1
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Ekodo Voundi M, Hanekamp W, Lehr M. Synthesis, activity and metabolic stability of propan-2-one substituted tetrazolylalkanoic acids as dual inhibitors of cytosolic phospholipase A 2α and fatty acid amide hydrolase. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:2079-2088. [PMID: 37859716 PMCID: PMC10583809 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00224a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The serine hydrolases cytosolic phospholipase A2α (cPLA2α) and fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) are interesting targets for the development of new anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs. Structural modifications of a potent dual inhibitor with a propan-2-one substituted tetrazolylpropionic acid moiety led to compounds with also nanomolar activity against both enzymes but better physicochemical properties. The structure-activity relationships showed that the variations had partially divergent effects on the inhibitory activity of the compounds towards cPLA2α and FAAH reflecting differences in the binding mode to the enzymes. Furthermore, the metabolic stability of the target structures was investigated in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merlin Ekodo Voundi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster Corrensstrasse 48 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Walburga Hanekamp
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster Corrensstrasse 48 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Matthias Lehr
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster Corrensstrasse 48 48149 Münster Germany
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2
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Subeska A, Voundi ME, Hanekamp W, Mulac D, Langer K, Lehr M. Synthesis, activity, metabolic stability and cell permeability of new cytosolic phospholipase A 2α inhibitors with 1-indolyl-3-phenoxypropan-2-one structure. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2023; 92:129374. [PMID: 37315699 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2023.129374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cytosolic phospholipase A2α (cPLA2α), the key enzyme of the arachidonic acid cascade, is considered to be an interesting target for the development of new anti-inflammatory drugs. Potent inhibitors of the enzyme include indole-5-carboxylic acids with propan-2-one residues in position 1 of the indole. Previously, it was found that central pharmacophoric elements of these compounds are their ketone and carboxylic acid groups, which unfortunately are subject to pronounced metabolism by carbonyl reductases and glucuronosyltransferases, respectively. Here we show that the metabolic stability of these inhibitors can be improved by introducing alkyl substituents in the vicinity of the ketone group or by increasing their rigidity. Furthermore, permeability tests with Caco-2 cells revealed that the indole derivatives have only low permeability, which can be attributed to their affinity to efflux transporters. Among other things, the polar ketone group in the center of the molecules seems to be a decisive factor for their reverse transport. After its removal, the permeability increased significantly. The enhancement in metabolic stability and permeability achieved by the structural variations carried out was accompanied by a more or less pronounced decrease in the inhibitory potency of the compounds against cPLA2α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelina Subeska
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse 48, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Merlin Ekodo Voundi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse 48, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Walburga Hanekamp
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse 48, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Dennis Mulac
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse 48, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Klaus Langer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse 48, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Matthias Lehr
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse 48, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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3
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Subeska A, Althaus J, Hake T, Hanekamp W, Bettenworth D, Mulac D, Langer K, Lehr M. Synthesis and pharmacokinetic properties of novel cPLA 2α inhibitors with 1-(carboxyalkylpyrrolyl)-3-aryloxypropan-2-one structure. Bioorg Med Chem 2023; 77:117110. [PMID: 36495814 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.117110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Indole-5-carboxylic acids with 3-aryloxy-2‑oxopropyl residues in position 1 have been shown to be potent inhibitors of cytosolic phospholipase A2α (cPLA2α), an enzyme involved in the formation of pro-inflammatory lipid mediators. Unfortunately, in animal experiments, only very low plasma concentrations could be achieved after peroral administration of this type of compound. Since insufficient metabolic stability was suspected as the cause, structural modifications were made to optimize this property. These included the conversion of the aromatic into an aliphatic carboxylic acid function as well as the rigidification of the lipophilic structural elements. A selected pyrrole-3-propionic acid was tested for its peroral in vivo bioavailability in mice. However, higher plasma concentrations could not be achieved also with this compound. Using the Caco2 cell permeation assay, substances investigated were found to be very good substrates for gastrointestinal efflux transporters, which explains their poor peroral absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelina Subeska
