PMID: 32294595 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Efficient aquaculture is depending on sustainable protein sources. The shortage in marine raw materials has initiated a shift to "green aquafeeds" based on staple ingredients such as soy and wheat. Plant-based diets entail new challenges regarding fish health, product quality and consumer risks due to the possible presence of chemical contaminants, natural toxins and bioactive compounds like phytoestrogens. Daidzein (DAI), genistein (GEN) and glycitein (GLY) are major soy isoflavones with considerable estrogenic activities, potentially interfering with the piscine endocrine system and affecting consumers after carry-over. In this context, information on isoflavone biotransformation in fish is crucial for risk evaluation. We have therefore isolated hepatic fractions of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), the most important species in Norwegian aquaculture, and used them to study isoflavone elimination and metabolite formation. The salmon liver microsomes and primary hepatocytes were characterized with respect to phase I cytochrome P450 (CYP) and phase II uridine-diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) enzyme activities using specific probe substrates, which allowed comparison to results in other species. DAI, GEN and GLY were effectively cleared by UGT. Based on the measurement of exact masses, fragmentation patterns, and retention times in liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry, we preliminarily identified the 7-O-glucuronides as the main metabolites in salmon, possibly produced by UGT1A1 and UGT1A9-like activities. In contrast, the production of oxidative metabolites by CYP was insignificant. Under optimized assay conditions, only small amounts of mono-hydroxylated DAI were detectable. These findings suggested that bioaccumulation of phytoestrogens in farmed salmon and consumer risks from soy-containing aquafeeds are unlikely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amritha Johny
- Toxinology Research Group, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, 0454, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Lada Ivanova
- Toxinology Research Group, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, 0454, Oslo, Norway.
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2
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Yong YF, Tan SC, Liew MWO, Yaacob NS. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method development for screening of potential tamoxifen-drug/herb interaction via in vitro cytochrome P450 inhibition assay. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1148:122148. [PMID: 32416571 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Screening for potential drug-drug interaction (DDI) or herb-drug interaction (HDI) using in vitro cytochrome P450 inhibition (IVCI) assays requires robust analytical methods with high sensitivity and reproducibility. Utilization of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) for analyte quantification is often hampered by the presence of non-volatile IVCI sample buffer constituents that often results in ion suppression. In this study, to enable screening of drug interactions involving tamoxifen (TAM) metabolism using IVCI-LC-MS/MS, a liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) method was developed and optimized for sample clean-up. Utilization of chloroform as extraction solvent and adjustment of sample pH to 11 was found to result in satisfactory recovery (>70%) and low ion suppression (<19%). A LC-MS/MS method was subsequently developed and validated for simultaneous quantification of major TAM metabolites, such as N-desmethyltamoxifen (NDT), endoxifen (EDF) and 4-hydroxytamoxifen (HTF) to enable IVCI sample analysis. Satisfactory separation of E-/Z-isomers of endoxifen with peak resolution (Rs) of 1.9 was achieved. Accuracy and precision of the method was verified within the linear range of 0-50 ng/mL for NDT, 0-25 ng/mL for HTF and 0-25 ng/mL for EDF (E/Z isomers). Inhibitory potency (IC50, Ki and mode of inhibition) of known CYP inhibitors and Strobilanthes crispus extract was then evaluated using the validated method. In summary, the results demonstrated applicability of the developed LLE and validated LC-MS/MS method for in vitro screening of DDI and HDI involving TAM metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y F Yong
- Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - S C Tan
- Usains Biomics Laboratory Testing Services Sdn. Bhd., Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Mervyn W O Liew
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Penang, Malaysia.
