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Vethe NT, Andersen AM, Gedde-Dahl T, Büchner J, Bergan S. Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Intravenous Busulfan and Analytical Challenges due to the Drug Formulation Excipient PEG 400: Letter to the Editor. Ther Drug Monit 2024; 46:416-417. [PMID: 38648662 DOI: 10.1097/ftd.0000000000001209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Nils Tore Vethe
- Department of Pharmacology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Tobias Gedde-Dahl
- Department of Hematology, Section for Stem Cell Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jochen Büchner
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stein Bergan
- Department of Pharmacology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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2
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Rizzarelli P, Rapisarda M. Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption and Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry of Microbial and Synthetic Biodegradable Polymers. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15102356. [PMID: 37242931 DOI: 10.3390/polym15102356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The in-depth structural and compositional investigation of biodegradable polymeric materials, neat or partly degraded, is crucial for their successful applications. Obviously, an exhaustive structural analysis of all synthetic macromolecules is essential in polymer chemistry to confirm the accomplishment of a preparation procedure, identify degradation products originating from side reactions, and monitor chemical-physical properties. Advanced mass spectrometry (MS) techniques have been increasingly applied in biodegradable polymer studies with a relevant role in their further development, valuation, and extension of application fields. However, single-stage MS is not always sufficient to identify unambiguously the polymer structure. Thus, tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) has more recently been employed for detailed structure characterization and in degradation and drug release monitoring of polymeric samples, among which are biodegradable polymers. This review aims to run through the investigations carried out by the soft ionization technique matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) MS/MS in biodegradable polymers and present the resulting information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Rizzarelli
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Paolo Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Marco Rapisarda
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Paolo Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy
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3
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Godfrey AR, Dunscombe J, Gravell A, Hunter A, Barrow MP, van Keulen G, Desbrow C, Townsend R. Use of QuEChERS as a manual and automated high-throughput protocol for investigating environmental matrices. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 308:136313. [PMID: 36067814 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Environmental pollution has strong links to adverse human health outcomes with risks of pollution through production, use, ineffective wastewater (WW) remediation, and/or leachate from landfill. 'Fit-for-purpose' monitoring approaches are critical for better pollution control and mitigation of harm, with current sample preparation methods for complex environmental matrices typically time-consuming and labour intensive, unsuitable for high-throughput screening. This study has shown that a modified 'Quick Easy Cheap Effective Rugged and Safe' (QuEChERS) sample preparation is a viable alternative for selected environmental matrices required for pollution monitoring (e.g. WW effluent, treated sludge cake and homogenised biota tissue). As a manual approach, reduced extraction times (hours to ∼20 min/sample) with largely reproducible (albeit lower) recoveries of a range of pharmaceuticals and biocidal surfactants have been reported. Its application has shown clear differentiation of matrices via chemometrics, and the measurement of pollutants of interest to the UK WW industry at concentrations significantly above suggested instrument detection limits (IDL) for sludge, indicating insufficient removal and/or bioaccumulation during WW treatment. Furthermore, new pollutant candidates of emerging concern were identified - these included detergents, polymers and pharmaceuticals, with quaternary ammonium compound (QAC) biocides observed at 2.3-70.4 mg/kg, and above levels associated with priority substances for environmental quality regulation (EQSD). Finally, the QuEChERS protocol was adapted to function as a fully automated workflow, further reducing the resource to complete both the preparation and analysis to <40 min. This operated with improved recovery for soil and biota (>62%), and when applied to a largely un-investigated clay matrix, acceptable recovery (88.0-131.1%) and precision (≤10.3% RSD) for the tested pharmaceuticals and biocides was maintained. Therefore, this preliminary study has shown the successful application of a high-throughput QuEChERS protocol across a range of environmental solids for potential deployment in a regulated laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ruth Godfrey
- Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK.