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse 48, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Jan Althaus
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse 48, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Theresa Hake
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse 48, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Walburga Hanekamp
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse 48, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Dominik Bettenworth
- Department of Medicine B, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Dennis Mulac
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse 48, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Klaus Langer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse 48, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Matthias Lehr
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse 48, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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4
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Barth M, Rudolph S, Kampschulze J, Meyer zu Vilsendorf I, Hanekamp W, Mulac D, Langer K, Lehr M. Hexafluoroisopropyl carbamates as selective MAGL and dual MAGL/FAAH inhibitors: biochemical and physicochemical properties. ChemMedChem 2022; 17:e202100757. [PMID: 35072346 PMCID: PMC9303458 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of hexafluoroisopropyl carbamates with indolylalkyl‐ and azaindolylalkyl‐substituents at the carbamate nitrogen was synthesized and evaluated for inhibition of the endocannabinoid degrading enzymes fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL). The synthesized derivatives with butyl to heptyl spacers between the heteroaryl and the carbamate moiety were inhibitors of both enzymes. For investigated compounds in which the alkyl chain was partially incorporated into a piperidine ring, different results were obtained. Compounds with a methylene spacer between the piperidine ring and the heteroaromatic system were found to be selective MAGL inhibitors, while an extension of the alkyl spacer to two to four atoms resulted in dual inhibition of FAAH/MAGL. The only small change in enzyme inhibitory activity with variation of the heteroaromatic system indicates that the reactive hexafluoroisopropyl carbamate group is mainly responsible for the strength of the inhibitory effect of the compounds. Selected derivatives were also tested for hydrolytic stability in aqueous solution, liver homogenate and blood plasma as well as for aqueous solubility and for permeability in a Caco‐2 cell model. Some compounds showed a slightly higher MAGL inhibitory effect than the known selective MAGL inhibitor ABX‐1431 and also partly surpassed this substance with regard to certain physicochemical and biochemical properties such as water solubility and cell permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Barth
- University of Münster: Westfalische Wilhelms-Universitat Munster Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Stefan Rudolph
- University of Münster: Westfalische Wilhelms-Universitat Munster Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Jan Kampschulze
- University of Münster: Westfalische Wilhelms-Universitat Munster Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Imke Meyer zu Vilsendorf
- University of Münster: Westfalische Wilhelms-Universitat Munster Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Walburga Hanekamp
- University of Münster: Westfalische Wilhelms-Universitat Munster Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Dennis Mulac
- University of Münster: Westfalische Wilhelms-Universitat Munster Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy GERMANY
| | - Klaus Langer
- University of Münster: Westfalische Wilhelms-Universitat Munster Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy GERMANY
| | - Matthias Lehr
- University of Münster Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry Corrensstrasse 48 48149 Münster GERMANY
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5
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Michels G, Lehr M. High performance liquid chromatographic assays with UV-detection for evaluation of inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2021.1925908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Michels
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Matthias Lehr
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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6
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Rudolph S, Dahlhaus H, Hanekamp W, Albers C, Barth M, Michels G, Friedrich D, Lehr M. Aryl N-[ω-(6-Fluoroindol-1-yl)alkyl]carbamates as Inhibitors of Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase, Monoacylglycerol Lipase, and Butyrylcholinesterase: Structure-Activity Relationships and Hydrolytic Stability. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:13466-13483. [PMID: 34056494 PMCID: PMC8158844 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c01699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
A series of aryl N-[ω-(6-fluoroindol-1-yl)alkyl]carbamates with alkyl spacers of varying lengths between the indole and the carbamate group and with differently substituted aryl moieties at the carbamate oxygen were synthesized and tested for inhibition of the pharmacologically interesting serine hydrolases fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL), butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Furthermore, the chemical stability in an aqueous solution and the metabolic stability toward esterases in porcine liver homogenate and porcine blood plasma were determined. While most of the synthesized derivatives were potent inhibitors of FAAH, a considerable inhibition of MAGL and BuChE was elicited only by compounds with a high carbamate reactivity, as evidenced by a significant hydrolysis of these compounds in an aqueous solution. However, the high inhibitory potency of some compounds toward MAGL and BuChE, especially that of the ortho-carboxyphenyl derivative 37, could not be explained by chemical reactivity alone. Several of the carbamates studied possessed varying degrees of stability toward esterases from liver and blood plasma. In some cases, marked inactivation by the pseudo-esterase activity of plasma albumin was observed. Mass spectrometric studies showed that such carbamates formed covalent bonds with albumin at several sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Rudolph
