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Pang B, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Liu ZF, Liu XJ, Feng XS. Recent Update on Pretreatment and Analysis Methods of Buprenorphine in Different Matrix. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2022:1-30. [PMID: 35979823 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2022.2111196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Buprenorphine is one of the most commonly used pain-killing drugs due to its lengthy duration of action and high potency. However, excessive usage of buprenorphine can be harmful to one's health and prolonged use might result in addiction. Additionally, an increasing number of cases have been documented involving the illegal use of buprenorphine. Therefore, a variety of effective and reliable methods for pretreatment and determination of buprenorphine and its main metabolite norbuprenorphine have been established. This review aims to update the current state of pretreatment and detection techniques for buprenorphine and norbuprenorphine from January 2010 to March 2022. Pretreatment methods include several traditional extraction methods, solid-phase extraction, QuECHERS, various micro-extraction techniques, etc. while analytical methods include LC-MS, LC coupled with other detectors, GC-MS, capillary electrophoresis, electrochemical sensors, etc. The pros and cons of various techniques were compared and summarized, and the prospects were provided. HIGHLIGHTSProgress in pretreatment and detection methods for buprenorphine is demonstrated.Pros and cons of different pretreatment and analysis methods are compared.New materials (such as nanomaterials and magnetic materials) used in buprenorphine pretreatment are summarized.Newly emerged environmental-friendly methods are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Pang
- The Queen's University of Belfast Joint College, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Fei Liu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Liu
- The Queen's University of Belfast Joint College, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xue-Song Feng
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Simão AY, Monteiro C, Marques H, Rosado T, Margalho C, Barroso M, Andraus M, Gallardo E. Analysis of opiates in urine using microextraction by packed sorbent and gas Chromatography- Tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2022; 1207:123361. [PMID: 35849978 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2022.123361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Opiates recreational consumption has always been a concern in society, public health, and in clinical toxicology analysis. The aim of this study was to develop and fully validate an analytical method, which was simple and rapid for the determination of tramadol, codeine, morphine, 6- acetylcodeine, 6-monoacetylmorphine and fentanyl using gas chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. The procedure includes the use of microextraction by packed sorbent for sample clean-up. A mixed mode sorbent was used, allowing the minimal use of solvents. The method was validated in urine samples, with the ability to detect and quantify all analytes with satisfactory linearity (in the range of 1 - 1000 ng/mL for all analytes, except for fentanyl (10-1000 ng/mL)). Extraction efficiency varied from 17 to 107%, which did not impair sensitivity, taking into account the low LLOQs obtained (1 ng/ mL for all analytes; and 10 ng/mL for fentanyl). The developed procedure proved to be fast, selective, and accurate for use in routine analysis, with a low volume of sample (250 µL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Y Simão
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior (CICS-UBI) Covilhã, Portugal; Laboratório de Fármaco-Toxicologia, UBIMedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Catarina Monteiro
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior (CICS-UBI) Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Hernâni Marques
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior (CICS-UBI) Covilhã, Portugal; Laboratório de Fármaco-Toxicologia, UBIMedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Tiago Rosado
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior (CICS-UBI) Covilhã, Portugal; Laboratório de Fármaco-Toxicologia, UBIMedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal; C4 - Centro de Competências em Cloud Computing da Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Margalho
- Serviço de Química e Toxicologia Forenses, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal e Ciências Forenses - Delegação do Centro, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mário Barroso
- Serviço de Química e Toxicologia Forenses, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal e Ciências Forenses - Delegação do Sul, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Eugenia Gallardo
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior (CICS-UBI) Covilhã, Portugal; Laboratório de Fármaco-Toxicologia, UBIMedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.
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Kul A, Ozdemir M, Ozilhan S, Sagirli O. A Rapid Method for the Determination of Buprenorphine and Norbuprenorphine in Urine by UPLC-MS/MS. CURR PHARM ANAL 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1573412916999200627010536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Buprenorphine is quite common in the illicit market. Buprenorphinecontaining
drug abuse is frequently encountered in patients. The analysis methods used to determine
the abuse of buprenorphine and norbuprenorphine are important for forensic science. Buprenorphine is
metabolized to norbuprenorphine by the liver.