| | | | - Anthony Gravell
- Natural Resources Wales Analytical Services, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Ann Hunter
- Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Mark P Barrow
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | | | - Claire Desbrow
- Biotage GB Limited, Dyffryn Business Park, Hengoed, CF82 7TS, UK
| | - Rachel Townsend
- Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
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4
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Plastic and Placenta: Identification of Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) Compounds in the Human Placenta by HPLC-MS/MS System. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232112743. [PMID: 36361542 PMCID: PMC9656682 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The placenta is a crucial interface between the fetus and the maternal environment. It allows for nutrient absorption, thermal regulation, waste elimination, and gas exchange through the mother's blood supply. Furthermore, the placenta determines important adjustments and epigenetic modifications that can change the phenotypic expression of the individual even long after birth. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is a polyether compound derived from petroleum with many applications, from medicine to industrial manufacturing. In this study, for the first time, an integration of ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) was used to detect suites of PEG compounds in human placenta samples, collected from 12 placentas, originating from physiological pregnancy. In 10 placentas, we identified fragments of PEG in both chorioamniotic membranes and placental cotyledons, for a total of 36 samples.
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5
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Quantification of the actual composition of polymeric nanocapsules: a quality control analysis. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2022; 12:2865-2874. [PMID: 35303273 PMCID: PMC9512864 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-022-01150-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Nanocapsules (NCs) are drug delivery nanosystems that contain an oily core, stabilized by a surfactant, and surrounded by a polymeric shell. The assembling of the components is based on physical and physicochemical forces, and, hence, usually, only a fraction of each component is finally part of the NCs' structure, while the remaining amount might be solubilized or forming micelles in the NCs' suspending medium. Usually, reports on the characterization of nanostructures simply indicate the association efficiency of the loaded drugs instead of their complete final composition. In this work, we have developed a liquid chromatography (LC) mass spectrometry (MS) methodology that allows the quantification of all the components of a series of NCs prepared by different techniques, namely DL-α-tocopherol; D-α-tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate; benzethonium; lecithin; hexadecyltrimethylammonium; 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammoniumpropane; caprylic/capric triglycerides; macrogol 15-hydroxystearate; polysorbate 80; polysialic acid; hyaluronic acid; and polyethylene glycol polyglutamic acid. The LC-MS method was validated in terms of linearity (0.9383 < r2 < 0.9997), quantification limits, and recoveries of the isolated NCs' and waste fractions. The final composition of the isolated NCs was found to strongly depend on their composition and preparation technique. In our view, the rigorous quantification of the exact composition of nanosystems is essential for the progress of nanotechnology. This quantitative analysis will allow researchers to draw more accurate conclusions about the influence of the nanosystems' composition on their biological performance.
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6
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Fast and reliable quantification of busulfan in blood plasma using two-channel liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry: Validation of assay performance in the presence of drug formulation excipients. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 203:114216. [PMID: 34182411 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A fast and reliable method based on two-channel liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry was developed and successfully validated for quantification of busulfan. The drug vehicle polyethylene glycol 400 was quantified simultaneously in patient samples. The sample preparation consisted of simple protein precipitation using a mixture of methanol and zinc sulphate containing busulfan-d8 as internal standard. Chromatographic separation was performed on a short biphenyl column (30 mm × 3.0 mm, 5 μm particles) using a step gradient from 30 % to 85 % methanol, ensuring co-elution of the analyte and internal standard. Quantification was performed using the mass transition of 264.1 > 151.1 for busulfan and 272.1 > 159.1 for the internal standard. Using only 20 μL of plasma sample, the lower limit of quantification was 25 ng/mL. Signal to noise ratio at the lower limit of quantification exceeded 300. The assay performance was not adversely affected by matrix effects originating from drug formulation excipients or other sample components. The coefficient of variation was ≤4 % and the mean accuracy 101-108 % across the calibration range 25-5 000 ng/mL. Chromatographic run time was 2 min and 8 s, allowing an effective run-time of 1 min and 10 s when using two alternating LC-channels. The assay has been implemented in routine practice with accreditation according to the ISO 15189 standard, and performs well in external quality control assessments. We present for the first time that shortly after an IV infusion of busulfan, the plasma levels of polyethylene glycol 400 may be in the range of 400-800 mg/L. The presence of these levels of detergent in patient samples may have detrimental effects on assay performance in LC-MS/MS, not limited to busulfan assays. This may be a concern for any LC-MS/MS analysis performed on samples collected within the first 24 h after an IV infusion of busulfan.