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse 48, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Helmut Dahlhaus
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse 48, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Walburga Hanekamp
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse 48, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Christian Albers
- Bruker
Daltonik GmbH, Fahrenheitstrasse
4, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Maximilian Barth
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse 48, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Giulia Michels
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse 48, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Denise Friedrich
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse 48, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Matthias Lehr
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse 48, 48149 Münster, Germany
- . Tel: +49251 83 33331. Fax: +49251 83 32144
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7
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Fabian J, Mergemeier K, Lehr M. Evaluation of inhibitors of the arachidonic acid cascade with intact platelets using an on-line dilution and on-line solid phase extraction HPLC-MS method. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2021; 155:106551. [PMID: 33940184 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2021.106551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
An automatic on-line dilution/on-line solid phase extraction (SPE) system has been developed for the detection of metabolites of the arachidonic acid cascade in platelets. The method allows the direct injection of larger quantities of centrifugates from cell suspensions previously treated with an equal volume of an acetonitrile/methanol mixture for protein precipitation. The method was used to study the effect of inhibitors of platelet arachidonic acid cascade enzymes (cytosolic phospholipase A2α, cyclooxygenase-1, thromboxane synthase, 12-lipoxygenase) and related targets (cyclooxygenase-2, microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1, 5-lipoxygenase) in intact platelets after stimulation with calcium ionophore A23187. In addition to enzyme inhibition, the cell-damaging properties of the test compounds was determined by measuring the release of serotonin from the platelets into the incubation buffer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Fabian
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse 48, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Kira Mergemeier
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse 48, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Matthias Lehr
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse 48, D-48149, Münster, Germany.
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8
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Dahlhaus H, Hanekamp W, Lehr M. (Indolylalkyl)piperidine carbamates as inhibitors of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH). MEDCHEMCOMM 2017; 8:616-620. [PMID: 30108777 DOI: 10.1039/c6md00683c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of phenyl 4-[(indol-1-yl)alkyl]piperidine carbamates was synthesized and tested for inhibition of the endocannabinoid degrading enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and for metabolic stability in rat liver S9 fractions and porcine blood plasma. Structure-activity relationship studies revealed that variation of the length of the alkyl spacer connecting the indole and the piperidine heterocycle, introduction of substituents into the indole ring, replacement of the piperidine by a piperazine scaffold as well as opening of the piperidine ring system affect activity significantly. The metabolic stability of this compound class proved to be significantly higher than that of corresponding phenyl N-(indol-1-ylalkyl)carbamates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmut Dahlhaus
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry , University of Münster , Corrensstrasse 48 , D-48149 Münster , Germany . ; ; Tel: +49 (251) 8333331
| | - Walburga Hanekamp
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry , University of Münster , Corrensstrasse 48 , D-48149 Münster , Germany . ; ; Tel: +49 (251) 8333331
| | - Matthias Lehr
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry , University of Münster , Corrensstrasse 48 , D-48149 Münster , Germany . ; ; Tel: +49 (251) 8333331
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9
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Zahov S, Garzinsky D, Hanekamp W, Lehr M. 1-Heteroarylpropan-2-ones as inhibitors of fatty acid amide hydrolase: Studies on structure-activity relationships and metabolic stability. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 25:825-837. [PMID: 27989417 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The serine hydrolase fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) catalyzes the degradation of the endocannabinoid anandamide, which possesses analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. A new series of 1-heteroarylpropan-2-ones was synthesized and evaluated for FAAH inhibition. Structure-activity relationship studies revealed that 1H-benzotriazol-1-yl, 1H-7-azabenzotriazol-1-yl, 1H-tetrazol-1-yl and 2H-tetrazol-2-yl substituents have the highest impact on inhibitory potency. Furthermore, attempts were made to increase the limited metabolic stability of the ketone functionality of these compounds towards metabolic reduction by introduction of shielding alkyl substituents in proximity of this serine reactive group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Zahov
