1
|
Smith K, Johnson-Davis KL, Shahrokh K. A New Broad-Spectrum Drug Screen for 127 Analytes by LC-MS/MS. J Appl Lab Med 2023; 8:240-250. [PMID: 36651125 DOI: 10.1093/jalm/jfac105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Broad-spectrum drug screening is offered by many clinical laboratories to support investigation of possible drug exposures. The traditional broad-spectrum drug screen employed at our laboratory utilizes several different analytical platforms, thus requiring relatively high volumes of sample and a cumbersome workflow. Here we describe the development and validation of a consolidated broad-spectrum drug screen assay designed to qualitatively detect 127 compounds in urine (Ur) and serum/plasma (S/P) samples. METHODS An LC-MS/MS method was developed using the Ultivo LC-MS/MS and designed to be qualitative with a 1-point calibration curve and 50% to 150% controls. Sample preparation included the addition of 122 internal standards (IS) followed by mixed-mode strong cation exchange solid-phase extraction and reverse-phase chromatographic separation on a biphenyl column. RESULTS For the method described herein, ≥ 95% of analytes in urine and serum control samples had a CV of ≤20% for total imprecision. Accuracy testing included 46 external controls and demonstrated 99.9% accuracy. Method comparison studies to quantitative testing are discussed. The high level of coverage of the analytes with a stable isotope-labeled IS (SIL-IS) helped normalize for matrix effects when significant ion suppression (>25%) was present. Analyte stability in the matrix, the impact of potentially interfering compounds, and method ruggedness were demonstrated. Method limitations include limited detection of glucuronidated drugs and potential cross-contamination with samples at very high concentrations (>>100 × cutoff). CONCLUSIONS The broad-spectrum drug screen method developed here qualitatively detected 127 drugs and select metabolites. This method could be used to support investigations of possible drug exposures in a clinical setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kamisha L Johnson-Davis
- ARUP Laboratories, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Drummer OH, Di Rago M, Gerostamoulos D. Analysis of Benzodiazepines for Drug-Facilitated Assaults and Abuse Settings (Urine). Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1872:23-39. [PMID: 30350276 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8823-5_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
An overview of the detection of benzodiazepines and their respective metabolites and target analytes in urine by LC-MS/MS is described. This overview shows substantial differences in the approach to detection using this technique including optional use of β-glucuronidase to hydrolyze conjugates present in urine. There are also significant variations in the extraction method employed from the use of direct injection, liquid-liquid extraction to solid-phase extraction options, with little apparent difference in limits of detection. Chromatography was largely based on the use of C18-bonded columns; however both C8- and phenyl-bonded columns were used to affect separation. Modern-day tandem mass spectrometers are capable of exceptional sensitivity enabling detection of sub-nanogram per milliliter amounts in urine, which provide for longer detection times in the urine of suspected drug-facilitated assaults. A method employed in the laboratory of the authors is provided by way of an example for readers wishing to establish a method in their own laboratory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olaf H Drummer
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Southbank, VIC, Australia.