Objective:
Therefore, the determination of buprenorphine and norbuprenorphine in urine is one of the methods to
determine the abuse of buprenorphine.
Methods:
In this study, we developed a precise, simple, and rapid ultra-performance liquid chromatography-
tandem mass spectrometer method for the determination of buprenorphine and norbuprenorphine
simultaneously.
Results:
The developed method was validated in terms of selectivity and linearity, which was in the
range of 9–1800 ng/mL for both buprenorphine and norbuprenorphine. The intra-assay and inter-assay
accuracy and precision were found within acceptable limits of the EMA guideline. Lower limits of
quantitation were 9 ng/mL for both buprenorphine and norbuprenorphine.
Conclusion:
The developed method was successfully applied for the determination of both analytes in the proficiency
testing samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aykut Kul
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Murat Ozdemir
- Advanced Toxicological Analysis Laboratory, Üsküdar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Selma Ozilhan
- Advanced Toxicological Analysis Laboratory, Üsküdar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Olcay Sagirli
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry for Buprenorphine Evaluation in Plasma-Application to Pharmacokinetic Studies in Rabbits. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26020437. [PMID: 33467733 PMCID: PMC7830787 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The precise and reliable determination of buprenorphine concentration is fundamental in certain medical or research applications, particularly in pharmacokinetic studies of this opioid. The main challenge is, however, the development of an analytical method that is sensitive enough, as the detected in vivo concentrations often fall in very low ranges. Thus, in this study we aimed at developing a sensitive, repeatable, cost-efficient, and easy HPLC analytical protocol for buprenorphine in rabbit plasma. In order to obtain this, the HPLC-MS2 system was used to elaborate and validate the method for samples purified with liquid-liquid extraction. Fragment ions 468.6→396.2 and 468.6→414.2 were monitored, and the method resulted in a high repeatability and reproducibility and a limit of quantification of 0.25 µg/L with a recovery of 98.7–109.0%. The method was linear in a range of 0.25–2000 µg/L. The suitability of the analytical procedure was tested in rabbits in a pilot pharmacokinetic study, and it was revealed that the method was suitable for comprehensively describing the pharmacokinetic profile after buprenorphine intravenous administration at a dose of 300 µg/kg. Thus, the method suitability for pharmacokinetic application was confirmed by both the good validation results of the method and successful in vivo tests in rabbits.
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Yousefi N, Irandoust M, Haghighi M. New and sensitive magnetic carbon paste electrode for voltammetry determination of morphine and methadone. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-020-01962-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Mohammadi F, Shabani AMH, Dadfarnia S, Ansari M, Asgharinezhad AA. Dispersive solid-phase extraction of buprenorphine from biological fluids using metal-organic frameworks and its determination by ultra-performance liquid chromatography. J Sep Sci 2020; 43:3045-3052. [PMID: 32415752 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202000221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In this work, various types of metal-organic frameworks were synthesized, and their affinities toward buprenorphine were evaluated using dispersive solid-phase extraction. The extracted buprenorphine was determined by ultra high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection system. The highest extraction recovery was observed by employing zeolitic imidazole framework-67. Then, a facile and fast extraction method was designed for the extraction and purification of the target drug. Optimization of the extraction method was carried out by the design of experiment approach. A linearity range of 1-1000 μg/L with the limit of detection of 0.15 μg/L and relative standard deviations (50 μg/L, n = 5) of 3.4% was obtained for standard sample analysis. Under optimized experimental and instrumental conditions, the relative recoveries were in the range of 95 to 111%. Eventually, zeolitic imidazole framework-67 was successfully employed for the extraction and determination of buprenorphine in the biological fluids with satisfactory results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mehdi Ansari
- Department of Drug and Food Control, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Wang L, Ni C, Shen H, Sheng Z, Liang C, Wang R, Zhang Y. Comparison of the Detection Windows of Heroin Metabolites in Human Urine Using Online SPE and LC-MS/MS: Importance of Morphine-3-Glucuronide. J Anal Toxicol 2020; 44:22-28. [PMID: 31095707 DOI: 10.1093/jat/bkz040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Heroin abuse is a serious problem that endangers human health and affects social stability. Though often being used as confirmation of heroin use, 6-monoacetylmorphine (6-MAM) has limitations due to its short detection window. To compare the detection windows of heroin metabolites (morphine (MOR), 6-MAM, morphine-3-glucuronide (M3G) and morphine-6-glucuronide (M6G)) in human urine, an automated online solid phase extraction (SPE) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed and fully validated. The limits of detections (LODs) of the four metabolites were in the range of 1.25-5 ng/mL. Intra and inter-day precision for all the metabolites was 0.4-6.7% and 1.8-7.3%, respectively. Accuracy ranged from 92.9 to 101.7%. This method was then applied to the analysis of urine samples of 20 male heroin abusers. M3G was detected 9-11 days after admission to the drug rehabilitation institute in 40% of heroin users while MOR or M6G was not always detected. The detection window of M3G was thus the longest. Furthermore, M3G had a much higher concentration than MOR and M6G. Therefore, M3G could provide diagnostic information with regard to heroin exposure in the combination with other clues (e.g., heroin seizures at the scene).
