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Kadhim BA, Alqaseer K, Al-Ganahi SA. Identification and characterization of a novel lytic peptidoglycan transglycosylase (MltC) in Shigella dysenteriae. Braz J Microbiol 2023:10.1007/s42770-023-00957-9. [PMID: 36973582 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-00957-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Shigellosis remains a worldwide health problem due to the lack of vaccines and the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains. Shigella (S.) dysenteriae has rigid peptidoglycan (PG), and its tight regulation of biosynthesis and remodeling is essential for bacterial integrity. Lytic transglycosylases are highly conserved PG autolysins in bacteria that play essential roles in bacterial growth. However, their precise functions are obscure. We aimed to identify, clone, and express MltC, a unique autolysin in Escherichia (E.) coli C41 strain. The purification of recombinant MltC protein was performed using affinity chromatography and size-exclusion chromatography methods. The PG enzymatic activity of MltC was investigated using Zymogram and Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled PG assays. Also, we aimed to detect its localization in bacterial fractions (cytoplasm and membrane) by western blot using specific polyclonal anti-MltC antibodies and its probable partners using immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry applications. Purified MltC showed autolysin activity. Native MltC showed various locations in S. dysenteriae cells during different growth phases. In the Lag and early stationary phases, MltC was not found in cytoplasm and membrane fractions. However, it was detected in cytoplasm and membrane fractions during the exponential phase. In the late stationary phase, MltC was expressed in the membrane fraction only. Different candidate protein partners of MltC were identified that could be essential for bacterial growth and pathogenicity. This is the first study to suggest that MltC is indeed autolysin and could be a new drug target for the treatment of shigellosis by understanding its biological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baleegh A Kadhim
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq.
| | - Kawther Alqaseer
- Department of Basic Science, College of Nursing, University of Kufa, Kufa, Iraq
| | - Sura A Al-Ganahi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq
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Durmus C, Balaban Hanoglu S, Harmanci D, Moulahoum H, Tok K, Ghorbanizamani F, Sanli S, Zihnioglu F, Evran S, Cicek C, Sertoz R, Arda B, Goksel T, Turhan K, Timur S. Indiscriminate SARS-CoV-2 multivariant detection using magnetic nanoparticle-based electrochemical immunosensing. Talanta 2022; 243:123356. [PMID: 35248943 PMCID: PMC8891155 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The increasing mutation frequency of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the emergence of successive variants have made correct diagnosis hard to perform. Developing efficient and accurate methods to diagnose infected patients is crucial to effectively mitigate the pandemic. Here, we developed an electrochemical immunosensor based on SARS-CoV-2 antibody cocktail-conjugated magnetic nanoparticles for the sensitive and accurate detection of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and its variants in nasopharyngeal swabs. The application of the antibody cocktail was compared with commercially available anti-SARS-CoV-2 S1 (anti-S1) and anti-S2 monoclonal antibodies. After optimization and calibration, the limit of detection (LOD) determination demonstrated a LOD = 0.53–0.75 ng/mL for the antibody cocktail-based sensor compared with 0.93 ng/mL and 0.99 ng/mL for the platforms using anti-S1 and anti-S2, respectively. The platforms were tested with human nasopharyngeal swab samples pre-diagnosed with RT-PCR (10 negatives and 40 positive samples). The positive samples include the original, alpha, beta, and delta variants (n = 10, for each). The polyclonal antibody cocktail performed better than commercial anti-S1 and anti-S2 antibodies for all samples reaching 100% overall sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. It also showed a wide range of variants detection compared to monoclonal antibody-based platforms. The present work proposes a versatile electrochemical biosensor for the indiscriminate detection of the different variants of SARS-CoV-2 using a polyclonal antibody cocktail. Such diagnostic tools allowing the detection of variants can be of great efficiency and economic value in the fight against the ever-changing SARS-CoV-2 virus.