| | - Matthew Di Rago
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Southbank, VIC, Australia
- Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine, Southbank, VIC, Australia
| | - Dimitri Gerostamoulos
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Southbank, VIC, Australia
- Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine, Southbank, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rosano TG, Ohouo PY, Wood M. Screening with Quantification for 64 Drugs and Metabolites in Human Urine using UPLC–MS-MS Analysis and a Threshold Accurate Calibration. J Anal Toxicol 2017; 41:536-546. [DOI: 10.1093/jat/bkx035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
4
|
Rosano TG, Ohouo PY, LeQue JJ, Freeto SM, Wood M. Definitive Drug and Metabolite Screening in Urine by UPLC–MS-MS Using a Novel Calibration Technique. J Anal Toxicol 2016; 40:628-638. [DOI: 10.1093/jat/bkw050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
5
|
Helfer AG, Michely JA, Weber AA, Meyer MR, Maurer HH. LC-HR-MS/MS standard urine screening approach: Pros and cons of automated on-line extraction by turbulent flow chromatography versus dilute-and-shoot and comparison with established urine precipitation. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1043:138-149. [PMID: 27381570 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Comprehensive urine screening for drugs and metabolites by LC-HR-MS/MS using Orbitrap technology has been described with precipitation as simple workup. In order to fasten, automate, and/or simplify the workup, on-line extraction by turbulent flow chromatography and a dilute-and-shoot approach were developed and compared. After chromatographic separation within 10min, the Q-Exactive mass spectrometer was run in full scan mode with positive/negative switching and subsequent data dependent acquisition mode. The workup approaches were validated concerning selectivity, recovery, matrix effects, process efficiency, and limits of identification and detection for typical drug representatives and metabolites. The total workup time for on-line extraction was 6min, for the dilution approach 3min. For comparison, the established urine precipitation and evaporation lasted 10min. The validation results were acceptable. The limits for on-line extraction were comparable with those described for precipitation, but lower than for dilution. Thanks to the high sensitivity of the LC-HR-MS/MS system, all three workup approaches were sufficient for comprehensive urine screening and allowed fast, reliable, and reproducible detection of cardiovascular drugs, drugs of abuse, and other CNS acting drugs after common doses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas G Helfer
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Saarland University, Homburg (Saar), Germany
| | - Julian A Michely
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Saarland University, Homburg (Saar), Germany
| | - Armin A Weber
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Saarland University, Homburg (Saar), Germany
| | - Markus R Meyer
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Saarland University, Homburg (Saar), Germany
| | - Hans H Maurer
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Saarland University, Homburg (Saar), Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
The great impact of cardiovascular diseases in human health has led to the development of a huge number of drugs and therapies to improve the treatment of these diseases. Cardiovascular drug analysis in biological fluids constitutes an important challenge for analytical scientists. There is a clear need for reliable methods to carry out both qualitative and quantitative analysis in a short time of analysis. Different problems such as drug monitoring, analysis of metabolites, study of drugs interactions, drugs residues or degradation products, chiral separation, and screening and confirmation of drugs of abuse in doping control must be solved. New trends in sample preparation, instrumental and column technology advances in LC and innovations in MS are described in this work.
Collapse
|
7
|
Teng X, Liang C, Wang R, Sun T, Rao Y, Ni C, Zeng L, Xiong L, Li Y, Zhang Y. Screening of drugs of abuse and toxic compounds in human whole blood using online solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2014; 38:50-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Revised: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Teng
- State Key Laboratory of New Drug and Pharmaceutical Process; Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry; Shanghai P. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Crime Scene Evidence; Shanghai Institute of Forensic Science; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Chen Liang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Crime Scene Evidence; Shanghai Institute of Forensic Science; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Rong Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Crime Scene Evidence; Shanghai Institute of Forensic Science; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Tao Sun
- Esensing Analytical Technology; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Yulan Rao
- Department of Forensic Medicine (Center of Forensic Science); School of Basic Medical Sciences; Fudan University; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Chunfang Ni
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Crime Scene Evidence; Shanghai Institute of Forensic Science; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Libo Zeng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Crime Scene Evidence; Shanghai Institute of Forensic Science; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Lingjuan Xiong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Crime Scene Evidence; Shanghai Institute of Forensic Science; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Yuan Li
- Esensing Analytical Technology; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Yurong Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Crime Scene Evidence; Shanghai Institute of Forensic Science; Shanghai P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Safety and tolerability of slow-release oral morphine versus methadone in the treatment of opioid dependence. J Subst Abuse Treat 2014; 47:275-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsat.2014.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
9
|
The current role of on-line extraction approaches in clinical and forensic toxicology. Bioanalysis 2014; 6:2261-74. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.14.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In today's clinical and forensic toxicological laboratories, automation is of interest because of its ability to optimize processes, to reduce manual workload and handling errors and to minimize exposition to potentially infectious samples. Extraction is usually the most time-consuming step; therefore, automation of this step is reasonable. Currently, from the field of clinical and forensic toxicology, methods using the following on-line extraction techniques have been published: on-line solid-phase extraction, turbulent flow chromatography, solid-phase microextraction, microextraction by packed sorbent, single-drop microextraction and on-line desorption of dried blood spots. Most of these published methods are either single-analyte or multicomponent procedures; methods intended for systematic toxicological analysis are relatively scarce. However, the use of on-line extraction will certainly increase in the near future.
