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Amatya S, Shin Y, Ha JY, Lee SJ, Kang SW, Kwon B, Kim DH. Simultaneous determination of eight arginine-related metabolites in cellular extracts using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1137:121936. [PMID: 31891857 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.121936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A simple, sensitive, and rapid liquid chromatography (LC)-tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) method was developed for the simultaneous determination of arginine and its pathway-related metabolites (ornithine, proline, citrulline, glutamate, agmatine, spermidine, and spermine) in cellular extracts. Cells were lysed and cellular proteins precipitated by the addition of acetonitrile followed by ultra-sonication. Supernatants were analyzed using a Chromolith High Resolution RP-18 endcapped column (100 × 4.6 mm, 1.15 μm, 150 Å), with mobile phases of 0.1% formic acid solution and 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile. Detection was carried out in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. Calibration curves showed linearity (r2 > 0.99) for all metabolites over the calibration ranges used. The intra- and inter-day precision was less than 13.5%, and the accuracy was between 91.3 and 114.7%. The method developed in this study was successfully applied to measure arginine and its pathway-related metabolites, which are related to nitric oxide synthase/arginase pathways in mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs). The ability to simultaneously measure arginine and its pathway-related metabolites is valuable for better understanding local and systemic inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarmila Amatya
- Department of Pharmacology and PharmacoGenomics Research Center, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yumi Shin
- Department of Pharmacology and PharmacoGenomics Research Center, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Yeop Ha
- Department of Pharmacology and PharmacoGenomics Research Center, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jun Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and PharmacoGenomics Research Center, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Wook Kang
- Biomedical Research Center, Ulsan University Hospitial, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Byungsuk Kwon
- Biomedical Research Center, Ulsan University Hospitial, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Republic of Korea; School of Biological Science, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and PharmacoGenomics Research Center, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea.
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Cioates Negut C, Stefan‐van Staden R, Harja F, Staden JF. Pattern Recognition of Amino Acids in Wines. ELECTROANAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201900497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Cioates Negut
- Laboratory of Electrochemistry and PATLABNational Institute of Research for Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter Bucharest Romania
| | - Raluca‐Ioana Stefan‐van Staden
- Laboratory of Electrochemistry and PATLABNational Institute of Research for Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter Bucharest Romania
| | - Florian Harja
- Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials ScienceUniversity Politehnica Bucharest Bucharest Romania
| | - Jacobus Frederick Staden
- Laboratory of Electrochemistry and PATLABNational Institute of Research for Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter Bucharest Romania
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Sun N, Wu Y, Zhao L, He H, Mei D, Zhang S, Zhang X, Zhang M, Wang X. A rapid and sensitive HPLC-MS/MS method for determination of endogenous creatine biosynthesis precursors in plasma of children with viral myocarditis. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1118-1119:148-156. [PMID: 31039544 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
A simple, rapid and sensitive HPLC-MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of 4 of amino acids, guanidinoacetic acid, S-adenosylmethionine and S-adenosylhomocysteine in human plasma was developed and validated. The method requires no tedious sample preparation, derivatization reagents or ion-pairing reagents. Samples were prepared by combining plasma with a chilled mixture of acetonitrile (ACN) and water, followed by centrifugation and diluting the supernatant with 2 volumes of water. Analytes were detected with multiple reaction monitoring using a positive scan mode with electrospray ionization (ESI). In the assay, all the analytes showed good linearity over the investigated concentration range (r > 0.99). The accuracy expressed in relative error (RE) was between -5.0% and 13.2%, and the precision expressed in coefficient of variation (CV) ranged from 0.6% to 14.7%. In the two spiked levels (low and high), the averaged recoveries of analytes were between 45.0% and 110.9% and the recovery of internal standard was 92.0%. This method was successfully applied to studying the concentration changes of endogenous creatine (Cr) synthesis precursors in the plasma of children with viral myocarditis after intravenous administration of phosphocreatine (PCr).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Sun
- Clinical Research Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, 100045, China
| | - Yunjiao Wu
- Clinical Research Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, 100045, China
| | - Libo Zhao
- Clinical Research Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, 100045, China
| | - Huan He
- Clinical Research Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, 100045, China
| | - Dong Mei
- Clinical Research Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, 100045, China
| | - Shuyv Zhang
- Clinical Research Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, 100045, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Clinical Research Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, 100045, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Clinical Research Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, 100045, China
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- Clinical Research Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, 100045, China.
