1
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Domínguez-López LG, Mejía-Manzano LA, González-Valdez J. Using the reactive/transport dispersive models to simulate a monolithic anion exchanger: Experimental parameter determination, simultaneous model evaluation, and validation. Electrophoresis 2024. [PMID: 38850174 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202300133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Selecting an adequate model to represent the mass transfer mechanisms occurring in a chromatographic process is generally complicated, which is one of the reasons why monolithic chromatography is scarcely simulated. In this study, the chromatographic separation of model proteins bovine serum albumin (BSA), β-lactoglobulin-A, and β-lactoglobulin-B on an anion exchange monolith was simulated based on experimental parameter determination, simultaneous model testing, and validation under three statistical criteria: retention time, dispersion accuracies, and Pearson correlation coefficient. Experimental characterization of morphologic, physicochemical, and kinetic parameters was performed through volume balances, pressure drop analysis, breakthrough curve analysis, and batch adsorptions. Free Gibbs energy indicated a spontaneous adsorption process for proteins and counterions. Dimensionless numbers were estimated based on height equivalent to a theoretical plate analysis, finding that pore diffusion controlled β-lactoglobulin separation, whereas adsorption/desorption kinetics was the dominant mechanism for BSA. The elution profiles were modeled using the transport dispersive model and the reactive dispersive model coupled with steric mass action (SMA) isotherms because these models allowed to consider most of the mass transport mechanisms that have been described. RDM-SMA presented the most accurate simulations at pH 6.0 and at low (250 mM) and high (400 mM) NaCl concentrations. This simulation will be used as reference to forecast the purification of these proteins from bovine whey waste and to extrapolate this methodology to other monolith-based separations using these three statistical criteria that have not been used previously for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - José González-Valdez
- School of Engineering and Science, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
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2
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Song JG, Baral KC, Kim GL, Park JW, Seo SH, Kim DH, Jung DH, Ifekpolugo NL, Han HK. Quantitative analysis of therapeutic proteins in biological fluids: recent advancement in analytical techniques. Drug Deliv 2023; 30:2183816. [PMID: 36880122 PMCID: PMC10003146 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2023.2183816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pharmaceutical application of therapeutic proteins has been continuously expanded for the treatment of various diseases. Efficient and reliable bioanalytical methods are essential to expedite the identification and successful clinical development of therapeutic proteins. In particular, selective quantitative assays in a high-throughput format are critical for the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation of protein drugs and to meet the regulatory requirements for new drug approval. However, the inherent complexity of proteins and many interfering substances presented in biological matrices have a great impact on the specificity, sensitivity, accuracy, and robustness of analytical assays, thereby hindering the quantification of proteins. To overcome these issues, various protein assays and sample preparation methods are currently available in a medium- or high-throughput format. While there is no standard or universal approach suitable for all circumstances, a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) assay often becomes a method of choice for the identification and quantitative analysis of therapeutic proteins in complex biological samples, owing to its high sensitivity, specificity, and throughput. Accordingly, its application as an essential analytical tool is continuously expanded in pharmaceutical R&D processes. Proper sample preparation is also important since clean samples can minimize the interference from co-existing substances and improve the specificity and sensitivity of LC-MS/MS assays. A combination of different methods can be utilized to improve bioanalytical performance and ensure more accurate quantification. This review provides an overview of various protein assays and sample preparation methods, with particular emphasis on quantitative protein analysis by LC-MS/MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Geun Song
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, Korea
| | - Kshitis Chandra Baral
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, Korea
| | - Gyu-Lin Kim
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, Korea
| | - Ji-Won Park
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, Korea
| | - Soo-Hwa Seo
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, Korea
| | - Da-Hyun Kim
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Jung
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, Korea
| | - Nonye Linda Ifekpolugo
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, Korea
| | - Hyo-Kyung Han
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, Korea
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Malik DJ, Goncalves-Ribeiro H, GoldSchmitt D, Collin J, Belkhiri A, Fernandes D, Weichert H, Kirpichnikova A. Advanced Manufacturing, Formulation and Microencapsulation of Therapeutic Phages. Clin Infect Dis 2023; 77:S370-S383. [PMID: 37932112 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciad555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Manufacturing and formulation of stable, high purity, and high dose bacteriophage drug products (DPs) suitable for clinical usage would benefit from improved process monitoring and control of critical process parameters that affect product quality attributes. Chemistry, Manufacturing, and Controls (CMC) for both upstream (USP) and downstream processes (DSP) need mapping of critical process parameters (CPP) and linking these to critical quality attributes (CQA) to ensure quality and consistency of phage drug substance (DS) and DPs development. Single-use technologies are increasingly becoming the go-to manufacturing option with benefits both for phage bioprocess development at the engineering run research stage and for final manufacture of the phage DS. Future phage DPs under clinical development will benefit from implementation of process analytical technologies (PAT) for better process monitoring and control. These are increasingly being used to improve process robustness (to reduce batch-to-batch variability) and productivity (yielding high phage titers). Precise delivery of stable phage DPs that are suitably formulated as liquids, gels, solid-oral dosage forms, and so forth, could significantly enhance efficacy of phage therapy outcomes. Pre-clinical development of phage DPs must include at an early stage of development, considerations for their formulation including their characterization of physiochemical properties (size, charge, etc.), buffer pH and osmolality, compatibility with regulatory approved excipients, storage stability (packaging, temperature, humidity, etc.), ease of application, patient compliance, ease of manufacturability using scalable manufacturing unit operations, cost, and regulatory requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danish J Malik
- Chemical Engineering Department, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | | | - Dirk GoldSchmitt
- Division of Computing Science and Mathematics, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Joe Collin
- Chemical Engineering Department, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Aouatif Belkhiri
- Chemical Engineering Department, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Diogo Fernandes
- Nanomaterials Characterisation, Malvern Panalytical, Malvern, United Kingdom
| | - Henry Weichert
- Process Analytical Technology, Sartorius Stedim Biotech GmbH, Germany
| | - Anya Kirpichnikova
- Division of Computing Science and Mathematics, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom
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Kilgore R, Minzoni A, Shastry S, Smith W, Barbieri E, Wu Y, LeBarre JP, Chu W, O'Brien J, Menegatti S. The downstream bioprocess toolbox for therapeutic viral vectors. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1709:464337. [PMID: 37722177 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Viral vectors are poised to acquire a prominent position in modern medicine and biotechnology owing to their role as delivery agents for gene therapies, oncolytic agents, vaccine platforms, and a gateway to engineer cell therapies as well as plants and animals for sustainable agriculture. The success of viral vectors will critically depend on the availability of flexible and affordable biomanufacturing strategies that can meet the growing demand by clinics and biotech companies worldwide. In this context, a key role will be played by downstream process technology: while initially adapted from protein purification media, the purification toolbox for viral vectors is currently undergoing a rapid expansion to fit the unique biomolecular characteristics of these products. Innovation efforts are articulated on two fronts, namely (i) the discovery of affinity ligands that target adeno-associated virus, lentivirus, adenovirus, etc.; (ii) the development of adsorbents with innovative morphologies, such as membranes and 3D printed monoliths, that fit the size of viral vectors. Complementing these efforts are the design of novel process layouts that capitalize on novel ligands and adsorbents to ensure high yield and purity of the product while safeguarding its therapeutic efficacy and safety; and a growing panel of analytical methods that monitor the complex array of critical quality attributes of viral vectors and correlate them to the purification strategies. To help explore this complex and evolving environment, this study presents a comprehensive overview of the downstream bioprocess toolbox for viral vectors established in the last decade, and discusses present efforts and future directions contributing to the success of this promising class of biological medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Kilgore
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States.