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7
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Veeravalli V, Cheruvu HS, Srivastava P, Vamsi Madgula LM. Three-dimensional aspects of formulation excipients in drug discovery: a critical assessment on orphan excipients, matrix effects and drug interactions. J Pharm Anal 2020; 10:522-531. [PMID: 33425449 PMCID: PMC7775846 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2020.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Formulation/pharmaceutical excipients play a major role in formulating drug candidates, with the objectives of ease of administration, targeted delivery and complete availability. Many excipients used in pharmaceutical formulations are orphanized in preclinical drug discovery. These orphan excipients could enhance formulatability of highly lipophilic compounds. Additionally, they are safe in preclinical species when used below the LD50 values. However, when the excipients are used in formulating compounds with diverse physico-chemical properties, they pose challenges by modulating study results through their bioanalytical matrix effects. Excipients invariably present in study samples and not in the calibration curve standards cause over-/under- estimation of exposures. Thus, the mechanism by which excipients cause matrix effects and strategies to nullify these effects needs to be revisited. Furthermore, formulation excipients cause drug interactions by moderating the pathways of drug metabolizing enzymes and drug transport proteins. Although it is not possible to get rid of excipient driven interactions, it is always advised to be aware of these interactions and apply the knowledge to draw meaningful conclusions from study results. In this review, we will comprehensively discuss a) orphan excipients that have wider applications in preclinical formulations, b) bioanalytical matrix effects and possible approaches to mitigating these effects, and c) excipient driven drug interactions and strategies to alleviate the impacts of drug interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijayabhaskar Veeravalli
- Syngene International Limited, Biocon Park, SEZ, Bommasandra Industrial Area - Phase-IV Bommasandra-Jigani Link Road, Bangalore, 560099, India
| | - Hanumanth Srikanth Cheruvu
- Syngene International Limited, Biocon Park, SEZ, Bommasandra Industrial Area - Phase-IV Bommasandra-Jigani Link Road, Bangalore, 560099, India
| | | | - Lakshmi Mohan Vamsi Madgula
- Syngene International Limited, Biocon Park, SEZ, Bommasandra Industrial Area - Phase-IV Bommasandra-Jigani Link Road, Bangalore, 560099, India
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8
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Wang T, Zhang D, Sun D, Gu J. Current status of in vivo bioanalysis of nano drug delivery systems. J Pharm Anal 2020; 10:221-232. [PMID: 32612868 PMCID: PMC7322761 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of nano drug delivery systems (NDDSs) provides new approaches to fighting against diseases. The NDDSs are specially designed to serve as carriers for the delivery of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) to their target sites, which would certainly extend the benefit of their unique physicochemical characteristics, such as prolonged circulation time, improved targeting and avoiding of drug-resistance. Despite the remarkable progress achieved over the last three decades, the understanding of the relationships between the in vivo pharmacokinetics of NDDSs and their safety profiles is insufficient. Analysis of NDDSs is far more complicated than the monitoring of small molecular drugs in terms of structure, composition and aggregation state, whereby almost all of the conventional techniques are inadequate for accurate profiling their pharmacokinetic behavior in vivo. Herein, the advanced bioanalysis for tracing the in vivo fate of NDDSs is summarized, including liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET), aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) fluorophore, aggregation-induced emission (AIE) fluorophores, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), radiolabeling, fluorescence spectroscopy, laser ablation inductively coupled plasma MS (LA-ICP-MS), and size-exclusion chromatography (SEC). Based on these technologies, a comprehensive survey of monitoring the dynamic changes of NDDSs in structure, composition and existing form in system (i.e. carrier polymers, released and encapsulated drug) with recent progress is provided. We hope that this review will be helpful in appropriate application methodology for investigating the pharmacokinetics and evaluating the efficacy and safety profiles of NDDSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Wang
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, PR China
- Research Center for Drug Metabolism, College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, PR China
| | - Di Zhang
- Research Center for Drug Metabolism, College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, PR China
| | - Dong Sun
- Department of Biopharmacy, College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, PR China
| | - Jingkai Gu
- Research Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, PR China
- Research Center for Drug Metabolism, College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, PR China
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9