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - David Garzinsky
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Walburga Hanekamp
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Matthias Lehr
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
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10
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Althaus J, Hake T, Hanekamp W, Lehr M. 1-(5-Carboxyindazol-1-yl)propan-2-ones as dual inhibitors of cytosolic phospholipase A 2α and fatty acid amide hydrolase: bioisosteric replacement of the carboxylic acid moiety. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2016; 31:131-140. [PMID: 27162011 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2016.1178246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Indazole-5-carboxylic acids with 3-aryloxy-2-oxopropyl residues in position 1 were previously reported to be potent dual inhibitors of cytosolic phospholipase A2α (cPLA2α) and fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH). In continuation of our structure-activity studies on cPLA2α and FAAH inhibitors, a number of derivatives of these substances characterized by bioisosteric replacement of the carboxylic acid functionality by inverse amides, sulfonylamides, carbamates and ureas were prepared. The biological evaluation of the obtained compounds showed that the carboxylic acid functionality of the lead compounds is of special importance for a pronounced inhibition of cPLA2α and FAAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Althaus
- a Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster , Germany
| | - Theresa Hake
- a Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster , Germany
| | - Walburga Hanekamp
- a Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster , Germany
| | - Matthias Lehr
- a Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster , Germany
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11
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Terwege T, Hanekamp W, Garzinsky D, König S, Koch O, Lehr M. ω-Imidazolyl- and ω-Tetrazolylalkylcarbamates as Inhibitors of Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase: Biological Activity and in vitro Metabolic Stability. ChemMedChem 2016; 11:429-43. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201500445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Terwege
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry; University of Münster; Corrensstrasse 48 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Walburga Hanekamp
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry; University of Münster; Corrensstrasse 48 48149 Münster Germany
| | - David Garzinsky
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry; University of Münster; Corrensstrasse 48 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Simone König
- Core Unit Proteomics; Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF); University of Münster; Röntgenstrasse 21 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Oliver Koch
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; TU Dortmund University; Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Matthias Lehr
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry; University of Münster; Corrensstrasse 48 48149 Münster Germany
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12
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Peng WB, Tan JL, Huang DD, Ding XP. On-Line HPLC with Biochemical Detection for Screening Bioactive Compounds in Complex Matrixes. Chromatographia 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-015-2982-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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13
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Inhibition of Cytosolic Phospholipase A2α (cPLA2α) by Medicinal Plants in Relation to Their Phenolic Content. Molecules 2015; 20:15033-48. [PMID: 26287155 PMCID: PMC6331921 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200815033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The cytosolic phospholipase A2α(cPLA2α) is one of the potential targets for anti-inflammatory drugs, since this enzyme plays a key role in the inflammation processes seen in health disorders, like asthma, allergic reactions, arthritis and neuronal diseases. In this study, cPLA2α inhibition by 43 methanol extracts from medicinal plants rich in polyphenols was determined. The eight most active extracts were derived from Ribes nigrum (IC50 of 27.7 μg/mL), Ononis spinosa (IC50 of 39.4 μg/mL), Urtica dioica (IC50 of 44.32 μg/mL), Betula sp. (IC50 of 58.02 μg/mL), Sanguisorba officinalis (IC50 of 76.25 μg/mL), Orthosiphon stamineus (IC50 of 78.83 μg/mL), Petasites hybridus (IC50 of 81.02 μg/mL) and Tussilago farfara (IC50 of 123.28 μg/mL). Additionally, the antioxidant activities of these extracts were determined with the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay and their phenolic content with the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. Antioxidant activity showed a non-linear, positive correlation to the phenolic content, but no correlation of PLA2 inhibition with phenolic content could be established. This study provides evidence that cPLA2α may be a relevant target for anti-inflammatory agents.