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Tok K, Moulahoum H, Ghorbanizamani F, Harmanci D, Balaban Hanoglu S, Durmus C, Evran S, Cicek C, Sertoz R, Arda B, Goksel T, Turhan K, Timur S, Zihnioglu F. Simple workflow to repurpose SARS-CoV-2 swab/serum samples for the isolation of cost-effective antibody/antigens for proteotyping applications and diagnosis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:7251-7263. [PMID: 34622322 PMCID: PMC8497067 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03654-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Supply shortage for the development and production of preventive, therapeutic, and diagnosis tools during the COVID-19 pandemic is an important issue affecting the wealthy and poor nations alike. Antibodies and antigens are especially needed for the production of immunological-based testing tools such as point-of-care tests. Here, we propose a simple and quick magnetic nanoparticle (MNP)–based separation/isolation approach for the repurposing of infected human samples to produce specific antibodies and antigen cocktails. Initially, an antibody cocktail was purified from serums via precipitation and immunoaffinity chromatography. Purified antibodies were conjugated onto MNPs and used as an affinity matrix to separate antigens. The characterization process was performed by ELISA, SDS-PAGE, electrochemistry, isothermal titration calorimetry, and LC-Q-TOF-MS/MS analyses. The MNP-separated peptides can be used for mass spectrometry–based as well as paper-based lateral flow assay diagnostic. The exploitation of the current workflow for the development of efficient diagnostic tools, specific treatments, and fundamental research can significantly impact the present or eventual pandemic. This workflow can be considered as a two birds, one stone–like strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerem Tok
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ege University, 35100-Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Hichem Moulahoum
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ege University, 35100-Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Faezeh Ghorbanizamani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ege University, 35100-Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Duygu Harmanci
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ege University, 35100-Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Simge Balaban Hanoglu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ege University, 35100-Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ceren Durmus
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ege University, 35100-Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Serap Evran
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ege University, 35100-Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Candan Cicek
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, 35100-Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ruchan Sertoz
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, 35100-Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Bilgin Arda
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, 35100-Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Tuncay Goksel
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, 35100-Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.,EGESAM-Ege University Translational Pulmonary Research Center, 35100-Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Kutsal Turhan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, 35100-Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Suna Timur
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ege University, 35100-Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.,Central Research Test and Analysis Laboratory Application and Research Center, Ege University, 35100-Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Figen Zihnioglu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ege University, 35100-Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
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Ma X, Zhao H, Zhang F, Zhu Y, Peng S, Ma H, Cao C, Xin Y, Yimiti D, Wen H, Ding J. Activity in mice of recombinant BCG-EgG1Y162 vaccine for Echinococcus granulosus infection. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2015; 12:170-5. [PMID: 26266551 PMCID: PMC4962714 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2015.1064564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic hydatid disease is a zoonotic parasitic disease caused by Echinococcus granulosus which is distributed worldwide. The disease is difficult to treat with surgery removal is the only cure treatment. In the high endemic areas, vaccination of humans is believed a way to protect communities from the disease. In this study we vaccinated BALB/c mice with rBCG-EgG1Y162, and then detected the level of IgG and IgE specifically against the recombinant protein by ELISA, rBCG-EgG1Y162 induced strong and specific cellular and humoral immune responses. In vitro study showed that rBCG-EgG1Y162 vaccine not only promote splenocytes proliferation but also active T cell. In addition, the rBCG-EgG1Y162 induced a protection in the mice against secondary infection of Echinococcus granulosus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiumin Ma
- a State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Xinjiang Major Diseases Research (2010DS890294); Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis; First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University ; Urumqi , Xinjiang , PR China.,b College of Basic Medicine of Xinjiang Medical University ; Urumqi , Xinjiang , PR China
| | - Hui Zhao