Collapse
|
10
|
Comprehensive automation of the solid phase extraction gas chromatographic mass spectrometric analysis (SPE-GC/MS) of opioids, cocaine, and metabolites from serum and other matrices. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 406:4443-51. [PMID: 24788888 PMCID: PMC4077260 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-7815-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Revised: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The analysis of opioids, cocaine, and metabolites from blood serum is a routine task in forensic laboratories. Commonly, the employed methods include many manual or partly automated steps like protein precipitation, dilution, solid phase extraction, evaporation, and derivatization preceding a gas chromatography (GC)/mass spectrometry (MS) or liquid chromatography (LC)/MS analysis. In this study, a comprehensively automated method was developed from a validated, partly automated routine method. This was possible by replicating method parameters on the automated system. Only marginal optimization of parameters was necessary. The automation relying on an x-y-z robot after manual protein precipitation includes the solid phase extraction, evaporation of the eluate, derivatization (silylation with N-methyl-N-trimethylsilyltrifluoroacetamide, MSTFA), and injection into a GC/MS. A quantitative analysis of almost 170 authentic serum samples and more than 50 authentic samples of other matrices like urine, different tissues, and heart blood on cocaine, benzoylecgonine, methadone, morphine, codeine, 6-monoacetylmorphine, dihydrocodeine, and 7-aminoflunitrazepam was conducted with both methods proving that the analytical results are equivalent even near the limits of quantification (low ng/ml range). To our best knowledge, this application is the first one reported in the literature employing this sample preparation system.
Collapse
|
11
|
Beck T, Haasen C, Verthein U, Walcher S, Schuler C, Backmund M, Ruckes C, Reimer J. Maintenance treatment for opioid dependence with slow-release oral morphine: a randomized cross-over, non-inferiority study versus methadone. Addiction 2014; 109:617-26. [PMID: 24304412 PMCID: PMC4226326 DOI: 10.1111/add.12440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2012] [Revised: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To compare the efficacy of slow-release oral morphine (SROM) and methadone as maintenance medication for opioid dependence in patients previously treated with methadone. DESIGN Prospective, multiple-dose, open label, randomized, non-inferiority, cross-over study over two 11-week periods. Methadone treatment was switched to SROM with flexible dosing and vice versa according to period and sequence of treatment. SETTING Fourteen out-patient addiction treatment centres in Switzerland and Germany. PARTICIPANTS Adults with opioid dependence in methadone maintenance programmes (dose ≥50 mg/day) for ≥26 weeks. MEASUREMENTS The efficacy end-point was the proportion of heroin-positive urine samples per patient and period of treatment. Each week, two urine samples were collected, randomly selected and analysed for 6-monoacetyl-morphine and 6-acetylcodeine. Non-inferiority was concluded if the two-sided 95% confidence interval (CI) in the difference of proportions of positive urine samples was below the predefined boundary of 10%. FINDINGS One hundred and fifty-seven patients fulfilled criteria to form the per protocol population. The proportion of heroin-positive urine samples under SROM treatment (0.20) was non-inferior to the proportion under methadone treatment (0.15) (least-squares mean difference 0.05; 95% CI = 0.02, 0.08; P > 0.01). The 95% CI fell within the 10% non-inferiority margin, confirming the non-inferiority of SROM to methadone. A dose-dependent effect was shown for SROM (i.e. decreasing proportions of heroin-positive urine samples with increasing SROM doses). Retention in treatment showed no significant differences between treatments (period 1/period 2: SROM: 88.7%/82.1%, methadone: 91.1%/88.0%; period 1: P = 0.50, period 2: P = 0.19). Overall, safety outcomes were similar between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS Slow-release oral morphine appears to be at least as effective as methadone in treating people with opioid use disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thilo Beck
- Arud Centres for Addiction MedicineZurich, Switzerland,Correspondence to: Thilo Beck, Arud Zurich, Konradstrasse 32, 8005 Zurich, Switzerland. E-mail:
| | - Christian Haasen
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Addiction Research of Hamburg University, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Centre EppendorfHamburg, Germany
| | - Uwe Verthein
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Addiction Research of Hamburg University, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Centre EppendorfHamburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Markus Backmund
- Praxiszentrum im TalMunich, Germany,Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMunich, Germany
| | - Christian Ruckes
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Trials (IZKS), University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University MainzMainz, Germany
| | - Jens Reimer
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Addiction Research of Hamburg University, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Centre EppendorfHamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Meyer GMJ, Weber AA, Maurer HH. Development and validation of a fast and simple multi-analyte procedure for quantification of 40 drugs relevant to emergency toxicology using GC-MS and one-point calibration. Drug Test Anal 2013; 6:472-81. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.1555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Revised: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Golo M. J. Meyer
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Toxicology; Institute of Experimental and Clinical, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Saarland University; D-66421; Homburg (Saar); Germany
| | - Armin A. Weber
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Toxicology; Institute of Experimental and Clinical, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Saarland University; D-66421; Homburg (Saar); Germany
| | - Hans H. Maurer
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Toxicology; Institute of Experimental and Clinical, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Saarland University; D-66421; Homburg (Saar); Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