| | - Arianna Minzoni
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States
| | - Shriarjun Shastry
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States; Biomanufacturing Training and Education Center (BTEC), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States
| | - Will Smith
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States
| | - Eduardo Barbieri
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States
| | - Yuxuan Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States
| | - Jacob P LeBarre
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States
| | - Wenning Chu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States
| | - Juliana O'Brien
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States
| | - Stefano Menegatti
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States; Biomanufacturing Training and Education Center (BTEC), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States; North Carolina Viral Vector Initiative in Research and Learning, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States
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Martínez J, Lampaya V, Larraga A, Magallón H, Casabona D. Purification of linearized template plasmid DNA decreases double-stranded RNA formation during IVT reaction. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1248511. [PMID: 37842641 PMCID: PMC10570549 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1248511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
After the COVID-19 pandemic, messenger RNA (mRNA) has revolutionized traditional vaccine manufacturing. With the increasing number of RNA-based therapeutics, valuable new scientific insights into these molecules have emerged. One fascinating area of study is the formation of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) during in vitro transcription (IVT) which is considered a significant impurity, as it has been identified as a major trigger in the cellular immune response pathway. Therefore, there is a growing importance placed to develop and optimize purification processes for the removal of this by-product. Traditionally, efforts have primarily focused on mRNA purification after IVT through chromatographic separations, with anion exchange and reverse phase chromatography emerging as effective tools for this purpose. However, to the best of our knowledge, the influence and significance of the quality of the linearized plasmid have not been thoroughly investigated. Plasmids production involves the growth of bacterial cultures, bacterial harvesting and lysis, and multiple filtration steps for plasmid DNA purification. The inherent complexity of these molecules, along with the multitude of purification steps involved in their processing, including the subsequent linearization and the less-developed purification techniques for linearized plasmids, often result in inconsistent batches with limited control over by-products such as dsRNA. This study aims to demonstrate how the purification process employed for linearized plasmids can impact the formation of dsRNA. Several techniques for the purification of linearized plasmids based on both, resin filtration and chromatographic separations, have been studied. As a result of that, we have optimized a chromatographic method for purifying linearized plasmids using monolithic columns with C4 chemistry (butyl chains located in the surface of the particles), which has proven successful for mRNAs of various sizes. This chromatographic separation facilitates the generation of homogeneous linearized plasmids, leading to mRNA batches with lower levels of dsRNA during subsequent IVT processes. This finding reveals that dsRNA formation is influenced not only by RNA polymerase and IVT conditions but also by the quality of the linearized template. The results suggest that plasmid impurities may contribute to the production of dsRNA by providing additional templates that can be transcribed into sequences that anneal with the mRNA molecules. This highlights the importance of considering the quality of plasmid purification in relation to dsRNA generation during transcription. Further investigation is needed to fully understand the mechanisms and implications of plasmid-derived dsRNA. This discovery could shift the focus in mRNA vaccine production, placing more emphasis on the purification of linearized plasmids and potentially saving, in some instances, a purification step for mRNA following IVT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Diego Casabona
- RNA Synthesis and Development Department, Certest Pharma, Certest Biotec, Zaragoza, Spain
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6
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Černigoj U, Nemec B, Štrancar A. Sample displacement chromatography of monoclonal antibody charge variants and aggregates. Electrophoresis 2021; 43:527-534. [PMID: 34894359 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202100325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The rise of biosimilar monoclonal antibodies has renewed the interest in monoclonal antibody (mAb) charge variants composition and separation. The sample displacement chromatography (SDC) has the potential to overcome the low separation efficiency and productivity associated with bind-elute separation of mAb charge variants. SDC in combination with weak cation exchanging macroporous monolithic chromatographic column was successfully implemented for a separation of charge variants and aggregates of monoclonal IgG under overloading conditions. The charge variants composition was at-line monitored by a newly developed, simple and fast analytical method, based on weak cation exchange chromatography. It was proven that basic charge variants acted as displacers of IgG molecules with lower pI, when the loading was performed 1 to 1.5 pH unit below the pI of acidic charge variants. The efficiency of the SDC process is flow rate independent due to a convection-based mass transfer on the macroporous monolith. The productivity of the process at optimal conditions is 35 mg of purified IgG fraction per milliliters of monolithic support with 75-80% recovery. As such, an SDC approach surpasses the standard bind-elute separation in the productivity for a factor of 3, when performed on the same column. The applicability of the SDC approach was confirmed for porous particle-based column as well, but with 1.5 lower productivity compared to the monoliths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urh Černigoj
- BIA Separations d.o.o, a Sartorius Company, Ajdovščina, Slovenia
| | - Blaž Nemec
- BIA Separations d.o.o, a Sartorius Company, Ajdovščina, Slovenia
| | - Aleš Štrancar
- BIA Separations d.o.o, a Sartorius Company, Ajdovščina, Slovenia
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7
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Production- and Purification-Relevant Properties of Human and Murine Cytomegalovirus. Viruses 2021; 13:v13122481. [PMID: 34960750 PMCID: PMC8706497 DOI: 10.3390/v13122481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a large unmet need for a prophylactic vaccine against human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) to combat the ubiquitous infection that is ongoing with this pathogen. A vaccination against HCMV could protect immunocompromised patients and prevent birth defects caused by congenital HCMV infections. Moreover, cytomegalovirus (CMV) has a number of features that make it a very interesting vector platform for gene therapy. In both cases, preparation of a highly purified virus is a prerequisite for safe and effective application. Murine CMV (MCMV) is by far the most studied model for HCMV infections with regard to the principles that govern the immune surveillance of CMVs. Knowledge transfer from MCMV and mice to HCMV and humans could be facilitated by better understanding and characterization of the biological and biophysical properties of both viruses. We carried out a detailed investigation of HCMV and MCMV growth kinetics as well as stability under the influence of clarification and different storage conditions. Further, we investigated the possibilities to concentrate and purify both viruses by ultracentrifugation and ion-exchange chromatography. Defective enveloped particles were not separately analyzed; however, the behavior of exosomes was examined during all experiments. The effectiveness of procedures was monitored using CCID50 assay, Nanoparticle tracking analysis, ELISA for host cell proteins, and quantitative PCR for host cell DNA. MCMV generally proved to be more robust in handling. Despite its greater sensitivity, HCMV was efficiently (100% recovery) purified and concentrated by anion-exchange chromatography using QA monolithic support. The majority of the host genomic DNA as well as most of the host cell proteins were removed by this procedure.