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Wen Y, Yuan X, Qin F, Zhao L, Xiong Z. Development and validation of a hydrophilic interaction ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for rapid simultaneous determination of 19 free amino acids in rat plasma and urine. Biomed Chromatogr 2018; 33:e4387. [PMID: 30238479 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Determination of amino acids in biofluids is a challenging task because of difficulties deriving from their high polarity and matrix interference. A simple, reliable and high-throughput hydrophilic interaction UHPLC-MS/MS method was developed and validated for the rapid simultaneous determination of 19 free amino acids in rat plasma and urine samples in this paper. Hydrophilic method with a Waters Acquity UPLC BEH Amide column (100 × 2.1 mm,1.7 μm) was used with a gradient mobile phase system of acetonitrile and water both containing 0.2% formic acid. The analysis was performed on a positive electrospray ionization mass spectrometer via multiple reaction monitoring. Samples of 10 μL plasma and 50 μL urine were spiked with three deuterated internal standards, pretreated with 250 μL acetonitrile for one-step protein precipitation and a final dilution of urine samples. Good linearities (r > 0.99) were obtained for all of the analytes with the lower limit of quantification from 0.1 to 1.2 μg/mL. The relative standard deviation of the intra-day and inter-day precisions were within 15.0% and the accuracy ranged from -12.8 to 12.7%. The hydrophilic interaction UHPLC-MS/MS method was rapid, accurate and high-throughput and exhibited better chromatography behaviors than the regular RPLC methods. It was further successfully applied to detect 19 free amino acids in biological matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqing Wen
- College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemei Yuan
- College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Qin
- College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Longshan Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhili Xiong
- College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
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Zeng J, Liu S, Wang M, Yao S, Chen Y. The synthesis of weak acidic type hybrid monolith via thiol-ene click chemistry and its application in hydrophilic interaction chromatography. Electrophoresis 2017; 38:1325-1333. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing & Chemometrics, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering; Hunan University; Changsha P. R. China
| | - Shengquan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing & Chemometrics, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering; Hunan University; Changsha P. R. China
| | - Menglin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing & Chemometrics, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering; Hunan University; Changsha P. R. China
| | - Shouzhuo Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing & Chemometrics, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering; Hunan University; Changsha P. R. China
| | - Yingzhuang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province; Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education; Hunan Normal University; Changsha P. R. China
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Tang DQ, Zou L, Yin XX, Ong CN. HILIC-MS for metabolomics: An attractive and complementary approach to RPLC-MS. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2016; 35:574-600. [PMID: 25284160 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) is an emerging separation mode of liquid chromatography (LC). Using highly hydrophilic stationary phases capable of retaining polar/ionic metabolites, and accompany with high organic content mobile phase that offer readily compatibility with mass spectrometry (MS) has made HILIC an attractive complementary tool to the widely used reverse-phase (RP) chromatographic separations in metabolomic studies. The combination of HILIC and RPLC coupled with an MS detector expands the number of detected analytes and provides more comprehensive metabolite coverage than use of only RP chromatography. This review describes the recent applications of HILIC-MS/MS in metabolomic studies, ranging from amino acids, lipids, nucleotides, organic acids, pharmaceuticals, and metabolites of specific nature. The biological systems investigated include microbials, cultured cell line, plants, herbal medicine, urine, and serum as well as tissues from animals and humans. Owing to its unique capability to measure more-polar biomolecules, the HILIC separation technique would no doubt enhance the comprehensiveness of metabolite detection, and add significant value for metabolomic investigations. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev 35:574-600, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dao-Quan Tang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, 221044, China
- Jiangsu Key Lab for the study of New Drug and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical College, Yunlong, China
- NUS Environmental Research Inst., National University of Singapore, 5 A Engineering Srive 1, Singapore, 117411, Singapore
| | - Ll Zou
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, 16 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Xiao-Xing Yin
- Jiangsu Key Lab for the study of New Drug and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical College, Yunlong, China
| | - Choon Nam Ong
- NUS Environmental Research Inst., National University of Singapore, 5 A Engineering Srive 1, Singapore, 117411, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, 16 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
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7