What is the future of (ultra) high performance liquid chromatography coupled to low and high resolution mass spectrometry for toxicological drug screening? J Chromatogr A 2013; 1292:19-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.08.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Revised: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
14
|
Núñez O, Gallart-Ayala H, Martins CP, Lucci P, Busquets R. State-of-the-art in fast liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry for bio-analytical applications. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2013; 927:3-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Revised: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 12/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
15
|
Oberacher H, Schubert B, Libiseller K, Schweissgut A. Detection and identification of drugs and toxicants in human body fluids by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry under data-dependent acquisition control and automated database search. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 770:121-31. [PMID: 23498694 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.01.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Revised: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Systematic toxicological analysis (STA) is aimed at detecting and identifying all substances of toxicological relevance (i.e. drugs, drugs of abuse, poisons and/or their metabolites) in biological material. Particularly, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) represents a competent and commonly applied screening and confirmation tool. Herein, we present an untargeted liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) assay aimed to complement existing GC/MS screening for the detection and identification of drugs in blood, plasma and urine samples. Solid-phase extraction was accomplished on mixed-mode cartridges. LC was based on gradient elution in a miniaturized C18 column. High resolution electrospray ionization-MS/MS in positive ion mode with data-dependent acquisition control was used to generate tandem mass spectral information that enabled compound identification via automated library search in the "Wiley Registry of Tandem Mass Spectral Data, MSforID". Fitness of the developed LC/MS/MS method for application in STA in terms of selectivity, detection capability and reliability of identification (sensitivity/specificity) was demonstrated with blank samples, certified reference materials, proficiency test samples, and authentic casework samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Herbert Oberacher
- Institute of Legal Medicine and Core Facility Metabolomics, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Versace F, Déglon J, Lauer E, Mangin P, Staub C. Automated DBS Extraction Prior to Hilic/RP LC–MS/MS Target Screening of Drugs. Chromatographia 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-012-2377-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
17
|
Patel DS, Sharma N, Patel MC, Patel BN, Shrivastav PS, Sanyal M. LC–MS/MS assay for olanzapine in human plasma and its application to a bioequivalence study. Acta Pharm Sin B 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2012.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
|
18
|
Maurer HH. How Can Analytical Diagnostics in Clinical Toxicology Be Successfully Performed Today? Ther Drug Monit 2012. [DOI: 10.1097/ftd.0b013e31826a622d.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
19
|
Fast screening of 88 pharmaceutical drugs and metabolites in whole blood by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 405:863-79. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6403-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Revised: 08/17/2012] [Accepted: 08/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
|
20
|
Östman P, Ketola RA, Ojanperä I. Application of electrospray ionization product ion spectra for identification with atmospheric pressure matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry - a case study with seized drugs. Drug Test Anal 2012; 5:68-73. [PMID: 22987621 DOI: 10.1002/dta.1419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Revised: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Product ion spectra obtained with liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI/MS/MS) were applied to the identification of seized drug samples from atmospheric pressure matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization product ion spectra (AP-MALDI-MS/MS spectra). Data acquisition was performed in the information-dependent acquisition (IDA) mode, and the substance identification was based on a spectral library previously created with LC-ESI/MS/MS using protonated molecules as precursor ions. A total of 39 seized drug samples were analyzed with both AP-MALDI and LC-ESI techniques using the same triple-quadrupole instrument (AB Sciex 4000QTRAP). The study shows that ESI-MS/MS spectra can be directly utilized in AP-MALDI-MS/MS measurements as the average fit and purity score percentages with AP-MALDI were 90% and 85%, respectively, being similar to or even better than those obtained with the reference LC/ESI-MS/MS method. This fact enables the possibility to use large ESI spectral libraries, not only to ESI analyses but also to analyses with other ionization techniques which produce protonated molecules as the base peak. The data obtained shows that spectral library search works also for analytical techniques which produce multi-component mass spectra, such as AP-MALDI, unless isobaric compounds are encountered. The spectral library search was successfully applied to rapid identification of confiscated drugs by AP-MALDI-IDA-MS/MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pekka Östman
- Hjelt Institute, Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
This article discusses current strategies for efficient analytical diagnostics in clinical toxicology. The tasks for such diagnostics, different analytical strategies and various methods were reviewed. They cover mainly gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry procedures for target or comprehensive screening for drugs (of abuse) and poisons, and for quantification in blood. Quality control aspects and strategies for competent interpretation of the analytical result in correlation with the clinical signs presented by the patient are discussed.