| | - N S Yaacob
- Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
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Yang S, Zhu Y, Fang X, Xu Y, Huang Y, An J, Huang Z. Pharmacokinetics of a novel microtubule inhibitor mHA11 in rats. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 308:235-243. [PMID: 31145889 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
mHA11, a 2-amino-4-phenyl-4H-chromene-3-carboxylate analog, is a microtubule-targeting agent discovered by our group through the modification of the Bcl-2 inhibitor HA14-1. mHA11 exhibits cytotoxicities against tumor cells with nM IC50 values, whereas it has only a minimal effect on normal cells. We explored the plasma pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution, and excretion of mHA11 in rats using a liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method. Next, we identified the metabolites of mHA11 and assessed the influence of cytochrome P450 (CYP) isozymes on mHA11 metabolism. We also examined the in vitro stability in rat plasma and rat liver microsomes (RLMs), the blood-to plasma (B/P) ratio, and the inhibitory effect on CYP isozyme activities. After oral administration at 5, 15, and 45 mg/kg, mHA11 was absorbed and eliminated rapidly. There was a linear correlation between the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC0-∞) and the dose (R2 = 0.983). The bioavailability of mHA11 was 4.1% at the oral dose of 15 mg/kg mHA11 was extensively distributed in various tissues and exhibited a high penetration into the brain. No significant parent drug was detected in urine or bile, and only 0.74% was recovered in feces, whereas two demethylated metabolites, M1 and M2, were found in the urine and feces, and further studies showed that CYP2C19 primarily contributed to metabolites formation. mHA11 was stable in rat plasma but degraded significantly in RLMs; its B/P ratio was 1.05 in rat blood. In addition, mHA11 dose-dependently inhibited the activities of rat CYP isozymes, including CYP1A2, CYP2C6, CYP2C11, CYP2D2, CYP2E1 and CYP3A2. The present study is the first report on the disposition of mHA11 in rats and provides important data for further research and development of this inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 119 Nansihuan Xilu Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Yinsong Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xiong Fang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yan Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yazi Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jing An
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
| | - Ziwei Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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Ma YL, Zhao F, Yin JT, Liang CJ, Niu XL, Qiu ZH, Zhang LT. Two Approaches for Evaluating the Effects of Galangin on the Activities and mRNA Expression of Seven CYP450. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24061171. [PMID: 30934565 PMCID: PMC6470853 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24061171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Galangin is a marker compound of honey and Alpinia officinarum Hance that exhibits great potential for anti-microbial, anti-diabetic, anti-obesity, anti-tumour and anti-inflammatory applications. Galangin is frequently consumed in combination with common clinical drugs. Here, we evaluated the effects of galangin on cytochrome P450 (CYP)-mediated metabolism, using two different approaches, to predict drug⁻drug interactions. Male Sprague Dawley rats were administered galangin daily for 8 weeks. A "cocktail-probes" approach was employed to evaluate the activities of different CYP450 enzymes. Blood samples of seven probe drugs were analysed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in positive and negative electrospray-ionisation modes. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated to identify statistical differences. CYP mRNA-expression levels were investigated in real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction experiments. The galangin-treated group showed significantly decreased AUC0⁻∞ and Cmax values for CYP1A2, and CYP2B3. The galangin-treated group showed significantly increased AUC0⁻∞ and Cmax values for CYP2C13 and CYP3A1. No significant influences were observed in the pharmacokinetic profiles of CYP2C11, CYP2D4 and CYP2E1. The mRNA-expression results were consistent with the pharmacokinetic results. Thus, CYP450 enzyme activities may be altered by long-term galangin administration, suggesting galangin to be a promising candidate molecule for enhancing oral drug bioavailability and chemoprevention and reversing multidrug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Ling Ma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China.
- National Clinical Drug Monitoring Center, Department of Pharmacy, Hebei Province General Center, Shijiazhuang 050051, China.
| | - Feng Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China.
| | - Jin-Tuo Yin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China.
| | - Cai-Juan Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China.
| | - Xiao-Li Niu
- National Clinical Drug Monitoring Center, Department of Pharmacy, Hebei Province General Center, Shijiazhuang 050051, China.
| | - Zhi-Hong Qiu
- National Clinical Drug Monitoring Center, Department of Pharmacy, Hebei Province General Center, Shijiazhuang 050051, China.
| | - Lan-Tong Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China.