- a State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Xinjiang Major Diseases Research (2010DS890294); Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis; First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University ; Urumqi , Xinjiang , PR China
| | - Fengbo Zhang
- a State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Xinjiang Major Diseases Research (2010DS890294); Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis; First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University ; Urumqi , Xinjiang , PR China
| | - Yuejie Zhu
- a State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Xinjiang Major Diseases Research (2010DS890294); Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis; First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University ; Urumqi , Xinjiang , PR China
| | - Shanshan Peng
- b College of Basic Medicine of Xinjiang Medical University ; Urumqi , Xinjiang , PR China
| | - Haimei Ma
- b College of Basic Medicine of Xinjiang Medical University ; Urumqi , Xinjiang , PR China
| | - Chunbao Cao
- b College of Basic Medicine of Xinjiang Medical University ; Urumqi , Xinjiang , PR China
| | - Yan Xin
- b College of Basic Medicine of Xinjiang Medical University ; Urumqi , Xinjiang , PR China
| | - Delixiati Yimiti
- b College of Basic Medicine of Xinjiang Medical University ; Urumqi , Xinjiang , PR China
| | - Hao Wen
- a State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Xinjiang Major Diseases Research (2010DS890294); Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis; First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University ; Urumqi , Xinjiang , PR China
| | - Jianbing Ding
- a State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Xinjiang Major Diseases Research (2010DS890294); Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis; First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University ; Urumqi , Xinjiang , PR China.,b College of Basic Medicine of Xinjiang Medical University ; Urumqi , Xinjiang , PR China
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Ellis SE, Newlands GFJ, Nisbet AJ, Matthews JB. Phage-display library biopanning as a novel approach to identifying nematode vaccine antigens. Parasite Immunol 2012; 34:285-95. [PMID: 21770973 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3024.2011.01317.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Infections with parasitic nematodes are of significant welfare and economic importance worldwide, and because of the emergence of anthelmintic resistance, this has lead to alternative methods of parasite control being required. Vaccination offers a feasible alternative control, and the majority of research has focused on the production of recombinant versions of native antigens previously identified as protective in vaccinated animals. Attempts at the production of protective recombinant subunit vaccines have been hindered, however, as these antigens have invariably failed to replicate the same level of protective immune response as seen with the native versions. It has been proposed that these failures are owing to the fact that the recombinant proteins do not contain the appropriate post-translational modifications to retain the protective capacity of the native molecules. In this review, we discuss a novel approach to vaccine antigen identification through the application of random peptide phage-display libraries and their use to identify peptide sequences that potentially mimic the structure(s) of antigenic epitopes. This area of research is still relatively novel with respect to parasites, and the current state of the art will be discussed here.
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Assana E, Gauci CG, Kyngdon CT, Zoli AP, Dorny P, Geerts S, Lightowlers MW. Antibody responses to the host-protective Taenia solium oncosphere protein TSOL18 in pigs are directed against conformational epitopes. Parasite Immunol 2010; 32:399-405. [PMID: 20500670 PMCID: PMC2881308 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3024.2009.01197.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
TSOL18 is a recombinant protein that has been shown in repeated experimental trials to be capable of protecting pigs against challenge infection with the cestode parasite Taenia solium. Antibodies raised by the vaccine are capable of killing the parasite in an in vitroculture and it is believed that antibody and complement-mediated killing of invading parasites is the major protective immune mechanism induced by vaccination with TSOL18. Investigations were undertaken to characterize whether the principal antibody specificities raised by TSOL18 in pigs were against linear or conformational determinants. TSOL18 was expressed in two truncated forms representing either the amino terminal portion or the carboxy terminal portion, with the two truncations overlapping in sequence by 25 amino acids. The original protein (designated TSOL18N−) and the two truncations (TSOL18N−-1 and TSOL18N−-2) were used in inhibition ELISA. TSOL18N− was shown to be capable of completely inhibiting the binding of pig anti-TSOL18N− antibodies to TSOL18N− in ELISA. However, neither TSOL18N−-1 nor TSOL18N−-2, either alone or when combined together, was capable of inhibiting any detectable amount of reactivity of pig anti-TSOL18N− antibodies with TSOL18N−. It is concluded that the dominant antibody specificities, and probably the host-protective specificities, of TSOL18 are conformational epitopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Assana
- Department of Animal Health, Prince Leopold Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerpen, Belgium
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