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Simultaneous quantification of dexamethasone and 6β-hydroxydexamethasone in rabbit plasma, aqueous and vitreous humor, and retina by UHPLC-MS/MS. Bioanalysis 2021; 13:1051-1062. [PMID: 34100308 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2021-0088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To develop and validate a fit for purpose method for the simultaneous determination of dexamethasone and its major metabolite, 6β-hydroxydexamethasone, in rabbit plasma and ocular matrices to measure the in vivo release and distribution profile of dexamethasone from intravitreal implants. Materials & methods: An UHPLC-MS/MS system was employed to perform the bioanalysis. The method was validated according to the US FDA Bioanalytical Method Validation Guidance for Industry. Results & conclusion: The method was found to be fit-for-purpose for the described biological matrices and had a LLOQ of 0.1 ng/ml.
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Xiao S, Yu H, Xie Y, Guo Y, Fan J, Yao W. The anti-inflammatory potential of Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J.Presl essential oil in vitro and in vivo. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 267:113516. [PMID: 33141054 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Borneol was widely used in traditional Chinese medicine formulas due to its pharmacological activities, e.g. sedative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-ischemic properties. Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J.Presl essential oil (BEO) is a by-product of natural crystalline borneol (NCB) production obtained by steam distillation of Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J.Presl leaves, and borneol was the main component of BEO. This study aims to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of BEO and its corresponding mechanisms through in vitro and in vivo studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human erythrocyte membrane stability assay and the acute inflammation murine model (xylene-induced ear edema) were chosen to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of BEO. Expression of inflammatory mediators, including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) was determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). The functional compounds in the BEO were identified by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The steady-state transdermal diffusion rates of BEO and BEO nano-emulsion with were also determined in this study. Cytotoxicity of BEO was analyzed by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. RESULTS The BEO showed a high human erythrocyte membrane stabilization by inhibiting heat-induced hemolysis (IC50 = 5.29 mg/mL) and hypotonic solution-induced hemolysis (IC50 = 0.26 mg/mL) in vitro. The BEO was topically applied to mice auricles, both single and repeated administration significantly reduced xylene-induced auricle swelling (p < 0.0001). Expression of inflammatory mediators, including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in serum and tissue was significantly downregulated (p < 0.05), so as to the mRNA expression of IL-1β (p<0.05) and TNF-α (p < 0.001). A total of 43 components were identified and quantified by GC-MS. The most abundant was borneol [178.3 mg/mL, 20.9% (m/v)], followed by β-caryophyllene (116.3 mg/mL), camphor (115.2 mg/mL), and limonene (89.4 mg/mL). For determining the skin permeability of BEO, the steady-state transdermal diffusion rates of BEO and BEO nano-emulsion were determined to be 6.7 and 8.9 mg/cm2·h, respectively. CONCLUSION It is suspected that the anti-inflammatory effects in vivo and in vitro were derived from the above-mentioned components in the BEO. These findings will facilitate the development of BEO as a new and natural therapeutic agent for inflammatory skin conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No. 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China
| | - Hang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No. 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China
| | - Yunfei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No. 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China
| | - Yahui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No. 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China
| | - Jiajia Fan
- Chunjingziran Biotechnology Co. Ltd, No.15 Beichen Business Building, Jiefang Avenue, Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, 321000, China
| | - Weirong Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No. 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China.