Collapse
|
22
|
Mueller DM, Rentsch KM. Online extraction toxicological MS(n) screening system for serum and heparinized plasma and comparison of screening results between plasma and urine in the context of clinical data. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2012; 883-884:189-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2011] [Revised: 07/20/2011] [Accepted: 08/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
23
|
Wissenbach DK, Meyer MR, Weber AA, Remane D, Ewald AH, Peters FT, Maurer HH. Towards a universal LC-MS screening procedure - can an LIT LC-MS(n) screening approach and reference library be used on a quadrupole-LIT hybrid instrument? JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2012; 47:66-71. [PMID: 22282091 DOI: 10.1002/jms.2027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In contrast to libraries with highly reproducible gas chromatography electron ionization mass spectra, current liquid chromatography (LC-MS) libraries are limited to specific instrument types. Therefore, the aim of the study was to prove whether a recently developed linear ion trap (LIT) LC-MS(n) screening approach and reference library can be transferred to an LC-MS/MS system with a quadrupole-LIT hybrid mass analyzer using SmileMS, a sophisticated search algorithm. The LIT reference library was built with MS² and MS³ wideband spectra recorded on a ThermoFisher LXQ LIT with electrospray ionization in positive mode and full-scan data-dependent acquisition (DDA). Collision parameter optimizations, including different scan types and energies, were performed on an Applied Biosystems QTRAP 4000 system using electrospray ionization in positive mode and full-scan DDA. Modified library sets were generated to improve the detection of a compound by the used search algorithm. Additionally, 100 authentic human urine samples were screened by both systems for proof of applicability. In the applicability study, 533 compounds were detected by the LXQ and 477 by the QTRAP system using enhanced product ion scan and a modified database. The presented data showed that the LIT screening approach and reference library could be used successfully on a QTRAP instrument with some limitations. These should be overcome by further optimizations regarding DDA settings for better sensitivity and further library modifications to reduce spectra mismatches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dirk K Wissenbach
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Saarland University, D-66421, Homburg, Saar, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Schwenger E, Dumontet J, Ensom MH. Does Olanzapine Warrant Clinical Pharmacokinetic Monitoring in Schizophrenia? Clin Pharmacokinet 2011; 50:415-28. [DOI: 10.2165/11587240-000000000-00000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
|
25
|
Direct analysis of dried blood spots coupled with mass spectrometry: concepts and biomedical applications. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 402:2485-98. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-5161-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2011] [Revised: 05/17/2011] [Accepted: 06/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
26
|
Drugs of abuse screening in urine as part of a metabolite-based LC-MSn screening concept. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 400:3481-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-5032-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2011] [Revised: 04/11/2011] [Accepted: 04/15/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
27
|
Mueller DM, Duretz B, Espourteille FA, Rentsch KM. Development of a fully automated toxicological LC-MSn screening system in urine using online extraction with turbulent flow chromatography. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 400:89-100. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-4560-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2010] [Revised: 11/24/2010] [Accepted: 12/01/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
28
|
Development of the first metabolite-based LC-MS n urine drug screening procedure-exemplified for antidepressants. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 400:79-88. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-4398-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2010] [Revised: 10/21/2010] [Accepted: 10/26/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|