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Kuzikov AV, Masamrekh RA, Archakov AI, Shumyantseva VV. Methods for Determination of Functional Activity of Cytochrome P450 Isoenzymes. BIOCHEMISTRY MOSCOW-SUPPLEMENT SERIES B-BIOMEDICAL CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990750818030046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Kuzikov AV, Masamrekh RA, Archakov AI, Shumyantseva VV. [Methods for determining of cytochrome P450 isozymes functional activity]. BIOMEDIT︠S︡INSKAI︠A︡ KHIMII︠A︡ 2018; 64:149-168. [PMID: 29723145 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20186402149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The review is dedicated to modern methods and technologies for determining of cytochrome P450 isozymes functional activity, such as absorbance and fluorescent spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Raman, Mossbauer, and X-ray spectroscopy, surface plasmon resonance (SPR), atomic force microscopy (AFM). Methods of molecular genetic analysis were reviewed from personalized medicine point of view. The use of chromate-mass-spectrometric methods for cytochrome P450-dependent catalytic reactions' products was discussed. The review covers modern electrochemical systems based on cytochrome P450 isozymes for their catalytic activity analysis, their use in practice and further development perspectives for experimental pharmacology, biotechnology and translational medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Kuzikov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University (RNRMU), Moscow, Russia
| | - R A Masamrekh
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University (RNRMU), Moscow, Russia
| | - A I Archakov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University (RNRMU), Moscow, Russia
| | - V V Shumyantseva
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University (RNRMU), Moscow, Russia
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Wu R, Xiao Z, Zhang X, Liu F, Zhou W, Zhang Y. The Cytochrome P450-Mediated Metabolism Alternation of Four Effective Lignans From Schisandra chinensis in Carbon Tetrachloride-Intoxicated Rats and Patients With Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:229. [PMID: 29593545 PMCID: PMC5861220 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
It is highly valuable to study the pharmacokinetics of herbal components under the pathological condition of liver dysfunction for safe and rational use of herbal medicines. In this study, the pharmacokinetic profiles of four effective lignans from Schisandra chinensis (SC), schisandrin, schisantherin A, deoxyshisandrin and γ-schisandrin, were investigated in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-intoxicated rats. The metabolism of the four lignans was also studied using microsomes from patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. In situ intestinal and hepatic perfusions were conducted to clarify the contributions from impairments of gut and liver on the pharmacokinetics of the four schisandra lignans in CCl4-intoxicated rats. The metabolism in rat and human liver microsomes and transport in Caco-2 monolayer cell model were studied to reveal the key factors for the in vivo disposition of the four lignans. When SC alcoholic extract was orally administrated to CCl4-intoxicated rat for a short term (4 days), the pharmacokinetics of four active SC lignans was significantly changed while its hepatotherapeutic effect was not obviously observed. The plasma concentrations of the four schisandra lignans were dramatically elevated compared with the control. The Cmax, AUC and MRT were all increased or prolonged significantly while parameter CLz/F was obviously reduced in rat pretreated with CCl4. In hepatic perfusion study and liver microsomes incubation, it was found that the hepatic metabolism of the four lignans was markedly decreased mainly due to the activity reduction of multiple CYP450 isoenzymes involved the metabolism, which, eventually, might lead to the alternation of their pharmacokinetic profiles in CCl4-intoxicated rats or patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. The pharmacokinetic studies of SC components in pathological situation of liver dysfunction are expected to provide useful data for rational and safe application of SC preparations in clinic or further pharmacological and toxicological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Department of Neuroimmunopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China.,Department of Pharmacy, 302 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyong Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Department of Neuroimmunopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaorui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Department of Neuroimmunopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Department of Neuroimmunopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Wenxia Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Department of Neuroimmunopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Yongxiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Department of Neuroimmunopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