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Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Song S, Yin L, Sun D, Gu J. Recent advances in the bioanalytical methods of polyethylene glycols and PEGylated pharmaceuticals. J Sep Sci 2020; 43:1978-1997. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201901340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Zhang
- Research Center for Drug Metabolism, College of Life ScienceJilin University Changchun P. R. China
- Beijing Institute of Drug Metabolism Beijing P. R. China
| | - Yuyao Zhang
- Research Center for Drug Metabolism, College of Life ScienceJilin University Changchun P. R. China
- Beijing Institute of Drug Metabolism Beijing P. R. China
| | - Shiwen Song
- Research Center for Drug Metabolism, College of Life ScienceJilin University Changchun P. R. China
- Beijing Institute of Drug Metabolism Beijing P. R. China
| | - Lei Yin
- Research Center for Drug Metabolism, College of Life ScienceJilin University Changchun P. R. China
- Research Institute of Translational MedicineThe First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University Changchun P. R. China
| | - Dong Sun
- Department of Biopharmacy, College of Life ScienceJilin University Changchun P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education”Yantai University Yantai P. R. China
| | - Jingkai Gu
- Research Center for Drug Metabolism, College of Life ScienceJilin University Changchun P. R. China
- Beijing Institute of Drug Metabolism Beijing P. R. China
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10
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Comparative pharmacokinetic study of PEGylated gemcitabine and gemcitabine in rats by LC-MS/MS coupled with pre-column derivatization and MSALL technique. Talanta 2020; 206:120184. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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11
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Development of an UPLC-MS/MS method coupled with in-source CID for quantitative analysis of PEG-PLA copolymer and its application to a pharmacokinetic study in rats. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1125:121716. [PMID: 31319286 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.121716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(lactic acid) (PEG-PLA) is a biocompatible and amphiphilic block copolymer composed of a hydrophilic PEG block and a hydrophobic PLA block, which can self-assemble into micelles in water. It is one of the most commonly used biodegradable polymers for drug encapsulation, drug solubilization and drug delivery. Due to the complexity and heterogeneity of PEG-PLA, the precise analysis of this polymer is a great challenge. This study reports an application of an UPLC tandem mass spectrometry coupled with in-source collision induced dissociation (CID) technique for the analysis of a model compound mPEG2000-PDLLA2500-COOH, which could be dissociated in source and generate a series of fragment ions corresponding to its subunits. These surrogate ions including PLA-specific and PEG-specific fragment ions could be further broken into specific product ions in collision cell. Finally, the ion transition at m/z 505.0 → 217.0 was selected for the quantitation of mPEG2000-PDLLA2500-COOH. This assay achieved a lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) of 0.05 μg/mL with only 30 μL rat plasma. The linear range is 0.05 to 5 μg/mL. Intraday and interday accuracy and precision were within ±12.1%. The method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of mPEG2000-PDLLA2500-COOH in rats. The results revealed that LC-MS/MS coupled with in-source CID is a sensitive and specific strategy for analysis of PEG-PLA. This method can be potentially extended to the analysis of other pharmaceutical polymer excipients.
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12
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Analytical method for the determination of polyethylenglycole 400 as marker in porcine plasma. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1113:45-49. [PMID: 30889499 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Polyethylenglycole (PEG) is a widespread linear polymer which can be utilized as a solute digestive and intestinal permeability marker in nutritional physiology studies depending on chain length/molecular mass. PEG 400 is proposed to be an ideal permeability marker. Due to its molecular mass (238-590 g/mol) and characteristics, PEG 400 is suggested to be used as a surrogate for studying the paracellular permeability of small hydrophilic molecules. For this purpose, a liquid chromatographic-tandem mass spectrometric method has been developed for the determination of the major oligomers of PEG 400 in porcine plasma. The analysis included a simple and rapid clean-up step where proteins were precipitated. The most intense ions corresponding to seven PEG 400 oligomers were separated within 7 min. Validation of the optimized method was performed in the range of 500-18,000 ng/mL. Mean recoveries between 93 and 105% were achieved using spiked plasma samples in three different concentration levels. The limit of quantification ranged between 11 and 244 ng/mL. The applicability of the method was demonstrated by the analysis of porcine plasma samples obtained from an animal experiment with barrows. The kinetic course of administrated PEG 400 was shown based on the dataset of two barrows selected from the control group, and it was figured out that relative proportion of each PEG oligomer in portal plasma decreased with increasing molecular mass.