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14
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Sundermann T, Hanekamp W, Lehr M. Structure-activity relationship studies on 1-heteroaryl-3-phenoxypropan-2-ones acting as inhibitors of cytosolic phospholipase A2α and fatty acid amide hydrolase: replacement of the activated ketone group by other serine traps. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2015; 31:653-63. [PMID: 26153239 DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2015.1057721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytosolic phospholipase A2α (cPLA2α) and fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) are serine hydrolases. cPLA2α is involved in the generation of pro-inflammatory lipid mediators, FAAH terminates the anti-inflammatory effects of endocannabinoids. Therefore, inhibitors of these enzymes may represent new drug candidates for the treatment of inflammation. We have reported that certain 1-heteroarylpropan-2-ones are potent inhibitors of cPLA2α and FAAH. The serine reactive ketone group of these compounds, which is crucial for enzyme inhibition, is readily metabolized resulting in inactive alcohol derivatives. In order to obtain metabolically more stable inhibitors, we replaced this moiety by α-ketoheterocyle, cyanamide and nitrile serine traps. Investigations on activity and metabolic stability of these substances revealed that in all cases an increased metabolic stability was accompanied by a loss of inhibitory potency against cPLA2α and FAAH, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Sundermann
- a Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster , Münster , Germany
| | - Walburga Hanekamp
- a Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster , Münster , Germany
| | - Matthias Lehr
- a Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster , Münster , Germany
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15
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Sundermann T, Fabian J, Hanekamp W, Lehr M. 1-Heteroaryl-3-phenoxypropan-2-ones as inhibitors of cytosolic phospholipase A2α and fatty acid amide hydrolase: Effect of the replacement of the ether oxygen with sulfur and nitrogen moieties on enzyme inhibition and metabolic stability. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:2579-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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16
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Kasuga K, Suga T, Mano N. Bioanalytical insights into mediator lipidomics. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 113:151-62. [PMID: 25769667 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The importance of lipids in health and disease has been widely acknowledged. Lipids are well known to undergo enzymatic and/or non-enzymatic conversions to lipid mediators (LMs), which demonstrate potent actions in various biological events, such as the regulation of cellular signaling pathways and the promotion and resolution of inflammation. LMs activate G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) to exert various functions. Monitoring these mediators in disease is essential to uncover the mechanisms of pathogenesis for many diseases, such as asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, Alzheimer's disease, and cancer. Along with technical developments in mass spectrometry, highly sensitive and multiplexed analyses of LMs in the human periphery and other tissues have become available. These advancements enable the temporal and spatial profiling of LMs; therefore, the findings obtained from LM profiling are expected to decode pathology. As trace amounts of LMs can exert functions, the development of a highly sensitive, accurate, and robust analytical method is necessary. Although not mandatory, mediator lipidomics validation is becoming popular and remains challenging. Because LMs already exist in biological matrices, evaluations of the matrix effect and extraction efficiencies are important issues. Thus, more careful analyses are required. In this review, we focus on mediator lipidomics, including polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), such as omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, and LMs derived from PUFAs, such as eicosanoids, lipoxins and resolvins. In addition to the recent progress in human mediator lipidomics, bioanalytical insights derived from this field (i.e., effective sample preparation from biological matrices and evaluation of the matrix effect) are described herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kie Kasuga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Suga
- Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Nariyasu Mano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan; Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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17
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Inhibitors of cytosolic phospholipase A2α with carbamate structure: synthesis, biological activity, metabolic stability, and bioavailability. Med Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-014-1070-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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18
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Sundermann T, Arnsmann M, Schwarzkopf J, Hanekamp W, Lehr M. Convergent and enantioselective syntheses of cytosolic phospholipase A2α inhibiting N-(1-indazol-1-ylpropan-2-yl)carbamates. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:4021-30. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob00535j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A convergent synthesis for 4 and enantioselective syntheses for (R)-4 and (S)-4 starting from a (R)-serine derived oxazolidine were developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Sundermann
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry
- University of Münster
- D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Martina Arnsmann
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry
- University of Münster
- D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Julian Schwarzkopf
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry
- University of Münster
- D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Walburga Hanekamp
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry
- University of Münster
- D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Matthias Lehr
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry
- University of Münster
- D-48149 Münster, Germany
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19
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Terwege T, Dahlhaus H, Hanekamp W, Lehr M. ω-Heteroarylalkylcarbamates as inhibitors of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH). MEDCHEMCOMM 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4md00181h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of heteroaryl-substituted alkylcarbamates have been synthesized and evaluated for their inhibitory potency against fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Terwege
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry
- University of Münster
- Corrensstrasse 48
- D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Helmut Dahlhaus
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry
- University of Münster
- Corrensstrasse 48
- D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Walburga Hanekamp
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry
- University of Münster
- Corrensstrasse 48
- D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Matthias Lehr
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry
- University of Münster
- Corrensstrasse 48
- D-48149 Münster, Germany
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20
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(4-Phenoxyphenyl)tetrazolecarboxamides and related compounds as dual inhibitors of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL). Eur J Med Chem 2013; 63:64-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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