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Schelstraete W, Devreese M, Croubels S. Storage stability study of porcine hepatic and intestinal cytochrome P450 isoenzymes by use of a newly developed and fully validated highly sensitive HPLC-MS/MS method. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:1833-1843. [PMID: 29327113 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0839-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Microsomes are an ideal medium to investigate cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzyme-mediated drug metabolism. However, before microsomes are prepared, tissues can be stored for a long time. Studies about the stability of these enzymes in porcine hepatic and intestinal tissues upon storage are lacking. To be able to investigate CYP450 stability in microsomes prepared from these tissues, a highly sensitive and rapid HPLC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of six CYP450 metabolites in incubation medium was developed and validated. The metabolites, paracetamol (CYP1A), 7-hydroxy-coumarin (CYP2A), 1-hydroxy-midazolam (CYP3A), 4-hydroxy-tolbutamide (CYP2C), dextrorphan (CYP2D), and 6-hydroxy-chlorzoxazone (CYP2E) were extracted with ethyl acetate at pH 1.0, followed by evaporation and separation on an Agilent Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18 column. The method was fully validated in a GLP-compliant laboratory according to European guidelines and was highly sensitive (LOQ = 0.25-2.5 ng/mL), selective, had good precision (RSD-within, 1.0-9.1%; RSD-between, 1.0-18.4%) and accuracy (within-run, 83.3-102%; between-run, 78.5-102%), and showed no relative signal suppression and enhancement. Consequently, this method was applied to study the stability of porcine hepatic and intestinal CYP450 isoenzymes when tissues were stored at - 80 °C. The results indicate that porcine CYP450 isoenzymes are stable in tissues at least up to 4 months when snap frozen and stored at - 80 °C. Moreover, the results indicate differences in porcine CYP450 stability compared to rat, rabbit, and fish CYP450, as observed by other research groups, hence stressing the importance to investigate the CYP450 stability of a specific species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wim Schelstraete
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Mathias Devreese
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Siska Croubels
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.
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Mi J, Zhao M, Yang S, Jia Y, Wang Y, Wang B, Jin J, Wang X, Xiao Q, Hu J, Li Y. Identification of cytochrome P450 isoforms involved in the metabolism of Syl930, a selective S1PR 1 agonist acting as a potential therapeutic agent for autoimmune encephalitis. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2017; 32:53-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Amano H, Kazamori D, Itoh K. Evaluation of the Effects of S-Allyl-L-cysteine, S-Methyl-L-cysteine, trans-S-1-Propenyl-L-cysteine, and Their N-Acetylated and S-Oxidized Metabolites on Human CYP Activities. Biol Pharm Bull 2017; 39:1701-1707. [PMID: 27725449 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b16-00449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Three major organosulfur compounds of aged garlic extract, S-allyl-L-cysteine (SAC), S-methyl-L-cysteine (SMC), and trans-S-1-propenyl-L-cysteine (S1PC), were examined for their effects on the activities of five major isoforms of human CYP enzymes: CYP1A2, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, and 3A4. The metabolite formation from probe substrates for the CYP isoforms was examined in human liver microsomes in the presence of organosulfur compounds at 0.01-1 mM by using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. Allicin, a major component of garlic, inhibited CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 activity by 21-45% at 0.03 mM. In contrast, a CYP2C9-catalyzed reaction was enhanced by up to 1.9 times in the presence of allicin at 0.003-0.3 mM. SAC, SMC, and S1PC had no effect on the activities of the five isoforms, except that S1PC inhibited CYP3A4-catalyzed midazolam 1'-hydroxylation by 31% at 1 mM. The N-acetylated metabolites of the three compounds inhibited the activities of several isoforms to a varying degree at 1 mM. N-Acetyl-S-allyl-L-cysteine and N-acetyl-S-methyl-L-cysteine inhibited the reactions catalyzed by CYP2D6 and CYP1A2, by 19 and 26%, respectively, whereas trans-N-acetyl-S-1-propenyl-L-cysteine showed weak to moderate inhibition (19-49%) of CYP1A2, 2C19, 2D6, and 3A4 activities. On the other hand, both the N-acetylated and S-oxidized metabolites of SAC, SMC, and S1PC had little effect on the reactions catalyzed by the five isoforms. These results indicated that SAC, SMC, and S1PC have little potential to cause drug-drug interaction due to CYP inhibition or activation in vivo, as judged by their minimal effects (IC50>1 mM) on the activities of five major isoforms of human CYP in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotaka Amano