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13
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Lin W, Yin L, Sun T, Wang T, Xie Z, Gu J, Jing X. The Effect of Molecular Structure on Cytotoxicity and Antitumor Activity of PEGylated Nanomedicines. Biomacromolecules 2018; 19:1625-1634. [PMID: 29608275 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Fundamental studies on the cellular uptake and drug release of PEGylated nanomedicines are beneficial to understand their fate in vivo and construct ideal nanoparticle formulations. In this work, the detailed metabolic process of PEGylated doxorubicin (Dox) nanomedicines were investigated via confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), flow cytometry (FCM), cytotoxicity test, fluorescence imaging in vivo (FLIV) and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Among them, only LC-MS/MS could accurately determine the content of PEGylated Dox and Dox in vitro and in vivo. To the best of our knowledge, this was the first time the PEGylated Dox and released Dox were simultaneously quantified. The interplay of molecular structures, cellular uptake, drug release, and antitumor effect was well characterized. PEG with high molecular weight impeded the cellular uptake of nanoparticles, and the acid-labile hydrazone bond between Dox and PEG promoted Dox release significantly. Cellular uptake and drug release play decisive roles in cytotoxicity and antitumor effect, as evidenced by LC-MS/MS. We emphasized that LC-MS/MS would be a practicable method to quantify PEGylated drugs without complex tags, which could be more in-depth to understand the interaction between PEGylated nanomedicines and their antitumor efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhai Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 5625 Renmin Street , Changchun, Jilin 130022 , People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Yin
- Research Center for Drug Metabolism, College of Life Sciences , Jilin University , Changchun 130012 , People's Republic of China.,Clinical Pharmacology Center, Research Institute of Translational Medicine , The First Hospital of Jilin University , Dongminzhu Street , Changchun 130061 , People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 5625 Renmin Street , Changchun, Jilin 130022 , People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Research Center for Drug Metabolism, College of Life Sciences , Jilin University , Changchun 130012 , People's Republic of China.,Clinical Pharmacology Center, Research Institute of Translational Medicine , The First Hospital of Jilin University , Dongminzhu Street , Changchun 130061 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhigang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 5625 Renmin Street , Changchun, Jilin 130022 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jingkai Gu
- Research Center for Drug Metabolism, College of Life Sciences , Jilin University , Changchun 130012 , People's Republic of China.,Clinical Pharmacology Center, Research Institute of Translational Medicine , The First Hospital of Jilin University , Dongminzhu Street , Changchun 130061 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiabin Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 5625 Renmin Street , Changchun, Jilin 130022 , People's Republic of China
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14
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Zhou X, Meng X, Cheng L, Su C, Sun Y, Sun L, Tang Z, Fawcett JP, Yang Y, Gu J. Development and Application of an MSALL-Based Approach for the Quantitative Analysis of Linear Polyethylene Glycols in Rat Plasma by Liquid Chromatography Triple-Quadrupole/Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2017; 89:5193-5200. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Zhou
- School
of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, PR China
| | - Xiangjun Meng
- School
of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, PR China
| | - Longmei Cheng
- School
of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, PR China
| | - Chong Su
- School
of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, PR China
| | - Yantong Sun
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Lingxia Sun
- School
of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, PR China
| | - Zhaohui Tang
- Key
Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, PR China
| | - John Paul Fawcett
- School
of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, P.O. Box 56, New Zealand
| | - Yan Yang
- School
of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, PR China
| | - Jingkai Gu
- School
of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, PR China
- Clinical
Pharmacology Center, Research Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130061, PR China
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15