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Roseboom IC, Rosing H, Beijnen JH, Dorlo TPC. Skin tissue sample collection, sample homogenization, and analyte extraction strategies for liquid chromatographic mass spectrometry quantification of pharmaceutical compounds. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 191:113590. [PMID: 33010602 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Quantification of pharmaceutical compounds in skin tissue is challenging because of low expected concentrations, small typical sample volumes, and the hard nature of the skin structure itself. This review provides a comprehensive overview of sample collection, sample homogenization and analyte extraction methods that have been used to quantify pharmaceutical compounds in skin tissue, obtained from animals and humans, using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. For each step in the process of sample collection to sample extraction, methods are compared to discuss challenges and provide practical guidance. Furthermore, liquid chromatographic-mass spectrometry considerations regarding the quality and complexity of skin tissue sample measurements are discussed, with emphasis on analyte recovery and matrix effects. Given that the true recovery of analytes from skin tissue is difficult to assess, the extent of homogenization plays a crucial role in the accuracy of quantification. Chemical or enzymatic solubilization of skin tissue samples would therefore be preferable as homogenization method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignace C Roseboom
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Hilde Rosing
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jos H Beijnen
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas P C Dorlo
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Hui Z, Zhijun Y, Yushan Y, Liping C, Yiying Z, Difan Z, Chunglit CT, Wei C. The combination of acyclovir and dexamethasone protects against Alzheimer's disease-related cognitive impairments in mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2020; 237:1851-1860. [PMID: 32221697 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-020-05503-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease. However, effective drugs for this disease have not yet been developed. The analysis of big data indicated that childhood herpes virus infection may be associated with the incidence of AD, suggesting that anti-herpetic drugs, such as acyclovir, may have preventive and suppressive effects in AD therapy. Moreover, short-term use of dexamethasone (DXMT), a clinical used synthetic corticosteroid, could effectively inhibit AD-related neuroinflammation. In this study, we have found that the combination of acyclovir and DXMT, but not acyclovir or DXMT alone, could protect against AD causing β-amyloid (Aβ) oligomer-induced spatial cognitive impairments. Moreover, acyclovir and DXMT could prevent Aβ oligomer-induced over-activation of microglia and astrocytes, and over-expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, indicating that anti-AD effects of drug combination might be at least partially via neuroinflammation inhibition and immunomodulation. Furthermore, Aβ oligomer-induced decrease of PSD-95 and increase of pTau expression was prevented by the combination of acyclovir and DXMT, suggesting the involvement of synaptic protective effects of the drug combination. Taken together, our studies indicated that the combination of acyclovir and DXMT might be an alternative therapy for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Hui
- Translational Medicine Center of Pain, Emotion and Cognition, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Yuan Zhijun
- Translational Medicine Center of Pain, Emotion and Cognition, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Yan Yushan
- Translational Medicine Center of Pain, Emotion and Cognition, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Chen Liping
- Translational Medicine Center of Pain, Emotion and Cognition, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Zhou Yiying
- Translational Medicine Center of Pain, Emotion and Cognition, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Zhang Difan
- Translational Medicine Center of Pain, Emotion and Cognition, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | | | - Cui Wei
- Translational Medicine Center of Pain, Emotion and Cognition, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
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Li L, Zhang M, Cao Y, Ma P, Wei J, Tao L, Qian K. An LC-MS Method for Determination of Betamethasone in Tissue Engineering Skin and Application to Dermatopharmacokinetic Study. CURR PHARM ANAL 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1573412914666180831101354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives:Tissue engineering skin is a three-dimensional skin substitute cultured in the gas-liquid interface using the immortalized keratinocytes (HaCaT cells). In this study, the preliminary metabolism of betamethasone dipropionate by tissue engineering skin was studied and the pharmacokinetics methodology was established using betamethasone dipropionate gel as the target drug.Methods:The betamethasone dipropionate gel was applied on the tissue engineering skin after the skin was cultured. Then the medium (receiving liquid) and skin were taken on 0.25, 0.75, 1.75, 3, 5, 8, 12, 24, 36, 48 h time points. The betamethasone concentration in the medium and skin was determinated by the LC-MS method. Chromatographic analysis was conducted using isocratic elution on a C18 column (150 mm × 2.0 mm, 5 µm) in mobile phase consisting of methanol and water (70 : 30, v/v). The mobile phase was pumped at a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min.Results:This method exhibited linearity within the concentration range of 0. 1 to 50 µg /mL of betamethasone. The LLOQ was 0. 1 µg /mL. The intra- and inter-day precisions of betamethasone in the blank medium were all less than 10.69 % (RSD, %), while in the blank, skin homogenates were all less than 13.96 % (RSD, %). As a result, the betamethasone concentration in the medium and skin could both be detected, which suggested that betamethasone dipropionate could be metabolized to betamethasone through the tissue engineering skin.Conclusion:It was feasible to use tissue engineering skin as a model to study the dermatopharmacokinetics of topical betamethasone dipropionate gel. The research could build a foundation for the dermato-pharmacokinetic study approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingjun Li
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 12, Jiangwangmiao Street, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Mengli Zhang
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 12, Jiangwangmiao Street, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Yuping Cao
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 12, Jiangwangmiao Street, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Pengcheng Ma
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 12, Jiangwangmiao Street, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Jun Wei
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 12, Jiangwangmiao Street, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Lei Tao