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8
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Stantič M, Gunčar G, Kuzman D, Mravljak R, Cvijić T, Podgornik A. Application of lectin immobilized on polyHIPE monoliths for bioprocess monitoring of glycosylated proteins. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1174:122731. [PMID: 33971517 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In-process monitoring of glycosylated protein concentration becomes very important with the introduction of perfusion bioprocesses. Affinity chromatography based on lectins allows selective monitoring when carbohydrates are accessible on the protein surface. In this work, we immobilized lectin on polyHIPE type of monoliths and implemented it for bioprocess monitoring. A spacer was introduced to lectin, which increased binding kinetics toward Fc-fusion protein, demonstrated by bio-layer interferometry. Furthermore, complete desorption using 0.25 M galactose was shown. Affinity column exhibited linearity in the range between 0.5 and 8 mg/ml and flow-unaffected binding for the flow-rates between 0.5 and 8 ml/min. Long-term stability over at least four months period was demonstrated. No unspecific binding of culture media components, including host cell proteins and DNA, was detected. Results obtained by affinity column matched concentration values obtained by a reference method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Metka Stantič
- Faculty for Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gregor Gunčar
- Faculty for Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Drago Kuzman
- Technical development biosimilars, Global drug development, Novartis, Kolodvorska 27, 1234 Mengeš, Slovenia
| | - Rok Mravljak
- Faculty for Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tamara Cvijić
- Technical development biosimilars, Global drug development, Novartis, Kolodvorska 27, 1234 Mengeš, Slovenia
| | - Aleš Podgornik
- Faculty for Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; COBIK, Tovarniška 26, 5270 Ajdovščina, Slovenia.
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Černigoj U, Štrancar A. Scale-Up of Plasmid DNA Downstream Process Based on Chromatographic Monoliths. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2197:167-192. [PMID: 32827137 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0872-2_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Purification of high-quality plasmid DNA in large quantities is a crucial step in its production for therapeutic use and is usually conducted by different chromatographic techniques. Large-scale preparations require the optimization of yield and homogeneity, while maximizing removal of contaminants and preserving molecular integrity. The advantages of Convective Interaction Media® (CIM®) monolith stationary phases, including low backpressure, fast separation of macromolecules, and flow-rate-independent resolution qualified them to be used effectively in separation of plasmid DNA on laboratory as well as on large scale. A development and scale-up of plasmid DNA downstream process based on chromatographic monoliths is described and discussed below. Special emphasis is put on the introduction of process analytical technology principles and tools for optimization and control of a downstream process.
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10
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Kazarian AA, Barnhart W, Campuzano IDG, Cabrera J, Fitch T, Long J, Sham K, Wu B, Murray JK. Purification of guanine-quadruplex using monolithic stationary phase under ion-exchange conditions. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1634:461633. [PMID: 33189959 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The current study investigates a method for purification of the G-quadruplex secondary structure, naturally formed by a guanine-rich 21-mer oligonucleotide strand using a monolithic convective interaction media-quaternary amine (CIM-QA) column under ion-exchange conditions. The monolithic support was initially evaluated on a preparative scale against a highly efficient TSKgel SuperQ-5PW ion-exchange support designed for oligonucleotide purification. The CIM analogue demonstrated clear advantages over the particle-based support on the basis of rapid separation times, while also affording high purity of the G-quadruplex. Various parameters were investigated including the type of mobile phase anion, cation, pH and injection load to induce and control quadruplex formation, as well as enhance chromatographic separation and final purity. Potassium afforded the most prominent quadruplex formation, yet sodium allowed for the highest resolution and purity to be achieved with a 30 mg injection on an 8 ml CIM-QA monolithic column. This method was applied to purify in excess of 300 mg of the quadruplex, with excellent retention time precision of under 1% RSD. Native mass spectrometry was utilized to confirm the identity of the intact G-quadruplex under non-denaturing conditions, while ion-pairing reversed-phase methods confirmed the presence of the single-stranded oligonucleotide in high purity (92%) under denaturing conditions. The key advantage of the purification method enables isolation of the G-quadruplex in its native state on a milli-gram scale, allowing structural characterization to further our knowledge of its role and function. The G-quadruplex can also be subsequently denaturated at elevated temperature causing single strand formation if additional reactions are to be pursued, such as annealing to form a duplex, and evaluation in in vitro or in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wesley Barnhart
- Amgen Research, Amgen, Inc. One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA, 91320, USA
| | - Iain D G Campuzano
- Amgen Research, Amgen, Inc. One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA, 91320, USA
| | - Jeremy Cabrera
- Amgen Research, Amgen, Inc. One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA, 91320, USA
| | - Theodore Fitch
- Amgen Research, Amgen, Inc. One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA, 91320, USA
| | - Jason Long
- Amgen Research, Amgen, Inc. One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA, 91320, USA
| | - Kelvin Sham
- Amgen Research, Amgen, Inc. One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA, 91320, USA
| | - Bin Wu
- Amgen Research, Amgen, Inc. One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA, 91320, USA
| | - Justin K Murray
- Amgen Research, Amgen, Inc. One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA, 91320, USA
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11
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Süβ S, Bartsch K, Wasmus C, Damm C, Segets D, Peukert W. Chromatographic property classification of narrowly distributed ZnS quantum dots. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:12114-12125. [PMID: 32484198 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr03890c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Although optimized synthesis methods for nanoparticles (NPs) on small scale can lead to narrow particle size distributions (PSDs) and thus defined optical properties, in particular during scale-up, an additional classification step must be applied to adjust the particle properties according to the needs of the later application. NP chromatography is a promising separation method, which can be potentially transferred to preparative and industrial scale. Herein, we demonstrate that remarkable classification of ZnS quantum dots (QDs) with respect to the fundamental band gap energy is achieved by chromatography although the PSD of the feed material is already very narrow (1.5-3.0 nm). We investigated the interactions of ZnS QDs with stationary and mobile phase materials in order to select a proper material couple so that irreversible NP adhesion, agglomeration, decomposition or dissolution of the ZnS QDs during the chromatographic experiments are avoided and highly reproducible chromatograms are obtained. Using a fraction collector, the already narrowly size distributed feed material was separated into coarse and fine fractions with distinct band gap energies. For characterization of the chromatographic fractionation, quantities known from particle technology, i.e. separation efficiency, cut size and yield, were adapted to the band gap energy distributions accessible from UV/Vis spectroscopy. The optimization of process conditions (flow rate, temperature, switching time of the fraction collector) allows fine-tuning of the property classification and therefore of the optical properties within the narrow distribution of the ZnS QDs. Our study shows the strength and high potential of chromatography for preparative and continuous separation of NPs even in case of narrow size-distributed sub-10 nm semiconductor QDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Süβ