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Lai X, Kline JA, Wang M. Development, validation, and comparison of four methods to simultaneously quantify l-arginine, citrulline, and ornithine in human plasma using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography and electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015; 1005:47-55. [PMID: 26513134 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
To understand the role of l-arginine depletion in impaired nitric oxide synthesis in disease, it is important to simultaneously quantify arginine, citrulline, and ornithine in the plasma. Because the three amino acids are endogenous analytes, true blank matrix for them is not available. It is necessary and valuable to compare the performance of different approaches due to lack of regulatory clarity for validation. A two-step sample preparation method using methanol as protein precipitation reagent was developed in this study is used for sample preparation. Because true blank matrix for endogenous analytes is not available, water as blank matrix, 1% BSA in PBS as blank matrix, surrogate analyte, and background subtraction were designed to establish successful quantification methods. Four methods to simultaneously quantify arginine, citrulline, and ornithine in human plasma using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography and electrospray tandem mass spectrometry were developed, validated, and compared. The developed two-step sample preparation method using methanol as protein precipitation reagent in this study needs less time and provides higher recovery comparing with other approaches. Three of the four methods, water as blank matrix, 1% BSA in PBS as blank matrix, and surrogate analyte, have been successful in fulfilling all the criteria, while background subtraction has failed. Results of the measured concentrations in 97 human plasma samples using the three methods show that the difference between any two methods or among the three methods presents 100% of samples with less than 20% for all the three amino acids and majority of them are under 10%. The developed two-step sample preparation method using methanol as protein precipitation reagent is simple and convenient. Three of the four methods are fully validated and the validation is successful. The BSA functioned effectively as a blank matrix for these three amino acids, considering cost, data quality, matrix similarity, and practicality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianyin Lai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Jeffrey A Kline
- Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Mu Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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Le Maux S, Nongonierma AB, FitzGerald RJ. Improved short peptide identification using HILIC–MS/MS: Retention time prediction model based on the impact of amino acid position in the peptide sequence. Food Chem 2015; 173:847-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.10.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 10/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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9
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Achcar F, Fadda A, Haanstra JR, Kerkhoven EJ, Kim DH, Leroux AE, Papamarkou T, Rojas F, Bakker BM, Barrett MP, Clayton C, Girolami M, Krauth-Siegel RL, Matthews KR, Breitling R. The silicon trypanosome: a test case of iterative model extension in systems biology. Adv Microb Physiol 2014; 64:115-43. [PMID: 24797926 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800143-1.00003-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The African trypanosome, Trypanosoma brucei, is a unicellular parasite causing African Trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness in humans and nagana in animals). Due to some of its unique properties, it has emerged as a popular model organism in systems biology. A predictive quantitative model of glycolysis in the bloodstream form of the parasite has been constructed and updated several times. The Silicon Trypanosome is a project that brings together modellers and experimentalists to improve and extend this core model with new pathways and additional levels of regulation. These new extensions and analyses use computational methods that explicitly take different levels of uncertainty into account. During this project, numerous tools and techniques have been developed for this purpose, which can now be used for a wide range of different studies in systems biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Achcar
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Abeer Fadda
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jurgen R Haanstra
- Department of Pediatrics, Centre for Liver Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, and Systems Biology Centre for Energy Metabolism and Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eduard J Kerkhoven
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Molecular Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, and Glasgow Polyomics, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Systems and Synthetic Biology Group, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Dong-Hyun Kim
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Molecular Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, and Glasgow Polyomics, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | - Theodore Papamarkou
- The Department of Statistical Science and The Centre for Computational Statistics and Machine Learning University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Federico Rojas
- Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, Institute for Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, Ashworth Laboratories, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara M Bakker
- Department of Pediatrics, Centre for Liver Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, and Systems Biology Centre for Energy Metabolism and Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michael P Barrett
