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Mohan T, Kleinschek KS, Kargl R. Polysaccharide peptide conjugates: Chemistry, properties and applications. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 280:118875. [PMID: 35027118 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The intention of this publication is to give an overview on research related to conjugates of polysaccharides and peptides. Dextran, chitosan, and alginate were selected, to cover four of the most often encountered functional groups known to be present in polysaccharides. These groups are the hydroxyl, the amine, the carboxyl, and the acetal functionality. A collection of the commonly used chemical reactions for conjugation is provided. Conjugation results into distinct properties compared to the parent polysaccharide, and a number of these characteristics are highlighted. This review aims at demonstrating the applicability of said conjugates with a strong emphasis on biomedical applications, drug delivery, biosensing, and tissue engineering. Some suggestions are made for more rigorous chemistries and analytics that could be investigated. Finally, an outlook is given into which direction the field could be developed further. We hope that this survey provides the reader with a comprehensive summary and contributes to the progress of works that aim at synthetically combining two of the main building blocks of life into supramolecular structures with unprecedented biological response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamilselvan Mohan
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Biobased Systems (IBIOSYS), Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Karin Stana Kleinschek
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Biobased Systems (IBIOSYS), Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Rupert Kargl
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Biobased Systems (IBIOSYS), Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria; Institute for Automation, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Maribor, Smetanova ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia.
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Zhang J, Li Z, Zhou Z, Bai Y, Liu H. Rapid screening and quantification of glucocorticoids in essential oils using direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2016; 30 Suppl 1:133-140. [PMID: 27539428 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE There is a strong demand to develop a method capable of rapid screening for the adulteration of glucocorticoids (GCs) in cosmetics. An ambient ion source- direct analysis in real time (DART), coupled with quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (QTOF MS) was used for the rapid screening of GCs in essential oils. METHODS Liquid-liquid extraction was employed prior to the DART-QTOF MS analysis. Calibration curves for eight GCs were obtained using methyltestosterone as an internal standard. MS/MS experiments and accurate mass measurements were carried out to provide reliable and powerful evidence for the adulteration of targeted GCs. RESULTS Quantification results were obtained in terms of linearity (R(2) for all GCs, 0.986-0.996), sensitivity (limit of detection, 2.0-50 ng/mL), and repeatability (RSD, 1.2-6.0%). The entire analytical process can be finished in 5 min, compared with the GC/MS or LC/MS methods for which typical analysis times range from tens of minutes to >1 h. In addition, comparison of the performance of DART and ESI ion sources showed that DART possessed a relatively low matrix effect when handling complex samples. CONCLUSIONS A new method for the rapid screening and quantification of GCs in essential oils was developed using DART-QTOF MS. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialing Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P.R. China
| | - Ze Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P.R. China
| | - Zhigui Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P.R. China
| | - Yu Bai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P.R. China
| | - Huwei Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P.R. China
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Siddiraju S, Lal Prasanth ML, Sirisha T. A novel LC–MS/MS assay for methylprednisolone in human plasma and its pharmacokinetic application. Asian J Pharm Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Haneef J, Shaharyar M, Husain A, Rashid M, Mishra R, Parveen S, Ahmed N, Pal M, Kumar D. Application of LC-MS/MS for quantitative analysis of glucocorticoids and stimulants in biological fluids. J Pharm Anal 2013; 3:341-348. [PMID: 29403837 PMCID: PMC5760999 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2013.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 03/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Liquid chromatography tandem mass chromatography (LC-MS/MS) is an important hyphenated technique for quantitative analysis of drugs in biological fluids. Because of high sensitivity and selectivity, LC-MS/MS has been used for pharmacokinetic studies, metabolites identification in the plasma and urine. This manuscript gives comprehensive analytical review, focusing on chromatographic separation approaches (column packing materials, column length and mobile phase) as well as different acquisition modes (SIM, MRM) for quantitative analysis of glucocorticoids and stimulants. This review is not meant to be exhaustive but rather to provide a general overview for detection and confirmation of target drugs using LC-MS/MS and thus useful in the doping analysis, toxicological studies as well as in pharmaceutical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamshed Haneef
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Mohammad Shaharyar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Asif Husain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Mohd Rashid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Ravinesh Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Shama Parveen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Niyaz Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Manoj Pal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Haridwar, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Research Institute of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 641773, Republic of Korea
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Simultaneous HPLC analysis of triamcinolone acetonide and budesonide in microdialysate and rat plasma: application to a pharmacokinetic study. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2010; 878:2967-73. [PMID: 20884303 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2010.08.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2010] [Revised: 08/17/2010] [Accepted: 08/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A specific and reliable HPLC-PDA method for the quantitative determination of triamcinolone acetonide, budesonide and fluticasone propionate (as internal standards) in small volumes of microdialysate and rat plasma was developed. An efficient solid-phase extraction (SPE) procedure for plasma samples yielded extremely clean extracts with overall recovery of 104.3% and 95.7% for triamcinolone acetonide (TA) and fluticasone propionate, respectively. Plasma extracts obtained after SPE and microdialysis samples were directly injected on a C18 column to separation. The method has been validated with good linearity, sensitivity, specificity and high accuracy (RE -5.28% to 9.14%) and precision (CV 0.50% to 6.62%) on both matrices. In stability studies, TA and budesonide were stable during storage and assay procedures. The method was applied to a pharmacokinetic study in rodents using microdialysis to determine protein unbound TA concentrations in blood and muscle.
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Penugonda S, Agarwal HK, Parang K, Mehvar R. Plasma pharmacokinetics and tissue disposition of novel dextran-methylprednisolone conjugates with peptide linkers in rats. J Pharm Sci 2010; 99:1626-37. [PMID: 19780131 DOI: 10.1002/jps.21934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The plasma and tissue disposition of two novel dextran prodrugs of methylprednisolone (MP) containing one (DMP-1) or five (DMP-5) amino acids as linkers were studied in rats. Single 5-mg/kg doses (MP equivalent) of each prodrug or MP were administered intravenously, and blood and tissue samples were collected. Prodrug and drug concentrations were quantitated using HPLC, and noncompartmental pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated. Whereas conjugation of MP with dextran in both prodrugs substantially decreased the clearance of the drug by approximately 200-fold, the accumulations of the drug in the liver, spleen, and kidneys were significantly increased by conjugation. However, the extent of accumulation of DMP-1 in these tissues was substantially greater than that for DMP-5. Substantial amounts of MP were regenerated from both prodrugs in the liver and spleen, with the rate of release from DMP-5 being twice as fast as that from DMP-1. However, the AUCs of MP regenerated from DMP-1 in the liver and spleen were substantially higher than those after DMP-5. In contrast, in the kidneys, the AUC of MP regenerated from DMP-5 was higher than that after DMP-1 administration. These data suggest that DMP-1 may be more suitable than DMP-5 for targeting immunosuppression to the liver and spleen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Penugonda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas, USA
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