- Institute of Particle Technology (LFG), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Cauerstr. 4, 91058 Erlangen, Germany. and Interdisciplinary Center for Functional Particle Systems (FPS), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Haberstraße 9a, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Katja Bartsch
- Institute of Particle Technology (LFG), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Cauerstr. 4, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Christina Wasmus
- Institute of Particle Technology (LFG), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Cauerstr. 4, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Cornelia Damm
- Institute of Particle Technology (LFG), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Cauerstr. 4, 91058 Erlangen, Germany. and Interdisciplinary Center for Functional Particle Systems (FPS), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Haberstraße 9a, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Doris Segets
- Process Technology for Electrochemical Functional Materials, and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen (UDE), Carl-Benz-Straße 199, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Peukert
- Institute of Particle Technology (LFG), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Cauerstr. 4, 91058 Erlangen, Germany. and Interdisciplinary Center for Functional Particle Systems (FPS), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Haberstraße 9a, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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Hasegawa S, Chen CS, Yoshimoto N, Yamamoto S. Optimization of Flow-Through Chromatography of Proteins. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN 2020. [DOI: 10.1252/jcej.20we003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sumiko Hasegawa
- Graduate School of Medicine, Biomedical Engineering Center (YUBEC), Yamaguchi University
| | - Chyi-Shin Chen
- Graduate School of Medicine, Biomedical Engineering Center (YUBEC), Yamaguchi University
| | - Noriko Yoshimoto
- Graduate School of Medicine, Biomedical Engineering Center (YUBEC), Yamaguchi University
| | - Shuichi Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Medicine, Biomedical Engineering Center (YUBEC), Yamaguchi University
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13
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Hasegawa S, Chen CS, Yoshimoto N, Yamamoto S. Accelerated Method for Designing Flow-Through Chromatography of Proteins. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN 2020. [DOI: 10.1252/jcej.20we002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sumiko Hasegawa
- Graduate School of Medicine, Biomedical Engineering Center (YUBEC), Yamaguchi University
| | - Chyi-Shin Chen
- Graduate School of Medicine, Biomedical Engineering Center (YUBEC), Yamaguchi University
| | - Noriko Yoshimoto
- Graduate School of Medicine, Biomedical Engineering Center (YUBEC), Yamaguchi University
| | - Shuichi Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Medicine, Biomedical Engineering Center (YUBEC), Yamaguchi University
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14
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Kim YS, Kim JS, Sun G, An HJ, Cheong WJ. Ground Organic Particles of ca. 3 μm Size as Chromatographic Separation Media in High Performance Liquid Chromatography. Chromatographia 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-020-03894-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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15
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Kim YS, Kim JS, Sun G, Cheong WJ. Development of Ground Organic Monolith Particles as Packing Material in High Performance Liquid Chromatography. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.11951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yune Sung Kim
- Department of ChemistryInha University Incheon 22212 South Korea
| | - Jeong Soo Kim
- Department of ChemistryInha University Incheon 22212 South Korea
| | - Genlin Sun
- Department of ChemistryInha University Incheon 22212 South Korea
| | - Won Jo Cheong
- Department of ChemistryInha University Incheon 22212 South Korea
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16
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Multia E, Tear CJY, Palviainen M, Siljander P, Riekkola ML. Fast isolation of highly specific population of platelet-derived extracellular vesicles from blood plasma by affinity monolithic column, immobilized with anti-human CD61 antibody. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1091:160-168. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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17
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An annular-flow, hollow-fiber membrane chromatography device for fast, high-resolution protein separation at low pressure. J Memb Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.117305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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18
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Rapid affinity chromatographic isolation method for LDL in human plasma by immobilized chondroitin-6-sulfate and anti-apoB-100 antibody monolithic disks in tandem. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11235. [PMID: 31375727 PMCID: PMC6677805 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47750-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is considered the major risk factor for the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVDs). A novel and rapid method for the isolation of LDL from human plasma was developed utilising affinity chromatography with monolithic stationary supports. The isolation method consisted of two polymeric monolithic disk columns, one immobilized with chondroitin-6-sulfate (C6S) and the other with apolipoprotein B-100 monoclonal antibody (anti-apoB-100 mAb). The first disk with C6S was targeted to remove chylomicrons, very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) particles, and their remnants including intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL) particles, thus allowing the remaining major lipoprotein species, i.e. LDL, lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) to flow to the anti-apoB-100 disk. The second disk captured LDL particles via the anti-apoB-100 mAb attached on the disk surface in a highly specific manner, permitting the selective LDL isolation. The success of LDL isolation was confirmed by different techniques including quartz crystal microbalance. In addition, the method developed gave comparable results with ultracentrifugation, conventionally used as a standard method. The reliable results achieved together with a short isolation time (less than 30 min) suggest the method to be suitable for clinically relevant LDL functional assays.