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 12, Jiangwangmiao Street, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Kun Qian
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 12, Jiangwangmiao Street, Nanjing, 210042, China
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Soares FQ, Alvarenga BF, Ruggiero MA, Casanova MC, Lima EM, Rabelo D, Chaves AR. Disposable pipette extraction phase based on styrene–divinylbenzene/pernigraniline composite, applied for dexamethasone determination in synovial fluid by HPLC with UV detector. ACTA CHROMATOGR 2019. [DOI: 10.1556/1326.2018.00460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bruna F. Alvarenga
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | | | - Monise C. Casanova
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Eliana M. Lima
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Denilson Rabelo
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Andréa R. Chaves
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
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Li L, Zhang M, Ma P, Qian K. Development of a simple method for simultaneous determination of tazarotene and betamethasone dipropionate and their metabolites using LC-MS method and its application to dermatopharmacokinetic study. Biomed Chromatogr 2019; 33:e4557. [PMID: 30990899 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In our study, a method for the determination for tazarotene and betamethasone dipropionate in human tissue-engineered skin was established. Tazarotene gel, betamethasone dipropionate cream or a combination cream was administered to the skin. Then the skin was taken off at 0.25, 0.75, 1.75, 3, 5, 8, 12, 24, 36, 48 h time points after the residual drug was removed. The concentrations of tazarotene, betamethasone dipropionate and their major metabolites in skin were determined by LC-MS. Tazarotene and tazarotenic acid were detected in the concentration range of 2-200 μg/mL with an LLOQ of 2 μg/mL. Betamethasone dipropionate was detected in the concentration range 0.5-300 μg/mL with an LLOQ of 0.5 μg/mL, and betamethasone was detected at 2-200 μg/mL with an LLOQ of 2 μg/mL. The intra- and inter-day precisions of the four analytes in the skin homogenate were all <15% (RSD, %). The results showed that tazarotene could be metabolized to tazarotenic acid and betamethasone dipropionate could be metabolized to betamethasone in tissue-engineered skin. The results also revealed that this method was suitable for the simultaneous determination of tazarotene, betamethasone dipropionate and their metabolites in tissue-engineered skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingjun Li
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Institute of Dermatology, China
| | - Mengli Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Institute of Dermatology, China
| | | | - Kun Qian
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Institute of Dermatology, China
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Jin P, Liang X, Wu X, He X, Kuang Y, Hu X. Screening and quantification of 18 glucocorticoid adulterants from herbal pharmaceuticals and health foods by HPLC and confirmed by LC-Q-TOF-MS/MS. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2017; 35:10-19. [PMID: 29095118 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2017.1400184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Jin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xiaoli Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xuejun Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xiaorong He
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yongmei Kuang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xin Hu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, PR China
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A rapid microextraction by packed sorbent − liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of dexamethasone disodium phosphate and dexamethasone in aqueous humor of patients with uveitis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 142:343-347. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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10
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Stability-Indicating Liquid Chromatography–Spectrophotometric UV Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Marbofloxacin, Dexamethasone and Clotrimazole in a Liquid Pharmaceutical Dosage Form. Chromatographia 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-015-2942-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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11
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Topical delivery of dexamethasone acetate from hydrogel containing nanostructured liquid carriers and the drug. Arch Pharm Res 2015; 38:1999-2007. [PMID: 25940221 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-015-0608-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The potential of hydrogel containing nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) to enhance the skin permeation rate and skin deposition of dexamethasone acetate (DEA) was investigated. The particle size of obtained NLCs was around 224.4 nm. NLCs had core-shell structure and DEA existed in amorphous state in NLCs. The permeation rate of DEA through excised mouse skins from hydrogel containing DEA-NLC (DEA-NLC-hydrogel) was 7.3 times higher than DEA-ointment. The skin deposition of DEA from DEA-NLC-hydrogel increased 3.8 folds compared to that from solution of DEA in hydrogel (DEA-hydrogel).
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Beber T, Andrade D, Kann B, Fontana M, Coradini K, Windbergs M, Beck R. Submicron polymeric particles prepared by vibrational spray-drying: Semisolid formulation and skin penetration/permeation studies. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2014; 88:602-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2014.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Revised: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Yuan Y, Zhou X, Li J, Ye S, Ji X, Li L, Zhou T, Lu W. Development and validation of a highly sensitive LC-MS/MS method for the determination of dexamethasone in nude mice plasma and its application to a pharmacokinetic study. Biomed Chromatogr 2014; 29:578-83. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs; Peking University; Beijing 100191 China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs; Peking University; Beijing 100191 China
| | - Jian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs; Peking University; Beijing 100191 China
| | - Suofu Ye
- School of Pharmaceutical science; Peking University; Beijing 100191 China
| | - Xiwei Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs; Peking University; Beijing 100191 China
| | - Liang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs; Peking University; Beijing 100191 China
| | - Tianyan Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical science; Peking University; Beijing 100191 China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs; Peking University; Beijing 100191 China
| | - Wei Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical science; Peking University; Beijing 100191 China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs; Peking University; Beijing 100191 China
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