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Molecular Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, and Glasgow Polyomics, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Christine Clayton
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mark Girolami
- The Department of Statistical Science and The Centre for Computational Statistics and Machine Learning University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Keith R Matthews
- Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, Institute for Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, Ashworth Laboratories, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Rainer Breitling
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
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10
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Opposite associations of plasma homoarginine and ornithine with arginine in healthy children and adolescents. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:21819-32. [PMID: 24192823 PMCID: PMC3856037 DOI: 10.3390/ijms141121819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Homoarginine, a non-proteinogenic amino acid, is formed when lysine replaces ornithine in reactions catalyzed by hepatic urea cycle enzymes or lysine substitutes for glycine as a substrate of renal arginine:glycine amidinotransferase. Decreased circulating homoarginine and elevated ornithine, a downstream product of arginase, predict adverse cardiovascular outcome. Our aim was to investigate correlates of plasma homoarginine and ornithine and their relations with carotid vascular structure in 40 healthy children and adolescents aged 3–18 years without coexistent diseases or subclinical carotid atherosclerosis. Homoarginine, ornithine, arginine, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with stable isotope-labeled internal standards. Intima-media thickness (IMT) and extra-medial thickness (EMT) of common carotid arteries were estimated by B-mode ultrasound. Homoarginine correlated with arginine (r = 0.43, p = 0.005), age (r = 0.42, p = 0.007) and, weakly, with an increased arginine-to-ornithine ratio, a putative measure of lower arginase activity (r = 0.31, p = 0.048). Ornithine correlated inversely with arginine (r = −0.64, p < 0.001). IMT, EMT or their sum were unrelated to any of the biochemical parameters (p > 0.12). Thus, opposite associations of plasma homoarginine and ornithine with arginine may partially result from possible involvement of arginase, an enzyme controlling homoarginine degradation and ornithine synthesis from arginine. Age-dependency of homoarginine levels can reflect developmental changes in homoarginine metabolism. However, neither homoarginine nor ornithine appears to be associated with carotid vascular structure in healthy children and adolescents.
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Martens-Lobenhoffer J, Bode-Böger SM. Mass spectrometric quantification of L-arginine and its pathway related substances in biofluids: the road to maturity. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2013; 964:89-102. [PMID: 24210895 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The amino acid L-arginine together with its metabolites and related substances is in the center of many biologically important pathways, especially the urea cycle and the nitric oxide (NO) synthesis. Therefore, the concentrations of these substances in various biological fluids are of great interest as predictive markers for health and disease. Yet, they provide major analytical difficulties as they are very polar in nature and therefore not easily to be separated on standard reversed phase HPLC stationary phases. Furthermore, as endogenous substances, no analyte-free matrix is available, a fact that results in complicated calibration procedures. This review evaluates the analytical literature for the determination of L-arginine, symmetric dimethylarginine, asymmetric dimethylarginine, monomethylarginine, L-citrulline, L-ornithine, L-homoarginine, agmatine and dimethylguanidinovaleric acid in biological fluids. Papers are discussed, which were published since 2007 and describe methods applying capillary electrophoresis (CE), gas chromatography (GC), reversed phase HPLC or polar phase HPLC, coupled to mass spectrometric quantification. Nowadays, many carefully developed and validated methods for L-arginine and its related substances are available to the scientific community. The use of stable isotope labeled internal standards enables high precision and accuracy in mass spectrometry-based quantitative analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefanie M Bode-Böger
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
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12
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Bioanalytical LC separation techniques for quantitative analysis of free amino acids in human plasma. Bioanalysis 2013; 5:495-512. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.12.333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The quantitative analysis of free amino acids in human plasma has become an important and essential analysis parameter in different areas of life sciences. Free amino acid concentrations in human plasma samples are generally determined by means of GC or LC after chemical derivatization followed by UV, fluorescent or MS detection of the amino acid derivatives. Derivatization of free amino acids is done either pre- or post-column, and the amino acid derivatives obtained posess improved chromatographic behavior, increased detection sensitivity and selectivity compared with non-derivatized free amino acids. This work gives an overview of different chemical derivatization methods applied and their liquid separation techniques in bioanalytical assays for quantitative free amino acid analysis in human plasma samples. Important plasma preparation procedures, pre- and post-column derivatization, and different LC separation techniques are presented.