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19
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Modena MM, Rühle B, Burg TP, Wuttke S. Nanoparticle Characterization: What to Measure? ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1901556. [PMID: 31148285 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201901556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
What to measure? is a key question in nanoscience, and it is not straightforward to address as different physicochemical properties define a nanoparticle sample. Most prominent among these properties are size, shape, surface charge, and porosity. Today researchers have an unprecedented variety of measurement techniques at their disposal to assign precise numerical values to those parameters. However, methods based on different physical principles probe different aspects, not only of the particles themselves, but also of their preparation history and their environment at the time of measurement. Understanding these connections can be of great value for interpreting characterization results and ultimately controlling the nanoparticle structure-function relationship. Here, the current techniques that enable the precise measurement of these fundamental nanoparticle properties are presented and their practical advantages and disadvantages are discussed. Some recommendations of how the physicochemical parameters of nanoparticles should be investigated and how to fully characterize these properties in different environments according to the intended nanoparticle use are proposed. The intention is to improve comparability of nanoparticle properties and performance to ensure the successful transfer of scientific knowledge to industrial real-world applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario M Modena
- ETH Zurich, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058, Basel, BS, Switzerland
| | - Bastian Rühle
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard-Willstätter - Str 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas P Burg
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Merckstrasse 25, 64283, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Stefan Wuttke
- Department of Chemistry, Center for NanoScience (CeNS), University of Munich (LMU), 81377, Munich, Germany
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940, Leioa, Spain
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20
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Chen G, Zhitomirsky I, Ghosh R. Fast, low-pressure chromatographic separation of proteins using hydroxyapatite nanoparticles. Talanta 2019; 199:472-477. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.02.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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21
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Guerra A, von Stosch M, Glassey J. Toward biotherapeutic product real-time quality monitoring. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2019; 39:289-305. [DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2018.1524362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- André Guerra
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Moritz von Stosch
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Jarka Glassey
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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22
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Süß S, Metzger C, Damm C, Segets D, Peukert W. Quantitative evaluation of nanoparticle classification by size-exclusion chromatography. POWDER TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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23
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Satzer P, Sommer R, Paulsson J, Rodler A, Zehetner R, Hofstädter K, Klade C, Jungbauer A. Monolith affinity chromatography for the rapid quantification of a single-chain variable fragment immunotoxin. J Sep Sci 2018; 41:3051-3059. [PMID: 29873445 PMCID: PMC6099420 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201800257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
We developed a novel analytical method for concentration determination of tandem single‐chain antibody diphtheria toxin (immunotoxin). The method is based on polymethacrylate monoliths with Protein L ligands as the binding moiety. Different buffers were tested for elution of the Protein L‐bound immunotoxin and 4.5 M guanidinium hydrochloride performed best. We optimized the elution conditions and the method sequence resulting in a fast and robust method with a runtime <10 min. Fast determination of immunotoxin is critical if any process decisions rely on this data. We determined method performance and a lower limit of detection of 27 μg/mL and a lower limit of quantification of 90 μg/mL was achieved. The validity of the method in terms of residual analysis, precision, and repeatability was proven in a range from 100 to 375 μg/mL. The short runtime and ease of use of a high‐performance liquid chromatography method is especially useful for a process analytical tool approach. Bioprocesses related to immunotoxin where fermentation or other process parameters can be adjusted in accordance to the immunotoxin levels will be benefited from this method to achieve the highest possible purity and productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Satzer
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ralf Sommer
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johanna Paulsson
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Agnes Rodler
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | - Alois Jungbauer
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Vienna, Austria
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24
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Improving the quality of a recombinant rabbit monoclonal antibody against PLXDC2 by optimizing transient expression conditions and purification method. Protein Expr Purif 2018; 146:27-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2018.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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25
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Feasibility study for high-resolution multi-component separation of protein mixture using a cation-exchange cuboid packed-bed device. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1549:25-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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26
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Podgornik A, Hamachi M, Isakari Y, Yoshimoto N, Yamamoto S. Effect of pore size on performance of monolithic tube chromatography of large biomolecules. Electrophoresis 2017; 38:2892-2899. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ales Podgornik
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology; University of Ljubljana; Ljubljana Slovenia
- Center of Excellence; COBIK; Ajdovščina Slovenia
| | - Masataka Hamachi
- Bio-Process Engineering Laboratory, Graduate School of Medicine; Yamaguchi University; Ube Japan
| | - Yu Isakari
- Bio-Process Engineering Laboratory, Graduate School of Medicine; Yamaguchi University; Ube Japan
| | - Noriko Yoshimoto
- Bio-Process Engineering Laboratory, Graduate School of Medicine; Yamaguchi University; Ube Japan
- Biomedical Engineering Center (YUBEC); Yamaguchi University; Ube Japan
| | - Shuichi Yamamoto