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Affiliation(s)
- Luying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of New Drug and Pharmaceutical Process, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Crime Scene Evidence, Shanghai Institute of Forensic Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunfang Ni
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Crime Scene Evidence, Shanghai Institute of Forensic Science, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Zhenhai Sheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Crime Scene Evidence, Shanghai Institute of Forensic Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Liang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Crime Scene Evidence, Shanghai Institute of Forensic Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Crime Scene Evidence, Shanghai Institute of Forensic Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Yurong Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Crime Scene Evidence, Shanghai Institute of Forensic Science, Shanghai, China
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8
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Determination of methadone and EDDP in oral fluid using the dried saliva spots sampling approach and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:2177-2187. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-01654-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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9
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Rapid, hydrolysis-free, dilute-and-shoot method for the determination of buprenorphine, norbuprenorphine and their glucuronides in urine samples using UHPLC-MS/MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 166:236-243. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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10
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Magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles for dispersive micro solid-phase extraction and determination of buprenorphine in human urine samples by HPLC-FL. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-018-1355-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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11
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Nakhla DS, Hussein LA, Magdy N, Abdallah IA, Hassan HE. Precise simultaneous quantification of methadone and cocaine in rat serum and brain tissue samples following their successive i.p. administration. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1048:19-29. [PMID: 28192759 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay with dual UV detection has been developed and validated for the simultaneous quantification of methadone and cocaine in rat serum and brain tissue samples. Liquid-liquid extraction using hexanes was applied for samples extraction with Levo-Tetrahydropalmatine (L-THP) as the internal standard. Chromatographic separation of the analytes was achieved on a reversed-phase Waters Symmetry® C18 column (150mm×4.6mm, 5μm). A gradient elution was employed with a mobile phase consisting of 5mM potassium phosphate containing 0.1% triethylamine (pH=6.5) (A) and acetonitrile (B) with a flow rate of 1mL/min. UV detection was employed at 215nm and 235nm for the determination of methadone and cocaine, respectively. The calibration curves were linear over the range of 0.05-10μg/mL for both methadone and cocaine. The assay was validated according to FDA guidelines for bioanalytical method validation and results were satisfactory and met FDA criteria. Inter-day accuracy values of serum and brain samples ranged from 96.97 to 105.59% while intra-day accuracy values ranged from 91.49 to 111.92%. Stability assays showed that both methadone and cocaine were stable during sample storage, preparation, and analytical procedures. The method was successfully used to analyze biological samples obtained from a drug- drug interaction pharmacokinetics (PK) study conducted in rats to investigate the effect of methadone on cocaine PK. Our method not only can be used for bioanalysis of samples obtained from rats but also can potentially be applied to human biological serum samples to monitor compliance to methadone maintenance therapy (MMT) and to detect possible cocaine-methadone co-abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Nakhla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland, School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Lobna A Hussein
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - N Magdy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Inas A Abdallah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland, School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Hazem E Hassan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland, School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt.