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Kotoni D, D’Acquarica I, Ciogli A, Villani C, Capitani D, Gasparrini F. Design and evaluation of hydrolytically stable bidentate urea-type stationary phases for hydrophilic interaction chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1232:196-211. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Revised: 11/15/2011] [Accepted: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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14
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Chen ML, Li LM, Yuan BF, Ma Q, Feng YQ. Preparation and characterization of methacrylate-based monolith for capillary hydrophilic interaction chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1230:54-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.01.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2011] [Revised: 01/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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15
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Chen ML, Wei SS, Yuan BF, Feng YQ. Preparation of methacrylate-based monolith for capillary hydrophilic interaction chromatography and its application in determination of nucleosides in urine. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1228:183-92. [PMID: 21816405 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.07.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2011] [Revised: 06/16/2011] [Accepted: 07/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A novel poly(N-acryloyltris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane-co-pentaerythritol triacrylate) (NAHAM-co-PETA) monolith was prepared in the 100 μm i.d. capillary and investigated for capillary liquid chromatography (cLC). The polymer monolith was synthesized by in situ polymerization of NAHAM and PETA in the presence of polyethylene glycol (PEG) in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as the porogen. The porous structure of monolith was optimized by changing the ratio of NAHAM to PETA, the molecular weight and amount of PEG. To evaluate the separation performance of the resultant polymer monolith, several groups of model compounds (including nucleosides, benzoic acids and anilines) were selected to perform cLC separation. Our results showed that these model compounds can be baseline separated on the resultant poly(NAHAM-co-PETA) monolithic column with the optimized mobile phases. The column efficiency was estimated to be 87,000 plates/m for acrylamide. In addition, this monolithic column was coupled with on-line solid-phase microextraction (SPME) for the analysis of four nucleosides (uridine, adenosine, cytidine, guanosine) in urine. The limit of detection of the proposed method was in the range from 40 to 52 ng/mL. The method reproducibility was obtained by evaluating the intra- and inter-day precisions with relative standard deviations (RSDs) less than 8.3% and 10.2%, respectively. Recoveries of the target analytes from spiked urine samples were ranged from 86.5% to 106.8%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Luan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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16
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Brown CM, Becker JO, Wise PM, Hoofnagle AN. Simultaneous determination of 6 L-arginine metabolites in human and mouse plasma by using hydrophilic-interaction chromatography and electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. Clin Chem 2011; 57:701-9. [PMID: 21406573 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2010.155895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macrophages and related cells are important cellular mediators of the innate immune system and play important roles in wound healing and fibrosis. Flux through different l-arginine metabolic pathways partially defines the functional behavior of macrophages. Methods to measure metabolites within the nitric oxide synthase/arginase pathways could provide insights into local and systemic inflammatory processes. METHODS A targeted metabolomics approach was developed by using hydrophilic-interaction liquid chromatography and electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry to simultaneously measure l-arginine, asymmetric dimethylarginine, symmetric dimethylarginine, l-citrulline, l-ornithine, and l-proline in plasma from humans and mice. RESULTS All analytes were quantifiable in human and mouse plasma with a small volume (25 μL), minimal sample preparation, and no derivatization. Patients with high plasma concentrations of C-reactive protein and mice with acute inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide had significant reductions of arginine metabolites in plasma compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS This new assay uses plasma metabolomic measurements to help provide new insights into metabolic changes coupled to the innate immune response. We identified significant changes in arginine metabolism in both humans and mice following an inflammatory stimulus. These changes were associated with decreased plasma arginine metabolite concentrations and increased methylated arginine concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candice M Brown
- Departments of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.