- Bio-Process Engineering Laboratory, Graduate School of Medicine; Yamaguchi University; Ube Japan
- Biomedical Engineering Center (YUBEC); Yamaguchi University; Ube Japan
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27
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Amorim LFA, Gaspar R, Pereira P, Černigoj U, Sousa F, Queiroz JA, Sousa Â. Chromatographic HPV-16 E6/E7 plasmid vaccine purification employing L-histidine and 1-benzyl-L-histidine affinity ligands. Electrophoresis 2017; 38:2975-2980. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lúcia F. A. Amorim
- CICS-UBI - Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde; Universidade da Beira Interior; Covilhã Portugal
| | - Rita Gaspar
- CICS-UBI - Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde; Universidade da Beira Interior; Covilhã Portugal
| | - Patrícia Pereira
- CICS-UBI - Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde; Universidade da Beira Interior; Covilhã Portugal
| | | | - Fani Sousa
- CICS-UBI - Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde; Universidade da Beira Interior; Covilhã Portugal
| | - João António Queiroz
- CICS-UBI - Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde; Universidade da Beira Interior; Covilhã Portugal
| | - Ângela Sousa
- CICS-UBI - Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde; Universidade da Beira Interior; Covilhã Portugal
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28
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Matlschweiger A, Engelmaier H, Himmler G, Hahn R. Secretory immunoglobulin purification from whey by chromatographic techniques. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1060:53-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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29
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Vidic U, Trbojević-Akmačić I, Černigoj U, Albers M, Gašperšič J, Pučić-Baković M, Vidič J, Štrancar A, Lauc G. Semi-high-throughput isolation andN-glycan analysis of human fibrinogen using monolithic supports bearing monoclonal anti-human fibrinogen antibodies. Electrophoresis 2017; 38:2922-2930. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Malena Albers
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory; Zagreb Croatia
- Hannover Medical School; Institute of Clinical Biochemistry; Hannover Germany
| | | | | | - Jana Vidič
- BIA Separations d.o.o.; Ajdovščina Slovenia
| | - Aleš Štrancar
- BIA Separations d.o.o.; Ajdovščina Slovenia
- COBIK; Ajdovščina Slovenia
| | - Gordan Lauc
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory; Zagreb Croatia
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry; University of Zagreb; Zagreb Croatia
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30
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Krajacic M, Ravnikar M, Štrancar A, Gutiérrez-Aguirre I. Application of monolithic chromatographic supports in virus research. Electrophoresis 2017; 38:2827-2836. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mladen Krajacic
- Department of Biology; Faculty of Science; University of Zagreb; Zagreb Croatia
| | - Maja Ravnikar
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology; National Institute of Biology; Ljubljana Slovenia
| | | | - Ion Gutiérrez-Aguirre
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology; National Institute of Biology; Ljubljana Slovenia
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31
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Towards automation in protein digestion: Development of a monolithic trypsin immobilized reactor for highly efficient on-line digestion and analysis. Talanta 2017; 167:143-157. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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32
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Karkra K, Tetala KK, Vijayalakshmi M. A structure based plasma protein pre-fractionation using conjoint immobilized metal/chelate affinity (IMA) system. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1052:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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33
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Sviben D, Forcic D, Ivancic-Jelecki J, Halassy B, Brgles M. Recovery of infective virus particles in ion-exchange and hydrophobic interaction monolith chromatography is influenced by particle charge and total-to-infective particle ratio. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1054:10-19. [PMID: 28415019 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Viral particles are used in medical applications as vaccines or gene therapy vectors. In order to obtain product of high purity, potency and safety for medical use purification of virus particles is a prerequisite, and chromatography is gaining increased attention to meet this aim. Here, we report on the use of ion-exchange and hydrophobic interaction chromatography on monolithic columns for purification of mumps virus (MuV) and measles virus (MeV). Efficiency of the process was monitored by quantification of infective virus particles (by 50% cell culture infective dose assay) and total virus particles, and monitoring of their size (by Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis). Ion-exchange chromatography was shown to be inefficient for MuV and best results for MeV were obtained on QA column with recovery around 17%. Purification of MuV and MeV by hydrophobic interaction chromatography resulted in recoveries around 60%. Results showed that columns with small channels (d=1.4μm) are not suitable for MuV and MeV, although their size is below 400nm, whereas columns with large channels (6μm) showed to be efficient and recoveries independent on the flow rate up to 10mL/min. Heterogeneity of the virus suspension and its interday variability mostly regarding total-to-infective particle ratio was observed. Interestingly, a trend in recovery depending on the day of the harvest was also observed for both viruses, and it correlated with the total-to-infective particle ratio, indicating influence of the virus sample composition on the chromatography results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora Sviben
- University of Zagreb, Centre for Research and Knowledge Transfer in Biotechnology, Rockefellerova 10, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; Centre of Excellence for Viral Immunology and Vaccines, CERVirVac, Croatia
| | - Dubravko Forcic
- University of Zagreb, Centre for Research and Knowledge Transfer in Biotechnology, Rockefellerova 10, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; Centre of Excellence for Viral Immunology and Vaccines, CERVirVac, Croatia
| | - Jelena Ivancic-Jelecki
- University of Zagreb, Centre for Research and Knowledge Transfer in Biotechnology, Rockefellerova 10, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; Centre of Excellence for Viral Immunology and Vaccines, CERVirVac, Croatia
| | - Beata Halassy
- University of Zagreb, Centre for Research and Knowledge Transfer in Biotechnology, Rockefellerova 10, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; Centre of Excellence for Viral Immunology and Vaccines, CERVirVac, Croatia
| | - Marija Brgles
- University of Zagreb, Centre for Research and Knowledge Transfer in Biotechnology, Rockefellerova 10, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; Centre of Excellence for Viral Immunology and Vaccines, CERVirVac, Croatia.