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Ma BL, Yang Y, Dai Y, Li Q, Lin G, Ma YM. Polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG400) affects the systemic exposure of oral drugs based on multiple mechanisms: taking berberine as an example. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra26284h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
High concentrations of PEG400 increase in vivo exposure to berberine (D) by increasing its solubility (A), permeability (B), and lymphatic transport (C).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Liang Ma
- Department of Pharmacology
- School of Pharmacy
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Pharmacology
- School of Pharmacy
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Yan Dai
- Department of Pharmacology
- School of Pharmacy
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Qiao Li
- Department of Pharmacology
- School of Pharmacy
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Ge Lin
- School of Biomedical Sciences
- Faculty of Medicine
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong
- Shatin
- China
| | - Yue-Ming Ma
- Department of Pharmacology
- School of Pharmacy
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Shanghai
- China
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16
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Zhang H, Wang Z, Liu O. Simultaneous determination of kolliphor HS15 and miglyol 812 in microemulsion formulation by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with nano quantity analyte detector. J Pharm Anal 2016; 6:11-17. [PMID: 29403957 PMCID: PMC5762443 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel method for simultaneous determination of kolliphor HS15 and miglyol 812 in microemulsion formulation was developed using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with a nano quantitation analytical detector (UHPLC–NQAD). All components in kolliphor HS15 and miglyol 812 were well separated on an Acquity BEH C18 column. Mobile phase A was 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in water and mobile phase B was acetonitrile. A gradient elution sequence was programed initially with 60% organic solvent, slowly increased to 100% within 8 min. The flow rate was 0.7 mL/min. Good linearity (r>0.95) was obtained in the range of 27.6–1381.1 μg/mL for polyoxyl 15 hydroxystearate in kolliphor HS15, 0.8–202.0 μg/mL for caprylic acid triglyceride and 2.7–221.9 μg/mL for capric acid triglyceride in miglyol 812. The relative standard deviations (RSD) ranged from 0.6% to 1.7% for intra-day precision and from 0.4% to 2.7% for inter-day precision. The overall recoveries (accuracy) were 99.7%–101.4% for polyoxyl 15 hydroxystearate in kolliphor HS15, 96.7%–99.6% for caprylic acid triglyceride, and 94.1%–103.3% for capric acid triglyceride in miglyol 812. Quantification limits (QL) were determined as 27.6 μg/mL for polyoxyl 15 hydroxystearate in kolliphor HS15, 0.8 μg/mL for caprylic acid triglyceride, and 2.7 μg/mL for capric acid triglyceride in miglyol 812. No interferences were observed in the retention time ranges of kolliphor HS15 and miglyol 812. The method was validated in terms of specificity, linearity, precision, accuracy, QL, and robustness. The proposed method has been applied to microemulsion formulation analyses with good recoveries (82.2%–103.4%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Honggen Zhang
- Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Oscar Liu
- Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
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17
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Development of a stable isotope dilution LC-MS assay for the quantitation of multiple polyethylene glycol (PEG) homologues to be used in permeability studies. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015; 1001:182-90. [PMID: 26279010 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.07.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A new quantitation method based on a multiple stable isotope dilution assay (SIDA) was developed for polyethylene glycol (PEG) homologues from PEG mixtures with average molecular weights (MW) of 400, 1500, 3000 and 4000Da in urine. Seven [(13)C4(2)H4] and two [(13)C8(2)H8]PEG homologues were synthesized and served as labelled internal standards for SIDA. PEG oligomers were resolved by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) coupled to mass spectrometry (MS) in multiple ion (MI) scan modus. Very low limits of detection (LODs) in a range of 0.4-12ng/mL were achieved for the single homologues. Higher PEG homologues showed increased LODs and LOQs and less effective recovery (77-87%) than PEG with lower molecular masses (95-121%). Precision (relative standard deviation) varied between 3 and 13% and showed no dependence of the chain length. The method was successfully applied to human and mice urine samples. Beside an accurate quantitation of single PEG homologues it was possible to show an alteration in the MW distribution in urine samples compared to the dosed PEG solutions. The highest MW, with which a PEG can pass the intestinal wall (so called "cut off") for humans appeared to be higher than for mice.