- Drug Discovery Laboratory, Wakunaga Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
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11
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Li G, Huang K, Nikolic D, van Breemen RB. High-Throughput Cytochrome P450 Cocktail Inhibition Assay for Assessing Drug-Drug and Drug-Botanical Interactions. Drug Metab Dispos 2015; 43:1670-8. [PMID: 26285764 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.115.065987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Detection of drug-drug interactions is essential during the early stages of drug discovery and development, and the understanding of drug-botanical interactions is important for the safe use of botanical dietary supplements. Among the different forms of drug interactions that are known, inhibition of cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes is the most common cause of drug-drug or drug-botanical interactions. Therefore, a rapid and comprehensive mass spectrometry-based in vitro high-throughput P450 cocktail inhibition assay was developed that uses 10 substrates simultaneously against nine CYP isoforms. Including probe substrates for CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, and two probes targeting different binding sites of CYP3A4/5, this cocktail simultaneously assesses at least as many P450 enzymes as previous assays while remaining among the fastest due to short incubation times and rapid analysis using ultrahigh pressure liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The method was validated using known inhibitors of each P450 enzyme and then shown to be useful not only for single-compound testing but also for the evaluation of potential drug-botanical interactions using the botanical dietary supplement licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) as an example.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guannan Li
- University of Illinois at Chicago/National Institutes of Health Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ke Huang
- University of Illinois at Chicago/National Institutes of Health Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Dejan Nikolic
- University of Illinois at Chicago/National Institutes of Health Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Richard B van Breemen
- University of Illinois at Chicago/National Institutes of Health Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, Chicago, Illinois
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Vijayabhaskar V, Srivastava P, Rajagopal S. Breaking the sensitivity limitations of cytochrome P450 oxidation product: dansyl chloride derivatisation of 4-OH mephenytoin, a CYP2C19 metabolite and its application to in vitro CYP inhibition assay. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015; 989:27-36. [PMID: 25797720 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A rapid selective and sensitive liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed for the quantitative determination of derivatised cytochrome P450-2C19 oxidation product (dansyl-4-OH mephenytoin) and its underivatised form (4-OH mephenytoin). Samples were anaysed on C18 column (Waters Xbridge, 50 mm×4.6 mm, 3.5 μm particle size) with the mobile phase consisting of 0.1% formic acid in water and 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile. A gradient method with a short run time of 2.5 min and 3.5 min was developed for the analysis of dansyl-4-OH mephenytoin and 4-OH mephenytoin, respectively. The standard curve was linear (r(2)=0.9972 for 4-OH mephenytoin; r(2)=0.9946 for dansyl-4-OH mephenytoin) over the concentration range of 0.16 to 40 ng/mL for both derivatised and underivatised forms. The CV (%) and relative error (RE) for inter and intraassay at three QC levels for dansyl-4-OH mephenytoin was 0.97-5.85% and -9.80 to 2.51%, respectively. Whereas, for 4-OH mephenytoin the CV (%) and RE (%) at three QC levels was 0.82-3.47% and -6.69 to -0.01%, respectively. The developed method was validated for various parameters such as linearity, precision & accuracy, extraction recovery, matrix effect, autosampler stability and was proved to be consistent across three QC levels with overall CV (%) less than 15. Dansylation helped in increasing the sensitivity of hydroxy mephenytoin by 100-200 fold. Given the simplicity involved in derivatisation process, we believe that this novel methodology will change the current approaches used for the enhancing the detection sensitivity of 4-OH mephenytoin.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Vijayabhaskar
- DMPK Laboratory (Biology Division), GVK BIO, Nacharam, Hyderabad 500076, Telangana, India.