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34
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Andrejčič M, Podgornik A. Effect of pressure drop model implemented for description of pressure drop on chromatographic monolith on estimated adsorbed layer thickness. Chem Eng Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2016.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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35
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Ruščić J, Ambriović-Ristov A, Majhen D, Kolundžija S, Barut M, Benihoud K, Krajačić M. Manipulating adenoviral vector ion-exchange chromatography: Hexon versus fiber. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:4299-4304. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Ruščić
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science; University of Zagreb; Zagreb Croatia
| | - Andreja Ambriović-Ristov
- Division of Molecular Biology, Laboratory for Cell Biology and Signaling; Ruđer Bošković Institute; Zagreb Croatia
| | - Dragomira Majhen
- Division of Molecular Biology, Laboratory for Cell Biology and Signaling; Ruđer Bošković Institute; Zagreb Croatia
| | - Sandra Kolundžija
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science; University of Zagreb; Zagreb Croatia
| | | | - Karim Benihoud
- Univ Paris-Sud; Orsay Cedex France
- CNRS UMR 8203, Vectorologie et thérapeutiques anticancéreuses; Gustave Roussy; Villejuif Cedex France
| | - Mladen Krajačić
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science; University of Zagreb; Zagreb Croatia
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36
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Černigoj U, Gašperšič J, Fichtenbaum A, Lendero Krajnc N, Vidič J, Mitulović G, Štrancar A. Titanium dioxide nanoparticle coating of polymethacrylate-based chromatographic monoliths for phosphopetides enrichment. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 942:146-154. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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37
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Gu H, Yin D, Ren J, Zhang B, Zhang Q. Preparation of quaternary amine monolithic column for strong anion-exchange chromatography and its application to the separation of Enterovirus 71. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1033-1034:399-405. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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38
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Asymmetric flow field flow fractionation methods for virus purification. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1469:108-119. [PMID: 27697294 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.09.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Detailed biochemical and biophysical characterization of viruses requires viral preparations of high quantity and purity. The optimization of virus production and purification is an essential, but laborious and time-consuming process. Asymmetric flow field flow fractionation (AF4) is an attractive alternative method for virus purification because it is a rapid and gentle separation method that should preserve viral infectivity. Here we optimized the AF4 conditions to be used for purification of a model virus, bacteriophage PRD1, from various types of starting materials. Our results show that AF4 is well suited for PRD1 purification as monitored by virus recovery and specific infectivity. Short analysis time and high sample loads enabled us to use AF4 for preparative scale purification of PRD1. Furthermore, we show that AF4 enables the rapid real-time analysis of progeny virus production in infected cells.
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39
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Characterization of methacrylate chromatographic monoliths bearing affinity ligands. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1464:72-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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40
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Guryanov I, Fiorucci S, Tennikova T. Receptor-ligand interactions: Advanced biomedical applications. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 68:890-903. [PMID: 27524092 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.07.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Receptor-ligand interactions (RLIs) are at the base of all biological events occurring in living cells. The understanding of interactions between complementary macromolecules in biological systems represents a high-priority research area in bionanotechnology to design the artificial systems mimicking natural processes. This review summarizes and analyzes RLIs in some cutting-edge biomedical fields, in particular, for the preparation of novel stationary phases to separate complex biological mixtures in medical diagnostics, for the design of ultrasensitive biosensors for identification of biomarkers of various diseases at early stages, as well as in the development of innovative biomaterials and approaches for regenerative medicine. All these biotechnological fields are closely related, because their success depends on a proper choice, combination and spatial disposition of the single components of ligand-receptor pairs on the surface of appropriately designed support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Guryanov
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Stefano Fiorucci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06122 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Tatiana Tennikova
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia.
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41
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Steppert P, Burgstaller D, Klausberger M, Berger E, Aguilar PP, Schneider TA, Kramberger P, Tover A, Nöbauer K, Razzazi-Fazeli E, Jungbauer A. Purification of HIV-1 gag virus-like particles and separation of other extracellular particles. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1455:93-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.05.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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42
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Špec T, Peljhan S, Vidič J, Krajnc NL, Fonović M, Tavzes Č, Ropret P. CIM® monolith chromatography-enhanced ELISA detection of proteins in artists' paints: Ovalbumin as a case study. Microchem J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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43
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Groarke RJ, Brabazon D. Methacrylate Polymer Monoliths for Separation Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2016; 9:E446. [PMID: 28773570 PMCID: PMC5456823 DOI: 10.3390/ma9060446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes the development of methacrylate-based polymer monoliths for separation science applications. An introduction to monoliths is presented, followed by the preparation methods and characteristics specific to methacrylate monoliths. Both traditional chemical based syntheses and emerging additive manufacturing methods are presented along with an analysis of the different types of functional groups, which have been utilized with methacrylate monoliths. The role of methacrylate based porous materials in separation science in industrially important chemical and biological separations are discussed, with particular attention given to the most recent developments and challenges associated with these materials. While these monoliths have been shown to be useful for a wide variety of applications, there is still scope for exerting better control over the porous architectures and chemistries obtained from the different fabrication routes. Conclusions regarding this previous work are drawn and an outlook towards future challenges and potential developments in this vibrant research area are presented. Discussed in particular are the potential of additive manufacturing for the preparation of monolithic structures with pre-defined multi-scale porous morphologies and for the optimization of surface reactive chemistries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Groarke
- Advanced Processing Technology Research Centre, Dublin City University, Collins Avenue, Dublin 9, Ireland.
- National Sensor Research Centre, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland.
| | - Dermot Brabazon
- Advanced Processing Technology Research Centre, Dublin City University, Collins Avenue, Dublin 9, Ireland.
- National Sensor Research Centre, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland.