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Thai PK, Lai FY, Bruno R, van Dyken E, Hall W, O'Brien J, Prichard J, Mueller JF. Refining the excretion factors of methadone and codeine for wastewater analysis - Combining data from pharmacokinetic and wastewater studies. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2016; 94:307-314. [PMID: 27295047 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Analysing drug residues in wastewater (wastewater analysis) to monitor the consumption of those drugs in the population has become a complementary method to epidemiological surveys. In this method, the excretion factor of a drug (or the percentage of drug metabolites excreted through urine) is a critical parameter for the back-estimation of the consumption of a drug. However, this parameter is usually derived from a small database of human pharmacokinetic studies. This is true for methadone and codeine, the two most commonly used opioids and also common substances of abuse. Therefore, we aimed to refine the current excretion factors used for estimating methadone and codeine by analysing published data from the literature on the excretion of methadone, its main metabolite, 2-ethylidene-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrolidine (EDDP), and codeine. Our review included both human drug pharmacokinetic studies and wastewater analysis studies. We found that while the commonly used excretion factor of methadone (~27.5%) was relatively accurate, the excretion factor of EDDP, a better biomarker for methadone consumption in sewer epidemiology, should be twice that of methadone (i.e. 55%) instead of the current equal or half values. For codeine, the excretion factor should be ~30% instead of 63.5% or 10% as previously used in wastewater analysis studies. Data from wastewater analysis studies could be used in this way to refine the excretion factors of the drugs of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phong K Thai
- Queensland University of Technology, International Laboratory for Air Quality & Health, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; University of Queensland, National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology (Entox), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Foon Yin Lai
- University of Queensland, National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology (Entox), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Raimondo Bruno
- University of Tasmania, School of Psychology, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Emma van Dyken
- University of Tasmania, Law Faculty, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Wayne Hall
- University of Queensland, Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jake O'Brien
- University of Queensland, National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology (Entox), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jeremy Prichard
- University of Tasmania, Law Faculty, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Jochen F Mueller
- University of Queensland, National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology (Entox), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Temerdashev AZ, Grigoriev AM, Rybalchenko IV. Narcotic substances of natural origin and methods of their determination. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934816010135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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Kyle AR, Carmical J, Shah D, Pryor J, Brown S. UHPLC-MS/MS quantification of buprenorphine, norbuprenorphine, methadone, and glucuronide conjugates in umbilical cord plasma. Biomed Chromatogr 2015; 29:1567-74. [PMID: 25808363 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Opioid use during pregnancy can result in the newborn being physically dependent on the substance, thus experiencing drug withdrawal, termed neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS). Buprenorphine and methadone are two drugs used to treat opioid withdrawal and are approved for use in pregnancy. Quantification of these compounds in umbilical cord plasma would help assess in utero exposure of neonates in cases of buprenorphine or methadone use during pregnancy. An LC-MS/MS method using solid-phase extraction sample preparation was developed and validated for the simultaneous quantification of methadone, buprenorphine, norbuprenorphine, and glucuronide metabolites in umbilical cord plasma. The average accuracy (percentage error) and precision (relative standard deviation) were <15% for each validated concentration. Our data establishes a 2 week maximum freezer storage window in order to achieve the most accurate cord plasma concentrations of these analytes. Additionally, we found that the umbilical cord tissue analysis was less sensitive compared with analysis with umbilical cord blood plasma, indicating that this may be a more appropriate matrix for determination of buprenorphine and metabolite concentrations. This method was successfully applied to the analysis of cord blood from women with known buprenorphine or methadone use during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Redmond Kyle
- Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Jennifer Carmical
- Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Darshan Shah
- Department of Pediatrics, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Jason Pryor
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center/Monroe Carell Children's Hospital, Neonatal Perinatal Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Stacy Brown
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, 37614-1708, USA
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INOUE K, OZAWA Y, TOYO'OKA T. Application of Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Sedative Medicine in Clinical Stage. CHROMATOGRAPHY 2015. [DOI: 10.15583/jpchrom.2015.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koichi INOUE
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University
| | - Yuta OZAWA
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
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Behpour M, Valipour A, Keshavarz M. Determination of buprenorphine by differential pulse voltammetry on carbon paste electrode using SDS as an enhancement factor. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2014; 42:500-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.05.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Revised: 05/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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17
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Stability and efficiency of supported liquid membranes in electromembrane extraction—a link to solvent properties. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 406:2151-61. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-7418-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Revised: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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