| | - Pratima Srivastava
- DMPK Laboratory (Biology Division), GVK BIO, Nacharam, Hyderabad 500076, Telangana, India
| | - Sriram Rajagopal
- DMPK Laboratory (Biology Division), GVK BIO, Nacharam, Hyderabad 500076, Telangana, India
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13
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Wang B, Yang S, Hu J, Li Y. Multifaceted interaction of the traditional Chinese medicinal herb Schisandra chinensis with cytochrome P450-mediated drug metabolism in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 155:1473-1482. [PMID: 25091466 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Schisandra chinensis (SC), officially listed as a sedative and tonic in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, has been used as a common component in various prescriptions in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and more recently in western medicine for its antihepatotoxic effect. To assess the possible herb-drug interaction, effects of SC extracts on hepatic cytochrome P450 (P450, CYP) enzymes were studied. MATERIAL AND METHODS Effects of SC extracts on rat hepatic CYP450 enzymes in vitro and in vivo were investigated by probe substrates method, real-time RT-PCR assay and Western blotting analysis. Furthermore, the effects of SC alcoholic extract on the PK of four SC lignans and the drugs possibly co-administrated in vivo were studied in male Sprague-Dawley rat. RESULTS SC aqueous extract and alcoholic extract showed significant inhibitory effect on the activities of rat liver microsomal CYP1A2, 2C6, 2C11, 2D2, 2E1 and 3A1/2 in vitro. Multiple administrations of SC aqueous extract (1.5g/kg, qd×7d) and alcoholic extract (1.5g/kg, qd×7d) increased the activities, mRNA and protein expressions of CYP2E1 and CYP3A1/2, and meanwhile, inhibited the activities and mRNA expression of CYP2D2 in vivo. The in vivo metabolism of four SC lignans, such as schisandrin, schisantherin A, deoxyshisandrin and γ-schisandrin, and chlorzoxazone was significantly accelerated, exhibited by the reduced AUC and increased CLz/F, by 7-day pretreatment with SC alcoholic extract. However, both single and multiple dosing treatments of SC alcoholic extract remarkably decreased the in vivo metabolism of tacrolimus indicated by the enhanced AUC (7-12 fold) and elevated Cmax (10 fold). CONCLUSION These results revealed that the SC extracts exhibited multifaceted effects on rat hepatic CYP450 enzymes. Herb-drug interaction should be paid intense attention between SC components and drugs metabolized by different CYP450 enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baolian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No.1 Xiannongtan Street, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Shuang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No.1 Xiannongtan Street, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jinping Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No.1 Xiannongtan Street, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No.1 Xiannongtan Street, Beijing 100050, China.
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14
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Munger MA, Hadlock G, Stoddard G, Slawson MH, Wilkins DG, Cox N, Rollins D. Assessing orally bioavailable commercial silver nanoparticle product on human cytochrome P450 enzyme activity. Nanotoxicology 2014; 9:474-81. [PMID: 25137296 DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2014.948092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology produces a wide range of medicinal compounds, including nanoparticulate silver, which are increasingly introduced in various forms for consumer use. As with all medicinal compounds, potential drug interactions are an important consideration for ingested silver nanoparticles. Nanoparticulate silver-drug interactions may be mediated through induced oxidative stress in liver tissue where the majority of systemically bioavailable silver nanoparticles is found. To investigate whether an orally ingested commercially available colloidal silver nanoproduct produces pharmacokinetic interference on select cytochrome P450 enzymes, a prospective, single-blind, controlled in vivo human study using simultaneous administration of standardized probes for P450 enzyme classes CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 was conducted. Oral ingestion of a commercial colloidal silver nanoproduct produces detectable silver in human serum after 14 days of dosing. This silver, however, elicits no demonstrable clinically significant changes in metabolic, hematologic, urinary, physical findings or cytochrome P450 enzyme inhibition or induction activity. Given their increasingly broad, diverse human exposures, future characterization of human cytochrome P450 enzyme activity for other systemically bioavailable nanotechnology products are warranted.