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44
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Tarasova IA, Lobas AA, Černigoj U, Solovyeva EM, Mahlberg B, Ivanov MV, Panić-Janković T, Nagy Z, Pridatchenko ML, Pungor A, Nemec B, Vidic U, Gašperšič J, Krajnc NL, Vidič J, Gorshkov MV, Mitulović G. Depletion of human serum albumin in embryo culture media for in vitro fertilization using monolithic columns with immobilized antibodies. Electrophoresis 2016; 37:2322-7. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201500489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Irina A. Tarasova
- V.L. Talrose Institute for Energy Problems of Chemical Physics; Russian Academy of Sciences; Moscow Russia
| | - Anna A. Lobas
- V.L. Talrose Institute for Energy Problems of Chemical Physics; Russian Academy of Sciences; Moscow Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University); Dolgoprudny Moscow Russia
| | | | - Elizaveta M. Solovyeva
- V.L. Talrose Institute for Energy Problems of Chemical Physics; Russian Academy of Sciences; Moscow Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University); Dolgoprudny Moscow Russia
| | - Barbara Mahlberg
- Clinical Instititute of Laboratory Medicine; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Mark V. Ivanov
- V.L. Talrose Institute for Energy Problems of Chemical Physics; Russian Academy of Sciences; Moscow Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University); Dolgoprudny Moscow Russia
| | - Tanja Panić-Janković
- Clinical Instititute of Laboratory Medicine; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Zoltan Nagy
- Faculty of Science and Technology; University of Debrecen; Debrecen Hungary
| | - Marina L. Pridatchenko
- V.L. Talrose Institute for Energy Problems of Chemical Physics; Russian Academy of Sciences; Moscow Russia
| | - Andras Pungor
- Faculty of Science and Technology; University of Debrecen; Debrecen Hungary
| | - Blaž Nemec
- BIA Separations d.o.o; Ajdovščina Slovenia
| | | | | | | | - Jana Vidič
- BIA Separations d.o.o; Ajdovščina Slovenia
| | - Mikhail V. Gorshkov
- V.L. Talrose Institute for Energy Problems of Chemical Physics; Russian Academy of Sciences; Moscow Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University); Dolgoprudny Moscow Russia
| | - Goran Mitulović
- Clinical Instititute of Laboratory Medicine; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
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45
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Mayolo-Deloisa K, González-Valdez J, Rito-Palomares M. PEGylated protein separation using different hydrophobic interaction supports: Conventional and monolithic supports. Biotechnol Prog 2016; 32:702-7. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karla Mayolo-Deloisa
- Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey. Campus Monterrey; Monterrey NL 64849 México
| | - José González-Valdez
- Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey. Campus Monterrey; Monterrey NL 64849 México
| | - Marco Rito-Palomares
- Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey. Campus Monterrey; Monterrey NL 64849 México
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46
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Acquah C, Danquah MK, Moy CKS, Ongkudon CM. In-process thermochemical analysis ofin situpoly(ethylene glycol methacrylate-co-glycidyl methacrylate) monolithic adsorbent synthesis. J Appl Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/app.43507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caleb Acquah
- Curtin Sarawak Research Institute; Curtin University; Sarawak 98009 Malaysia
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Curtin University; Sarawak 98009 Malaysia
| | - Michael K. Danquah
- Curtin Sarawak Research Institute; Curtin University; Sarawak 98009 Malaysia
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Curtin University; Sarawak 98009 Malaysia
| | - Charles K. S. Moy
- Department of Civil Engineering; Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University; Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - Clarence M. Ongkudon
- Biotechnology Research Institute; Universiti Malaysia Sabah; Kota Kinabalu, Sabah 88400 Malaysia
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47
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Acquah C, Moy CKS, Danquah MK, Ongkudon CM. Development and characteristics of polymer monoliths for advanced LC bioscreening applications: A review. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1015-1016:121-134. [PMID: 26919447 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 02/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Biomedical research advances over the past two decades in bioseparation science and engineering have led to the development of new adsorbent systems called monoliths, mostly as stationary supports for liquid chromatography (LC) applications. They are acknowledged to offer better mass transfer hydrodynamics than their particulate counterparts. Also, their architectural and morphological traits can be tailored in situ to meet the hydrodynamic size of molecules which include proteins, pDNA, cells and viral targets. This has enabled their development for a plethora of enhanced bioscreening applications including biosensing, biomolecular purification, concentration and separation, achieved through the introduction of specific functional moieties or ligands (such as triethylamine, N,N-dimethyl-N-dodecylamine, antibodies, enzymes and aptamers) into the molecular architecture of monoliths. Notwithstanding, the application of monoliths presents major material and bioprocess challenges. The relationship between in-process polymerisation characteristics and the physicochemical properties of monolith is critical to optimise chromatographic performance. There is also a need to develop theoretical models for non-invasive analyses and predictions. This review article therefore discusses in-process analytical conditions, functionalisation chemistries and ligands relevant to establish the characteristics of monoliths in order to facilitate a wide range of enhanced bioscreening applications. It gives emphasis to the development of functional polymethacrylate monoliths for microfluidic and preparative scale bio-applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb Acquah
- Curtin Sarawak Research Institute, Curtin University, Sarawak 98009, Malaysia; Department of Chemical Engineering, Curtin University, Sarawak 98009, Malaysia
| | - Charles K S Moy
- Department of Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Michael K Danquah
- Curtin Sarawak Research Institute, Curtin University, Sarawak 98009, Malaysia; Department of Chemical Engineering, Curtin University, Sarawak 98009, Malaysia.
| | - Clarence M Ongkudon
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah 88400, Malaysia
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48
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Mass spectrometry characterization of circulating human serum albumin microheterogeneity in patients with alcoholic hepatitis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 122:141-7. [PMID: 26852162 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Human serum albumin (HSA) is the most abundant plasma protein, endowed with several biological properties unrelated to its oncotic power, such as antioxidant and free-radicals scavenging activities, binding and transport of many endogenous and exogenous substances, and regulation of endothelial function and inflammatory response. These non-oncotic activities are closely connected to the peculiarly dynamic structure of the albumin molecule. HSA undergoes spontaneous structural modifications, mainly by reaction with oxidants and saccharides; however, patients with cirrhosis show extensive post-transcriptional changes at several molecular sites of HSA, the degree of which parallels the severity of the disease. The present work reports the development and application of an innovative LC-MS analytical method for a rapid and reproducible determination of the relative abundance of HSA isoforms in plasma samples from alcoholic hepatitis (AH) patients. A condition of severe oxidative stress, similar to that observed in AH patients, is associated with profound changes in circulating HSA microheterogeneity. More interestingly, the high resolution provided by the analytical platform allowed the monitoring of novel oxidative products of HSA never reported before.
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Isakari Y, Podgornik A, Yoshimoto N, Yamamoto S. Monolith disk chromatography separates PEGylated protein positional isoforms within minutes at low pressure. Biotechnol J 2015; 11:100-6. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201500294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Isakari
- Bio-Process Engineering Laboratory, School of Engineering and Graduate School of Medicine; Yamaguchi University; Ube Japan
| | - Ales Podgornik
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology; University of Ljubljana; Ljubljana Slovenia
- Center of Excellence COBIK; Ajdovščina Slovenia
| | - Noriko Yoshimoto
- Bio-Process Engineering Laboratory, School of Engineering and Graduate School of Medicine; Yamaguchi University; Ube Japan
| | - Shuichi Yamamoto
- Bio-Process Engineering Laboratory, School of Engineering and Graduate School of Medicine; Yamaguchi University; Ube Japan
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50
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Abstract
Affinity chromatography is one of the well-known separation techniques especially if high purity is desired. Introducing ligands on monolithic structure gives the possibility for purifying complex media such as plasma and crude extract. This chapter is focusing on the preparation of cryogels as monolithic column and immobilization of concanavalin A on its surface as ligand for capturing the glycoprotein horseradish peroxidase.
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