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18
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Applied Pharmaceutical Analysis India 2014 conference report. Bioanalysis 2015; 6:1891-6. [PMID: 25158960 DOI: 10.4155/bio.14.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Applied Pharmaceutical Analysis (APA) India 23-26 February 2014, Ahmedabad, India The fifth Applied Pharmaceutical Analysis (APA) India meeting was held in February 2014 at Hyatt Ahmedabad, India. With the theme of 'The Science of Measurement: Current status and Future trends in Bioanalysis, Biotransformation and Drug Discovery Platforms', the conference was attended by over 160 delegates. The agenda comprised advanced and relevant research topics in the key areas of bioanalysis and drug metabolism. APA India 2014 provided a unique platform for networking and professional linking to participants, innovators and policy-makers. As part of the global research community, APA India continues to grow and receive considerable attention from the drug discovery and development community of India.
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Bhaskar VV, Middha A, Srivastava P, Rajagopal S. Liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry method for quantitative estimation of solutol HS15 and its applications. J Pharm Anal 2014; 5:120-129. [PMID: 29403923 PMCID: PMC5761479 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Revised: 08/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A rapid, sensitive and selective pseudoMRM (pMRM)-based method for the determination of solutol HS15 (SHS15) in rat plasma was developed using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). The most abundant ions corresponding to SHS15 free polyethyleneglycol (PEG) oligomers at m/z 481, 525, 569, 613, 657, 701, 745, 789, 833, 877, 921 and 965 were selected for pMRM in electrospray mode of ionization. Purity of the lipophilic and hydrophilic components of SHS15 was estimated using evaporative light scattering detector (ELSD). Plasma concentrations of SHS15 were measured after oral administration at 2.50 g/kg dose and intravenous administration at 1.00 g/kg dose in male Sprague Dawley rats. SHS15 has poor oral bioavailability of 13.74% in rats. Differences in pharmacokinetics of oligomers were studied. A novel proposal was conveyed to the scientific community, where formulation excipient could be analyzed as a qualifier in the analysis of new chemical entities (NCEs) to address the spiky plasma concentration profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Vijaya Bhaskar
- DMPK Laboratory (Biology Division), GVK BIO, Nacharam, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh 500076, India
- Department of Pharmacy, Jagadishprasad Jhabermal Tibrewala University, Vidyanagari, Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan 333001, India
- Corresponding author at: DMPK Laboratory (Biology Division), GVK BIO, Nacharam, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh 500076, India. Tel.: +91 8143853440.
| | - Anil Middha
- Department of Pharmacy, Jagadishprasad Jhabermal Tibrewala University, Vidyanagari, Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan 333001, India
| | - Pratima Srivastava
- DMPK Laboratory (Biology Division), GVK BIO, Nacharam, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh 500076, India
| | - Sriram Rajagopal
- DMPK Laboratory (Biology Division), GVK BIO, Nacharam, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh 500076, India
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20
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Chen C, Ma MG, Fullenwider CL, Chen WG, Sadeque AJM. Biopharmaceutics Permeability Classification of Lorcaserin, a Selective 5-Hydroxytryptamine 2C Agonist: Method Suitability and Permeability Class Membership. Mol Pharm 2013; 10:4739-45. [DOI: 10.1021/mp400468c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Chen
- Department of Drug Metabolism
and Pharmacokinetics, Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 6154 Nancy Ridge
Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Michael G. Ma
- Department of Drug Metabolism
and Pharmacokinetics, Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 6154 Nancy Ridge
Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Cody L. Fullenwider
- Department of Drug Metabolism
and Pharmacokinetics, Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 6154 Nancy Ridge
Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Weichao G. Chen
- Department of Drug Metabolism
and Pharmacokinetics, Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 6154 Nancy Ridge
Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Abu J. M. Sadeque
- Department of Drug Metabolism
and Pharmacokinetics, Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 6154 Nancy Ridge
Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
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