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15
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Qin CZ, Ren X, Tan ZR, Chen Y, Yin JY, Yu J, Qu J, Zhou HH, Liu ZQ. A high-throughput inhibition screening of major human cytochrome P450 enzymes using anin vitrococktail and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr 2013; 28:197-203. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2013] [Revised: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chong-Zhen Qin
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics; Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine; Changsha Hunan 410078 People's Republic of China
| | - Xian Ren
- Shanghai Green Valley Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd; Shanghai 201203 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Rong Tan
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics; Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine; Changsha Hunan 410078 People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Chen
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics; Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine; Changsha Hunan 410078 People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Ye Yin
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics; Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine; Changsha Hunan 410078 People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Yu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics; Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine; Changsha Hunan 410078 People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Qu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics; Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine; Changsha Hunan 410078 People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Hao Zhou
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics; Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine; Changsha Hunan 410078 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Qian Liu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics; Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine; Changsha Hunan 410078 People's Republic of China
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16
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Xu RA, Xu ZS, Lin GY, Hu LF, Wang XQ, Ma JS. Effect of Repeated Wuniu Early Tea Administration on the CYP450 Activity Using a Cocktail Method. Indian J Pharm Sci 2013; 75:94-8. [PMID: 23901167 PMCID: PMC3719156 DOI: 10.4103/0250-474x.113536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2012] [Revised: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Wuniu early tea (Camellia sinensis) is an important beverage consumed in China. Up to date, a lot of methods for identifying and chemical analysing have been done. However, there is no report on the effects of Wuniu early tea on cytochrome P450 isozymes. Therefore, the present objective of our study was to evaluate the potential effects of Wuniu early tea on cytochrome P450 isozymes P2C9, P1A2, P2C19 and P2B6 in rats with a cocktail approach including, matching probe drugs of tolbutamide, phenacetin, omeprazole and bupropion. These four probe drugs were simultaneously administered to rats after repeated Wuniu early tea administration. The pharmacokinetics of the probes in the plasma was simultaneous determined by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The t1/2 and AUC(0-∞) of tolbutamide increased significantly and CLz decreased remarkably in test rats after repeated Wuniu early tea administration. However, the main pharmacokinetic parameters of the other three probe drugs were not significantly different between control and test rats. The findings in this study suggested that Wuniu early tea could inhibit cytochrome P2C9 while did not influence on cytochrome P1A2, cytochrome P2C19 and cytochrome P2B6.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou 325 035, China
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17
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Moskaleva NE, Zgoda VG. [Current methods of cytochrome p450 analysis]. BIOMEDITSINSKAIA KHIMIIA 2012; 58:617-634. [PMID: 23350195 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20125806617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Current review describes recent approaches of cytochrome P450 concentration and activity evaluation. Special attention paid to modem methods of proteomic analysis such as electrophoresis and chromato-mass-spectrometry. Methods of targeted proteomic applicable for quantitative and qualitative study of P450s in biological samples as well as methods for the enzyme activity measurements are reviewed. Finally, data on correlation between certain P450 isoform content and its specific enzymatic activities were described and discussed in the review.
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18
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Development and validation of a fast and sensitive UPLC–MS/MS method for the quantification of six probe metabolites for the in vitro determination of cytochrome P450 activity. Talanta 2012; 89:209-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.11.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2011] [Revised: 11/18/2011] [Accepted: 11/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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19