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Moni L, Ciogli A, D'Acquarica I, Dondoni A, Gasparrini F, Marra A. Synthesis of Sugar-Based Silica Gels by Copper-Catalysed Azide-Alkyne Cycloaddition via a Single-Step Azido-Activated Silica Intermediate and the Use of the Gels in Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography. Chemistry 2010; 16:5712-22. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201000106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Jian W, Edom RW, Xu Y, Weng N. Recent advances in application of hydrophilic interaction chromatography for quantitative bioanalysis. J Sep Sci 2010; 33:681-97. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200900692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Scalera F, Closs EI, Flick E, Martens-Lobenhoffer J, Boissel JP, Lendeckel U, Heimburg A, Bode-Böger SM. Paradoxical effect of l-arginine: Acceleration of endothelial cell senescence. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 386:650-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.06.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2009] [Accepted: 06/17/2009] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Bioanalytical hydrophilic interaction chromatography: recent challenges, solutions and applications. Bioanalysis 2009; 1:239-53. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.09.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) has, in recent years, been shown to be an important supplement to reversed-phase liquid chromatography for polar analytes. HILIC, in conjunction with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), has been steadily gaining acceptance in the analysis of polar compounds from complex biological matrices. This hyphenated technique offers the advantages of improved sensitivity by employing high organic content in the mobile phase, shortened sample preparation time with direct injection of the organic-solvent extracts of biological samples and the potential for ultra-fast analysis because of low-column backpressure. This article reviews recent challenges presented by HILIC, advancements in the better understanding of retention characteristics of analytes with different mobile- and stationary-phase compositions and solutions to ion suppression and interference problems encountered in HILIC–MS/MS assays. Applications of HILIC–MS/MS are summarized, including those for pharmacokinetic studies, metabolic studies, therapeutic drug monitoring and clinical diagnostics.
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Martens-Lobenhoffer J, Becker A, Freude H, Bode-Böger SM. Identification and quantification of the atypical metabolite ornithine-lactam in human plasma by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2009; 877:2284-9. [PMID: 19213615 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2008] [Revised: 01/21/2009] [Accepted: 01/26/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In the late 1970s the atypical metabolite of ornithine, ornithine-lactam, has been observed in urine samples of patients suffering from hyperornithinemia. However, not least due to insufficient analytical methods, until now there are no data available about ornithine-lactam in human plasma. Here, we describe a new method, which is, for the first time, suitable to identify and quantify ornithine-lactam in human EDTA-plasma. The method was validated according to the requirements of the FDA guidance for bioanalytical method validation. The analytes were extracted on mixed mode cation exchange SPE columns, separated on a silica analytical HPLC column working in the HILIC mode and detected on a tandem mass spectrometer equipped with an ESI ion source. As internal standard newly synthesized stable isotope labeled D(6)-ornithine-lactam was used. The calibration function was linear in the range of 0.1-5 microM. Intra- and inter-day precision and accuracy was better than 14% at all concentration levels. In EDTA-plasma samples from 30 volunteers ornithine-lactam concentrations ranging from 0.136 to 0.653 microM were determined. These concentrations correlated significantly (p<0.001, R(2)=0.784) to those of ornithine in EDTA-plasma.
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Apostolou C, Kousoulos C, Dotsikas Y, Loukas YL. Comparison of hydrophilic interaction and reversed-phase liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometric detection for the determination of three pharmaceuticals in human plasma. Biomed Chromatogr 2008; 22:1393-402. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Zhang H, Guo Z, Zhang F, Xu Q, Liang X. HILIC for separation of co-eluted flavonoids under RP-HPLC mode. J Sep Sci 2008; 31:1623-7. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200700656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Nguyen HP, Schug KA. The advantages of ESI-MS detection in conjunction with HILIC mode separations: Fundamentals and applications. J Sep Sci 2008; 31:1465-80. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200700630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Hsieh Y. HPLC-MS/MS in drug metabolism and pharmacokinetic screening. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2007; 4:93-101. [DOI: 10.1517/17425255.4.1.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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