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Han YL, Yu HL, Li D, Meng XL, Zhou ZY, Yu Q, Zhang XY, Wang FJ, Guo C. Inhibitory effects of limonin on six human cytochrome P450 enzymes and P-glycoprotein in vitro. Toxicol In Vitro 2011; 25:1828-33. [PMID: 22001672 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2011.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2010] [Revised: 09/22/2011] [Accepted: 09/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Among the various possible causes for drug interactions, pharmacokinetic factors such as inhibition of drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters, especially cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoenzymes and P-glycoprotein (P-gp), are regarded as the most frequent and clinically important. Limonin is a widely used dietary supplement and one of the most prevalent citrus limonoids, which are known to have inhibitory effects on CYPs and P-gp. In this study, the in vitro inhibitory effects of limonin on the major human CYP isoenzymes (CYP1A2, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4) activities in human liver microsomes were examined using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The inhibitory effects of limonin on P-gp activity in a human metastatic malignant melanoma cell line WM-266-4 were examined using a calcein-AM fluorometry screening assay. It demonstrates that limonin has negligible inhibitory effects on human CYP1A2, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and P-gp. However, potent inhibition of CYP3A4 by limonin is observed with IC50 values of 6.20 μM (CYP3A4/testosterone) and 19.10 μM (CYP3A4/midazolam). This finding has important implications with regard to food-drug interactions between limonin and several narrow therapeutic index drugs that are metabolized by CYP3A4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Long Han
- The Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Yishan Road 600, Shanghai 200233, China
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A review of LC–MS techniques and high-throughput approaches used to investigate drug metabolism by cytochrome P450s. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2010; 878:1326-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2010.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2009] [Revised: 02/04/2010] [Accepted: 02/09/2010] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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21
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Zhang W, Han F, Guo P, Zhao H, Lin Z(J, Huang MQ, Bertelsen K, Weng N. Simultaneous determination of tolbutamide, omeprazole, midazolam and dextromethorphan in human plasma by LC–MS/MS—A high throughput approach to evaluate drug–drug interactions. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2010; 878:1169-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2010.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2009] [Revised: 03/13/2010] [Accepted: 03/15/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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22
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Medeiros ID, Siebert MN, Toledo-Silva G, Rodrigues TB, Marques MRF, Bainy ACD. Induced gene expression in oyster Crassostrea gigas exposed to sewage. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2008; 26:362-365. [PMID: 21791389 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2008.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2008] [Revised: 05/12/2008] [Accepted: 05/22/2008] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Pacific oysters, Crassostrea gigas, were exposed to untreated sewage diluted in seawater. After 48h of exposure, the expression of genes associated to biotransformation pathways (CYP356A1, GSTO, MDR, FABP and ALAS) were analyzed in gills through semi-quantitative RT-PCR. A significant induction in all genes analyzed in the sewage-exposed oysters was observed. These genes are related to phase I (CYP356A1), phase II (GSTO) and phase III (MDR) biotransformation systems, to the uptake and transport of hydrophobic ligands (FABP) and to the synthesis of prosthetic group heme (ALAS). The organisms were able to survive in contaminated conditions since protective mechanisms have been properly stimulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor D Medeiros
- Laboratório de Biomarcadores de Contaminação Aquática e Imunoquímica, Depto. Bioquímica, CCB, UFSC, Campus Trindade, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; Laboratório de Ciências Marinhas, UNISUL, Av. Colombo Sales 89, 88790-000 Laguna, SC, Brazil
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23
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Karjalainen MJ, Neuvonen PJ, Backman JT. Tolfenamic acid is a potent CYP1A2 inhibitor in vitro but does not interact in vivo: correction for protein binding is needed for data interpretation. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2007; 63:829-36. [PMID: 17618427 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-007-0335-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2007] [Accepted: 06/01/2007] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our aim was to correlate the in vitro and in vivo CYP1A2 inhibition potential of tolfenamic acid, an NSAID highly (99.7%) bound to plasma proteins, to study the significance of protein binding of inhibitor in metabolic drug interactions. METHODS The effect of tolfenamic acid on CYP1A2 (phenacetin O-deethylation) was studied using human liver microsomes, with and without albumin (0-10 mg/ml). In a randomized, crossover study, 10 volunteers took 200 mg tolfenamic acid or placebo t.i.d. for 3 days. On day 2, a caffeine test was performed. On day 3, each ingested 4 mg of the CYP1A2 substrate tizanidine. Plasma tizanidine, its metabolites (M) and tolfenamic acid, and pharmacodynamic variables were measured. RESULTS Tolfenamic acid strongly inhibited phenacetin-O-deethylation in vitro (IC(50) 1.8 microM without albumin). Albumin decreased its inhibitory effect in a concentration-dependent manner; the IC(50) exceeded 100 microM with 10 mg/ml of albumin. Tolfenamic acid had no effect on the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC(0-oo)), peak concentration, time of peak concentration or half-life of tizanidine or M-3; only the AUC(0-oo) of secondary metabolite M-4 was slightly decreased (13%, P = 0.004). The caffeine test and the pharmacodynamic effects of tizanidine were unchanged. CONCLUSIONS Tolfenamic acid potently inhibits CYP1A2 in vitro when studied without albumin, but not in vivo. This apparent discrepancy is due to the high protein binding of tolfenamic acid. To avoid overestimation of the interaction potential, the inhibitory effect of highly albumin-bound compounds should also be studied in vitro with albumin, or their exact unbound plasma concentration should be used in predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjo J Karjalainen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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